Salvador dali (1904 May 1 1) was born in Figueras and died on June 23rd, 1989. He is a talented and imaginative painter. In the process of transforming the subjective world of dreams into objective and exciting images, he made great contributions to surrealism and art in the 20th century. Dali's life is full of legends. In addition to his paintings, his articles, eloquence, movements, looks and beards have left a confused impression on those who appreciate him. Dali studied fine arts in Madrid and Barcelona when he was young. He absorbed various artistic styles and showed his extraordinary skills as a painter. However, it was not until the late 1920s that two things made his painting style mature. First, he discovered Freud's important works about subconscious image sex; Secondly, he made friends with a group of brilliant Parisian surrealists, who tried to prove that the human subconscious is a "more important reality" beyond reason. In order to produce images from the subconscious, Dali began to induce hallucinations in himself by a method called "paranoid critical state". After Dali discovered this method, his painting style quickly matured. His paintings from 1929 to 1937 made him the most famous surrealist artist in the world. In his dream, he juxtaposed, twisted or deformed ordinary objects in a strange and unreasonable way. Dali's detailed description of these objects is almost perfect. They are usually placed in a very desolate but sunny landscape, reminiscent of his hometown Catalonia. Among these enigmatic images, the most famous one is "Eternity of Memory" (193 1). In this painting, a soft, flexible and melting watch sets off a horribly calm landscape. Dali also co-produced two surreal films with Spanish film director L- bunuel, namely Dogs in Andalusia (1928) and Golden Age (1930), which are also full of grotesque but suggestive images. In the late 1930s, under the influence of Raphael, a Renaissance painter, Dali's painting turned to a more classical style, and he was expelled from surrealism. After that, he spent a lot of time setting up J-stage scenes, interior decoration of fashionable shops and jewelry. During the period of 1950 ~ 1970, he had many paintings with religious themes, but he still explored the theme of sex, described his childhood memories, and made his wife Galla the central image of these themes. Although these late paintings are skillful, their objective evaluation is lower than that of early works. Among Dali's works, the most interesting and revealing is The Secret Life of salvador dali (1942 ~ 1944). Many of his works are full of violence and criticism of traditional social asceticism. His representative works include Eternity of Memory, The Shrew and the Moon, The Omen of Civil War, etc.

[Edit this paragraph] Detailed life story

be born

Salvador dali1May, 904 1 1 was born in a small town in figueres, Spain, and spent his childhood there. His birthplace is only about 16 miles from France. Dali's father is a notary and his family is well-off. He once set up his first art studio for Dali in Kadax, a small fishing village by the sea.

puberty

Salvador dali was very active in his childhood and adolescence, which was especially important for his later career. Some anecdotes of this period, whether true or false, are the basis of many lasting images of him in the future, and his relationship with his parents and his wife Gallas plays a decisive role in the formation of his artistic personality. Dali always liked the scenery of his childhood, surrounded by the great plains of Figueras and the coast of Catalonia, with olive groves and pointed bald rocks. These ancient and sad landscapes not only serve as the background, but also enter his paintings as creatures. Apart from Picasso, salvador dali may be the most famous painter in the 20th century, but this does not mean that he was highly praised.

surrealist painter

When he grew up, Dali and his wife Galla set up their own family in the nearby port of Liegat. Many of his works reflect his love for Port of Spain. Young Dali studied at the san fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. His talent was first discovered by the world in his solo exhibition in Barcelona in 1925. At the 3rd Carnegie International Exhibition in Pittsburgh from 65438 to 0928, he exhibited three works, such as Basket of Bread, which won him an international reputation. The following year, Dali held his first solo exhibition in Paris. In the same year, he joined the surrealist school led by Andrei Brayton, a former Dada member. It was in this year that Dali met Gallas in Kadaks, when she happened to visit Dali with her husband and poet Paul Elude. Since then, Gala has become Dali's favorite, his business manager and the main source of inspiration. Soon, Dali became the leader of the surrealist movement. His work The Persistence of Memory depicts a soft clock, which is one of the most outstanding surrealist works in the world today.

Form a new style

But as the war approached, Dali, who wanted to be indifferent to politics, clashed with other surrealists and was finally expelled from the surrealist group in an "interrogation" in 1934. However, in the next ten years, he can still appear in the international surrealist works exhibition. Around 1940, Dali formed a new style-now called his "classic" period-which showed his concentration on science and religion. During World War II, Dali and Gallas fled Europe and spent eight years in the United States from 1940 to 1948. This period is a very important period in Dali's life. 194 1 year, new york Museum of Modern Art held his first grand retrospective exhibition for Dali. 1942, Dali published his autobiography The Secret Life of salvador dali. In the process of Dali's transformation from surrealism to his classic period, Dali began to create his 19 large-scale oil paintings, many of which involved scientific, historical and religious themes. These 19 large-scale oil paintings have become a series, among which the most famous are The Magic Bullfighter, Christopher Columbus Discovering America and The Last Supper Sacrament.

old age

From 65438 to 0974, Dali established Teatro exhibition hall in figueres, and then held retrospective exhibitions in Paris and London before the end of 1970s. Since 1982, Dali's health has gone from bad to worse. 1984, he was burned again in a fire accident in Pubor's home, and his health deteriorated. During this period, Dali spent most of his time isolated from the world, first staying in Pubol, and then moving to a private apartment near Teatro Exhibition Hall. 19891On October 23rd, Dali died of heart disease and respiratory complications.

[Edit this paragraph] Art evaluation

Surrealism painting is one of the most influential movements in modern western literature and art, and the second generation of surrealist painters are Pierre Roy, Don Quixote, Magritte, paul delvaux Cox and salvador dali (1904.5-1989.6438+0). This group of painters, based on detailed and realistic description of details and recognizable parts of objects, aims to show a living environment that completely violates the natural organizational structure, combine fantasy with unfamiliar environment, and show the dreams in the artists' hearts. Some people also call this painting naturalistic surrealism. As the main representative of the movement in the field of fine arts, Dali has always been the object of people's attention and debate. The only difference between me and a madman is that I am not a madman. Every morning when I wake up, I am experiencing an extreme happiness, that is, the happiness of being Dali. You don't need to see Dali's beard sticking up to the sky, nor do you need to see his fantasy works. These extraordinary quips alone are enough to make you imagine what kind of person he is. Dali's reputation is mainly attributed to his self-promotion ability, but more importantly, his whimsical special talent. His whimsy stems from the hard-to-capture materials in life, such as sex, death, metamorphosis and the sky. He used to juxtapose things illogically. Turn emotional inspiration into a creative process, add your inner absurdity and strangeness to the external objective world, distort the familiar things, and then affirm them with fine photography techniques, so that the fantasy becomes true and credible. Dali has always claimed that he is the savior of modern art and culture. He is making great achievements and winning epoch-making victories every day: going to Paris, meeting Gallas, pastoral poetry and surreal revolution ... In order to obtain contradictory visual images, he usually paints these created images very carefully and accurately. Perhaps it is this meticulous realistic brushwork and these clear but unreal images that are so disturbing. Salvador dali admitted that he showed a "personal dream and illusion revealed by Freud". In order to find this surreal illusion, like Dr. Freud, they explore the consciousness of mental patients and think that their words and actions are often sincere reflections of the subconscious world, which is invisible in daily life. For surrealist painters, these are precious materials. Therefore, in many of Dali's works, concrete details are always described and arbitrarily exaggerated, deformed, omitted and symbolized to create a "surreal realm" between reality and fantasy, concreteness and abstraction. Reading his paintings, people can understand all the details, but on the whole, it feels ridiculous, horrible, illogical, grotesque and mysterious. This "subconscious" landscape is actually a subjective "conception" of the painter, and it is not a subconscious or subconscious emotional expression at all. Dali agrees that people should cultivate real fantasies, just like clinical paranoia, but there are still some residual consciousness behind the spirit of people who accept sexual control. These residual consciousness make people in a static state. He also advocates that delusional ways should not be used only in daily work. In daily life, he often deliberately indulges his eccentric behavior. For example, he appeared in a diving suit at the opening ceremony of 1936 surrealist art exhibition in London. His favorite illusion images often appear repeatedly, such as human figures with many half-opened drawers, wax-like softened hardware objects, slender animal legs and objects flying around without center of gravity, and so on. In a sense, the "surrealism" defined by Dali is more famous than the definition of surrealism first published by Britten (André Breton, 1896- 1966, French poet) in 1924. This does not mean that there is an essential difference between them, but that Dali vividly created this kind of "surrealism" which is deeply imprinted in the public mind because of his paintings, his articles, his eloquence, movements, looks and lifestyle, so that it is no longer just black and white. Dali has the greatest influence and the longest duration in surrealist painting. Not only his paintings, but also his articles, eloquence, movements and clothes are all promoting his "surrealism". He can be said to have surpassed their surrealist school in exerting and using his imagination. Some of his works not only convey irrationality, pornography, madness and a certain degree of social philosophy, but also sometimes reflect people's fashion mentality. During Dali's 70-year artistic career, everything he did stunned us. In those strange and absurd remarks, the rating "Master" has become Dali's brand. In the history of Spanish painting, together with velazquez, Goya, Miro, Picasso and other painting masters, he set off the beautiful sky of Spain and made a legend of the history of Spanish painting. Dali's supercilious eyes always stare at the world gloomily.

[Edit this paragraph] Salvador Dali chronology

Early 20th century

Salvador Felipe jacinto Dali was born in Figueras, Spain on May 1 1.

20th century10s

19 14 Dali studied in Figueras Catholic Middle School, and has shown his talent in painting. 19 18 crazy about color. On May 2nd, it was exhibited for the first time in the exhibition of local painters' paintings held in Figueras Theatre. 19 19 wrote articles about art on a regular basis and began to contribute to the commentary magazine Stadium run by Figueras public middle schools.

The 1920s

192 1 Enter the Santa Fe Du Nan Art School in Madrid to study sketch, oil painting and sculpture. 1922 exhibited eight works at Damao Gallery in Barcelona. 1923 was arrested for anarchism and imprisoned for 35 days in Figueras and Gulona. 1925 Dali held his first solo exhibition at Damao Gallery in Barcelona, which attracted the attention of Picasso and Miro. 1926 Visiting Picasso in Paris, Picasso was deeply impressed by Dali's works. 1929 went to Paris for the second time, with the purpose of filming Bruville's film "Anda Rousilat Dog". Meet Carla and fall in love.

the 1930s

193 1 First time in Pires. It was exhibited in Colette Gallery, and then twice in three years. 1932 The soft clock is in Julian. When Levy Gallery participated in the group exhibition for the first time, it aroused great curiosity of new york art lovers, which was the beginning of the success of Dali's works in the United States. 1933 in Julian, new york. Levy Gallery exhibited a solo exhibition for the first time. 12, exhibited at Catalonia Art Museum in Barcelona. 1934 Dali held his first solo exhibition in Britain at Zwimmer Gallery in London. 1 1 month, Dali and Gallas boarded the submarine plain for the first time and arrived in new york. 1935 gave a lecture entitled "Surrealism Painting and the Image of Paranoid Patients" at new york Museum of Modern Art. 1May, 936, surreal objects were exhibited in Raton Gallery, and Dali exhibited them with his design works "Kant Monument" and "Coat for Stimulating Sexual Desire". 1937 Dali fled to Italy to escape the war and lived in Edward. James' house. He studied with James and became familiar with Renaissance and Baroque art.. 1938 1 month, participated in the surreal exhibition of Taxi in Rainy Days in Paris Art Museum. 1939 went to new york again and attended Julian on March 2 1. A solo exhibition held by Levy Gallery.

In the 1940s.

1940 With the Nazi invasion just around the corner, Dali left Europe again and lived in Charleston, Virginia, USA. Crosby's home. After that, it was transported to Pebble Beach in Carmel, California. 194 1 10, the ballet labyrinth premiered in metropolitan opera. Opera scripts, sets and costumes are all written and designed by Dali. 1942 The new york Museum of Modern Art held a retrospective exhibition of Dali's works, which was successively exhibited in eight other cities in the United States. 1944: Cafe Chinita, sentimental discussion, crazy Tristram. 1945 The atomic bomb explosion in Hiroshima inspired Dali to start his "nuclear" or "atomic" scientific stage. 1946 returned to Europe and prepared to settle in the port of corgat, Spain. It's about thirty miles from my hometown of Figueras. 1949 began to be interested in religious subjects and also in the theory of harmonious geometric figures.

The 1950s.

1950 1 month, Dali published this memorandum in new york. 1954 held retrospective exhibitions of important works in Rome, Venice and Milan.

In the 1960s.

1960 February, Columbus discovered America and exhibited it in new york. 196 1 Venice premiered "Ballet of Gallas", and Dali designed the scenery, props and costumes. Morris. Directed by Bergert. 1964 Dali was awarded the Spanish Isabel Grand Cross. In May, Diary of a Genius was published. 1965 The Museum of Modern Art in New York exhibited a retrospective of all Dali's important works. At this time, he became interested in photography and two-dimensional art, and 1969 "Abnormal Passion" was published, which was the peak of his paranoid critical state technique.

The 1970s.

1970 and Spanish architect Emilio Pé rez Pinheiro studied the preliminary scheme of building the Tali Museum in figuera. 197 1 The Dali Museum in Cleveland, Ohio officially opened. Dali's first painting collection, Oui, was published. 1972 new york nordler gallery exhibited his photographic works. 1974 In March, a retrospective exhibition was held at the Stadel Art Museum in Frankfurt. On September 18, Figuratelli Museum opened. 1975 Nikon sponsored a photography exhibition with the theme of "Dali, paranoid critical state method, objective contingency, the third dimension". 1976 10, a copy of philosopher's alchemy was deposited in the national library of Paris. 1April, 978, the first ultra-cubist work was exhibited in new york Gujinhan Museum.

In the 1980s.

1980 held a retrospective exhibition of Dali's main works at Ted Gallery in London. 1982 wife Carla died of illness. Dali lived in seclusion in Empoda. Some of his creations are new themes designed by himself, and some are based on Michelangelo's works. 1April 983 15, the king and queen of Spain cut the ribbon for the exhibition "19 14 to 1983 Selected 400 Dali Works" held by the Spanish Museum of Contemporary Art in Madrid. 1984 On March 27th, Gallas-El Salvador was formally established in Figueras. Dali foundation. 1986 lingered in front of his hospital bed and closed the door. Only the medical team and the closest collaborators could get close to him. 1988 1 1 month, her condition deteriorated and she was sent to Barcelona kelon hospital. In the hospital, the king of Spain visited him personally, and Dali gave him a poem written by himself. 1989 suffered a heart attack and died in Figueras hospital on 1 23. His body was preserved with preservatives. Buried in Dali Museum.

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to the work

Salvador dali likes to describe scenes in dreams, distorting or deforming ordinary objects in a strange and unreasonable way. Dali's description of these objects is meticulous and almost lifelike. They are usually placed in very desolate but sunny landscapes. Among these riddles, the most famous one is probably Eternity of Memory.

Eternal memory

The Eternal Painting of Oil Painting Memory "Eternity of Memory" was created in 193 1, which is a typical style of Dali's early surrealism painting. The picture shows an empty beach, where a monster like a horse lies. Its front part is like a human skull fragment, and only eyelashes, nose and tongue are absurdly combined. There is a platform next to the monster, and a dead tree grows on the platform; The most surprising thing is that several clocks and watches in this painting have become soft and plastic. They appear soft and collapse, or hang on branches, or put on platforms, or put on monsters' backs. It seems that these clocks and watches made of hard materials such as metal and glass have been used up for too long, so they are all loose. Dali admitted that he showed a kind of "personal dreams and hallucinations revealed by Freud" in the painting "Eternity of Memory", which was not his choice. He recorded his subconscious mind and the results of every thought in his dreams as accurately as possible. Moreover, in order to find this surreal illusion, Dali once went to a mental hospital to understand the consciousness of patients, thinking that their words and deeds are often the most sincere reflection of the subconscious world. By using his skillful skills, Da carefully depicts those bizarre images and details, creating a sense of reality that makes people hallucinate, allowing the audience to see a bizarre and interesting scene that can't be seen at all in real life and experience the liberation of mental patients from the real world order.

The face on the beach and the phantom of the fruit bowl

In facial phantom and fruit bowl Dali's works, people can also find another feature: he mixed incoherent fragments in the real world. For example, in The Phantom of the Face and the Fruit Bowl, people will find the dreamy scenery in the upper corner, the bay and waves, the mountains and tunnels, and present the shape of a dog's head. The collar of the dog's head is a cross-sea railway viaduct. Dogs soar in mid-air-the middle of a dog's body consists of a fruit bowl full of pears, which blends with a girl's face. The girl's eyes are made up of the beach and some strange shells. The beach is full of mysterious and grotesque illusions. Just like in a dream, some things, such as ropes and tablecloths, are unexpectedly and clearly revealed, while others are difficult to distinguish. Dali's works make people sigh: this may be the real charm of surrealist painting. Dali's method of comparing the image of illusion with magical realism makes his paintings stand out among all surrealist works. In his life, he has created countless works of art that are deeply loved and widely known. These works all shine with the light of his genius and bring infinite reverie to the world. [ 1]

[Edit this paragraph] Related books

basic document

Title: salvador dali Title: salvador dali Page: 143 Press: Science Press Binding: Paperback Publication Year: July 0, 20021

brief Introduction of the content

The most sensational figure in the surrealist school is the Spanish painter salvador dali. His fame seems to be closely related to his ability to sell himself. In the eyes of ordinary people, his articles, his eloquence, his absurd behavior and strange appearance, and even his beard are more eye-catching than his paintings. His painting is a disguised dream and illusion, full of themes such as sex, death, abnormality and irrationality, and his behavior itself constitutes a surreal landscape painting. People can be skeptical about his self-promotion and boasting skills, but they can't deny his extraordinary imagination and the pictures created by it.