A, according to the installation method can be divided into: A, independent B, built-in C, integral.

B, according to the performance characteristics, it is divided into five categories: A, ordinary B, high power factor C, high performance D, high cost performance E and dimmable.

Serial number type performance characteristics

Peak current ratio of third harmonic lamp with power factor harmonic content

1. Ordinary 0.6 ≥120% 90%1.4 ~1.6 high frequency makes it small, light and energy-saving.

2. High power factor class H ≥ 0.9 ≤ 30% ≤18%1.7 ~ 2.1adopts passive filtering and abnormal protection.

3. High-performance electronic ballast L class ≥ 0.95 ≤ 20% ≤10%1.4 ~1.7 has perfect abnormal protection function and electromagnetic compatibility.

4. The cost-effective L-class electronic ballast is more than or equal to 0.97 ≤10% ≤ 5%1.4 ~1.7. It is designed by integrated technology and constant power circuit, and voltage fluctuation has little influence on lighting.

5. The dimmable electronic ballast ≥0.96 ≤ 10% ≤5% ≤ 1.7 adopts integrated technology and active frequency conversion resonance technology.

4. Advantages of electronic ballast:

1) energy saving: the power loss of electronic ballast itself is only about 40% of that of inductive ballast, the luminous efficiency of fluorescent lamp will be improved by 20% at a high frequency of about 30KHZ, and the working current is only about 40% of that of inductance, so it can be started at low temperature and low voltage.

2) No stroboscopic: When the lamp works at about 30KHZ, the light is stable, and the human eye can't feel stroboscopic, which is beneficial to protect the eyesight.

3) No noise: it is beneficial to work and study in a quiet environment.

4) The service life of the lamp tube is prolonged: there is no need for an up-converter, the flash will not be repeatedly impacted, the lamp tube will not blacken prematurely, and it will be started once, thus reducing the workload of maintaining and replacing the up-converter and the lamp tube.

5) High power factor reduces reactive power loss, improves the effective utilization rate of power supply equipment capacity and reduces line loss.

Second, the electronic ballast product introduction

Electronic ballasts can be divided into 4 series and 15 varieties:

1, one-to-one, ordinary and light box electronic ballasts are divided into 6 varieties: 20W, 30W and 40W * * *.

2. One-for-two, ordinary and light box electronic ballasts are divided into 6 varieties: 2×20W, 2×30W and 2× 40w * *.

3. Electronic ballasts for ring lamps are divided into two types: 22W and 32w * * *.

4. The ballast of timely germicidal lamp is suitable for 35-60W*** 1 variety.

Note: 20W and 40W are T 10 and T 12 lamps, and 18W and 36W are T8 lamps. So sometimes we say that 20W can also be understood as 18W, and 36W of T8 tube can also be understood as 40W of T 10 and T 12, because their ballasts are universal.

Third, the performance and technology of electronic ballast

1, high power factor, power factor >; 0.9

2. Lumen coefficient >; 95%

3. Working temperature-15℃-+50℃

4, the highest temperature rise of 65438 05℃

5. The working voltage range is 160VAC-240VAC.

6. Product design and processing procedures are strictly in accordance with the quality assurance system of ISO9002. The raw materials are screened layer by layer, and the finished products are finally inspected and aged. Only after passing the inspection can they be put into storage.

Four, the practical occasions of electronic ballast

1, one-to-one and one-to-two special electronic ballasts for light boxes are specially designed for outdoor light boxes and billboards. The advantages are as follows:

1) High safety and insulation performance, good waterproof and moisture-proof performance, and low temperature rise of ballast, which will not affect the yellowing of lamp box cloth or lamp box piece when heated.

2) Convenient:

A, the optical needle can be directly inserted without connecting the installation terminal;

B. A sponge sticker is attached to the bottom of the ballast, which can be used to fix the ballast;

C, equipped with metal buckles, lamps can be fixed without a lamp holder;

D, save the trouble of frequently replacing the upconverter.

2. One-to-one and one-to-two common electronic ballasts are suitable for the installation and replacement of lamps in various common lighting occasions;

3. The electronic ballast of ring lamp is specially designed for ring lamp, and it is suitable to be installed in ceiling lamps, such as lighting in public places such as family balconies, walkways and stairs.

4. The ballast of timely germicidal lamp is specially designed for 35W-60W low-voltage timely germicidal lamp. The downlight equipped with it has long service life (four times that of incandescent lamp), high brightness, constant color temperature and small size, and can be used for general lighting in shops, windows, exhibition halls, jewelry stores, bars, museums, specialty stores and other places or accent lighting in special areas.

Advantages and disadvantages of HID electronic devices and HID inductors;

1, guarantee the life of the lamp: when the traditional copper-iron ballast is aging or deteriorating, the current it provides may be too large, which may easily damage the lamp and shorten the life of the lamp. The price of CDM lamps is quite high, and it is easier to guarantee the life of lamps if electronic ballasts are used. Therefore, as long as there is a record of changing lights within 5000 minutes, it will be more cost-effective for the industry to use electronic mode than traditional mode. 2. Anti-discoloration: If the traditional copper-iron ballast is used, after 2000 hours of use, the color temperature of the metal halide lamp will start to shift, even more than 30% will change color, which will seriously affect the goods in the store. If electronic ballast is used, the color temperature will change within 5% until the end of lamp life. 3. Power saving: Compared with the traditional copper-iron ballast, the electronic ballast can save 10%~20% of the power cost. 4. Light weight: Compared with the traditional copper-iron ballast, the electronic weight is about the traditional 1/3. It is especially suitable for the design of metal halide lamps or track lamps with small wattage of 35w and 20w. Two. The design difference between HID electronic ballast and fluorescent lamp electronic ballast: the lighting frequency of fluorescent lamp electronic ballast and metal halide lamp electronic ballast is more than 20K Hz.

Trilogy of electronic ballast development: analog-hybrid-digital.

Digital electronic ballast is aimed at analog electronic ballast. Electronic ballast is an initial circuit after it appears. Generally speaking, the electronic ballast of analog circuit has simple structure and single function. To meet the requirements of 3C and other standards, the structure of the circuit is complicated, and it is not easy to realize the protection functions such as preheating, starting and cutting off. If we can realize analog electronics with these functions, we will face huge problems of product consistency and reliability, which are not easy to solve. Ordinary analog electronics, which have cost advantages, play a very important role in the marketization process of replacing inductive ballasts with electronic ballasts, and are still the largest variety in the market.

With the development of the market, the requirements of users are getting higher and higher, and the common analog electronic ballast is gradually transformed into digital ballast, so the electronic ballast with mixed digital and analog circuits appears in the market. Hybrid circuits greatly improve the quality requirements of ordinary analog circuits, and can simply meet the performance requirements and reliability requirements of standards. It is also a good transition choice, which can meet some relatively high market demand, but

In order to truly meet the requirements of safety, performance, EMI and EMC, and at the same time realize the requirements of high reliability of products, we must take the road of digital electronic ballast. With its unique high stability, high reliability and high logic, digital circuits can easily meet various requirements specified in the standard, such as wide voltage or even full voltage startup (120-277V), program preheating startup, abnormal state diagnosis and protection, etc. Digital electronic ballast can really meet the requirements of national standards and can be conveniently applied to various occasions.

Although the single cost of digital electronic ballast is higher than that of analog and hybrid electronic ballasts, from the perspective of TOC (total cost = purchase cost+use cost+maintenance cost), the purchase cost of digital electronic ballast is high, but its use cost and maintenance cost are greatly reduced, and finally its total cost (TOC) is much lower than that of analog and hybrid electronic ballasts. Digital electronic ballast has a quality guarantee of up to 5 years (or more than 20000 hours), and at the same time, it has greatly exerted the efficacy and service life of the lamp. It is a product that truly creates value for customers and conforms to the national industrial policy of energy conservation and environmental protection.

Nowadays, digitalization has become an irresistible trend in national life, and no one is holding a brick-like mobile phone (simulator) anymore, although it has made a splash in the past; Miniature MP3 and MP4 have long been hung at the waist, not the tape drive (simulator); Kodak, once a powerful company, also had to introduce digital cameras, although it very much hoped that users would buy its film (analog). The digitalization of household electronic ballasts is also determined by the market and objectively. It will not come fully because of our simple approval, nor will it leave because of our simple rejection. However, as far as the energy-saving and environmental protection experience of advanced countries such as Europe, America and Japan and the lighting industry are concerned, digital electronic ballasts have long been in full swing. Today, with the integration of the world and green products, it is believed that the digitalization of household electronic ballasts will come soon.

Requirements of HID lamp for ballast and selection of working circuit

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HID lamp is a kind of high-pressure discharge lamp, and its "V-A" performance is negative resistance, so it is necessary to connect current limiting devices in the working circuit of the lamp, which is usually called ballast. Most HID lamps work in AC state, and reactor devices are used as ballasts. There are different types of HID lamps. According to the types of lamps and their application requirements, different types of ballast circuits can be configured to achieve the best matching between ballast circuits and lamps. HID lamps commonly used for general lighting include high-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps. High-pressure mercury lamp is the earliest developed light source among HID lamps, with stable product performance and mature ballast circuit. High-pressure sodium lamp and metal halide lamp are high-efficiency and energy-saving new light sources developed in modern times, which require good matching between ballast and lamps to obtain better comprehensive effect.

1 high pressure sodium lamp and ballast

The performance of high-pressure sodium lamp and high-pressure mercury lamp is different. High-pressure sodium lamps contain not only mercury but also sodium. During the lamp operation, sodium and mercury are stored in the cold end of the discharge tube in the form of liquid sodium mercury gas. During the life of high-pressure sodium lamp, the lamp power changes with the change of lamp voltage. This is different from the situation that the high-pressure mercury lamp keeps the lamp voltage relatively stable when the power changes, because the mercury vapor pressure in the lamp is saturated when the high-pressure mercury lamp works. The relationship between lamp voltage and lamp power of high-pressure sodium lamp is caused by excessive sodium mercury gas contained in the discharge tube. During the operation of the lamp, only part of mercury and sodium form vapor pressure, which is reflected in the lamp voltage, which depends on the temperature of the "cold end" of the discharge tube. The change of cold end temperature causes the change of vapor pressure and lamp voltage, which leads to the change of lamp power. In a certain power range, the relationship between lamp voltage and lamp power is approximately linear.

1. 1 characteristic curve of high-pressure sodium lamp

The linear relationship curve between lamp power and lamp voltage of high-pressure sodium lamp is called lamp characteristic curve. For a specific lamp characteristic curve, the lamp voltage and power can be changed by changing the power supply voltage or the impedance of the ballast within a certain range, as shown in figure 1. When the lamp voltage is equal to the design voltage, the lamp power will reach the design target power. Lamps of the same model and power have approximately parallel characteristic curves, as shown in Figure 2. For those lamps with higher lamp voltage, the steepness of the slope of the characteristic curve will decrease.

1.2 ballast characteristic curve of high-pressure sodium lamp

When the high-pressure sodium lamp works continuously under constant input voltage, the changes of lamp voltage and lamp power will follow the characteristic curve of ballast. Figure 3 shows the characteristic curves of two typical ballasts. This curve can be obtained by measuring the lamp voltage and lamp power of a batch of lamps with different characteristic curves, or by increasing the cold end temperature of the discharge tube of the same lamp by external methods to change the lamp voltage and lamp power. When the power supply voltage changes, a set of ballast characteristic curves can be obtained. Fig. 4 shows the influence on the ballast characteristic curve when the rated power supply voltage rises or falls.

1.3 quadrilateral diagram of ballast for high-pressure sodium lamp

There are various factors in the use system of high-pressure sodium lamp, such as the change of power supply voltage, the change of lamp performance with time, the change of reflector efficiency in lamp, the change of use environment and so on. How to adapt the characteristic curve of ballast to these dynamic changes? In the international standard of high-pressure sodium lamp, in the form of boundary diagram, ballast is required to ensure the change of electric performance parameters of the lamp within a certain range during its life and under any dynamic change. As shown in fig. 5, the high-pressure sodium lamp defines a quadrilateral diagram of the ballast characteristic curve.

The upper part of the quadrilateral diagram represents the maximum power limit of the high-pressure sodium lamp. The limit of the maximum power depends on the maximum allowable working temperature of the discharge tube. The maximum power line is usually set at about 20-30% of the rated power of the bulb.

The lower part of the quadrilateral diagram represents the minimum power limit of the high-pressure sodium lamp. Set the minimum power line to ensure that the temperature rise characteristics, working stability, acceptable light output efficiency and light color performance of the bulb can be met. The minimum power line is usually set below 20-30% of the rated power of the lamp.

The minimum lamp voltage line on the left side of the quadrilateral diagram is the lamp characteristic curve of the minimum lamp voltage acceptable to the lamp. The minimum lamp voltage recognized by each specification of high-pressure sodium lamp has been specified in the lamp performance parameter table.

The maximum headlight voltage line on the right side of the quadrilateral represents the lamp characteristic curve when the maximum headlight voltage is allowed. The curve takes into account the maximum headlight voltage that may occur in the lamp, the rise of lamp voltage during the lamp life, the rise of lamp voltage in the sealed lamp and other changing factors. If the lamp voltage exceeds the maximum lamp voltage curve, the ballast will not guarantee the lamp to work stably or continuously.

Therefore, the above quadrilateral diagram can be used as the specification of the working system of high-pressure sodium lamp, which not only includes the requirements for the lamp and ballast, but also considers the influence of other factors. Quadrilateral drawings usually specify the conditions for ballast design, such as:

A) The characteristic curve of ballast should intersect with two lamp voltage lines and remain between the limit lines of lamp power during the lamp life.

B) The ballast shall be designed so that the lamp always works in the quadrangular area under the rated power supply voltage and the lowest or highest allowable power supply voltage.

C) The optimal ballast characteristic curve should enable the lamp to reach the maximum power before the maximum voltage line, and then the lamp power decreases with the increase of lamp voltage, beyond this point. The relatively flat ballast characteristic curve close to the lamp design power line is better than the relatively steep rise and fall characteristic curve.

D) In order to avoid shortening the lamp life or unstable operation, the ballast should be able to keep the lamp away from the voltage characteristics of the headlight on the right side of the quadrilateral diagram.

In the international standard of high-pressure sodium lamps, different specifications of lamps require different quadrilateral diagrams for ballasts. As shown in fig. 6.

The manufacture of high-pressure sodium lamp ballast is not complicated, but often due to the differences in design, technology and selected materials, ballasts produced by different manufacturers of the same high-pressure sodium lamp show different ballast characteristic curves, as shown in Figure 7. Poor quality ballast will cause overload operation or unstable operation of light bulb during use.

Metal halide lamp and ballast

Different types of metal halide lamps are formed in discharge tubes of metal halide lamps. These different types of metal halide lamps not only have obvious differences in the photoelectric performance parameters of the lamps, but also have different requirements on the operation and maintenance of the lamps. Therefore, it is very important to choose the appropriate ballast and related working circuit to give full play to the performance advantages of metal halide lamps.

2. 1 ballast and working circuit of common metal halide lamp

1) inductive reactance ballast (choke)

This is an ordinary ballast, its open circuit voltage is the power supply voltage, and the lamp needs to be started with the help of a trigger. The peak factor of voltage and current in the working circuit is low, which is beneficial to protect the electrode of the discharge tube. The cost of this ballast is low, but its ability to control the fluctuation of lamp power and stabilize lamp performance is poor when the power supply voltage fluctuates greatly.

2) High impedance autotransformer boost ballast (HX automobile)

This ballast is used for low power supply voltage (such as 100 V/ 120 V), or in order to obtain high open circuit voltage, the lamp can be started directly. The peak voltage and current peak factors of the working circuit are high, and the ability to control the stability of lamp performance is poor. Usually, this kind of ballast is rarely used.

3) Constant power autotransformer boost ballast (CWA)

This kind of ballast consists of a series capacitor of a self-coupling transmission leakage booster transformer, which is called a constant power ballast, also known as an advanced peak ballast. The ballast can obtain higher open circuit voltage and the line power factor can reach 90%. Under the condition that the power supply voltage fluctuates greatly, it plays a good role in stabilizing the power of the lamp and maintaining the performance of the lamp. Even if the power supply voltage drops by 30-40%, the lamp can continue to work. However, the current peak factor of the line is high and the cost of the ballast is relatively high.

4) Constant Power Boost Ballast (CWl)

The ballast is composed of series capacitors of magnetic leakage booster transformer, and it is also a constant power ballast. Compared with the CWA ballast mentioned above, it has better functions of stabilizing lamp power and adjusting performance.

5) Adjust the hysteresis ballast.

This ballast is actually a voltage stabilizer, which ensures that the metal halide lamp always works under a stable power supply voltage, so that the lamp can obtain the longest life and the best maintenance of lamp performance parameters. This kind of ballast has high cost, but it is low for the long-term running cost of metal halide lamp lighting.

Fig. 8 is the working circuit diagram of ballast, and table 1 is the comparison of main performance parameters.

2.2 Selection of working circuit of metal halide lamp ballast

At present, the metal halide lamps for general lighting in China are mainly Na-T 1-In, Sc-Na and rare earth metals (Dy, Ho, Tm ...), which have different performance characteristics and need suitable ballasts.

1) sodium-titanium-indium metal halide lamps and ballasts

Na-T 1-In metal halide lamp comes from European manufacturing technology and has excellent starting performance. Using common inductive reactance ballast circuit, the lamp can only be started under the trigger of power supply voltage (220V) and lower peak voltage (≤750V). The photoelectric performance parameters of the lamp are stable, and it has the characteristics of long life (average life is 20000 hours) and high luminous flux maintenance rate. The Na-Tl-In metal halide lamp with improved performance can work with high-pressure mercury lamp ballast or high-pressure sodium lamp ballast of the same power type, and the average life of metal halide lamp can still reach the specified 20000h·h h. In this way, the metal halide lamp can conveniently replace the original high-pressure mercury lamp or high-pressure sodium lamp without replacing the electrical appliances in the original lighting device, which improves the light efficiency and color compared with the former and greatly improves the color rendering performance compared with the latter. The main parameter changes are shown in Table 2.

2) scandium-sodium metal halide lamps and ballasts

Sc-Na metal halide lamp comes from American manufacturing technology. The structure of discharge tube is similar to that of high-pressure mercury lamp. The operation of the lamp does not need a trigger, but relies on the high open circuit voltage of the ballast and the action of the starting electrode. For this kind of metal halide lamp (175- 1500W), CWA ballast circuit is recommended in both American and Chinese national standards, which can improve the stability of the lamp and ensure its long life and good luminous flux maintenance rate. If the Sc-Na metal halide lamp adopts the working circuit of the above Na-T 1-h metal halide lamp, it will not only increase the early failure of the lamp (the trigger will easily damage the starting electrode of the lamp), shorten the average life of the lamp, but also increase the light attenuation of the lamp. As shown in Figure 9, the light attenuation curves of different metal halide lamps with "inductive reactance ballast+trigger" working circuit are shown.

In the CWA circuit of scandium-sodium metal halide lamp, the performance of autotransistor booster ballast plays an important role in the stability of lamp performance. It is required that the minimum maintenance voltage Vss provided by the ballast to the lamp and maintaining the continuous operation of the lamp can reach the following values during the operation of the lamp:

VSS = c 1+C2(OT)-C3(di/dt)( 175- 1000 w)

VSS = Cl+C2(OT)-C3[exp(-0.4 di/dt)]( 1500 w)

Minimum maintenance voltage of Vss ballast for lamp (V)

OT off time when lamp voltage is zero (ms)

Current change rate of di/dt at zero lamp voltage (a/ms)

Cl, C2 and C3 are constants, depending on the specifications of the lamp, as shown in Table 3.

The minimum maintenance Vss can also be found in the documents of American standards or national standards.

3)- pulse start (SC-NA) metal halide lamps and ballasts

For the traditional Sc-Na metal halide lamp, when using CWA circuit, the peak open circuit voltage of 600V is applied to the starting electrode of the discharge tube, which causes a high peak current, which will affect the performance of the lamp. The pulse-start metal halide lamp is improved from two aspects of lamp and ballast, so that the working circuit of lamp and ballast can achieve the best combination and the best comprehensive effect can be obtained.

On the one hand, the structure of the discharge tube is improved, the starting electrode is eliminated, as shown in figure 10b, the chemical formula and manufacturing process are improved, and the starting performance of the lamp is improved, thus improving the performance of the lamp in an all-round way. On the other hand, the working circuit of the ballast is improved, and the trigger is used to start the lamp, so that the open circuit voltage of the ballast can be reduced, that is, the peak voltage and peak current can be reduced. The working temperature of the ballast is correspondingly reduced, which increases the life of the ballast and reduces the maintenance cost. By improving the comprehensive function of lamp and ballast working circuit, the light output of pulse-start metal halide lamp is increased by 25-50%, the luminous flux maintenance rate is increased by 15-25%, and the average life of lamp is also increased by more than 50%.

Table 4 compares the main performance parameters of two kinds of Sc-Na metal halide lamps and ballasts.

Pulse-start metal halide (Sc-Na) lamps can also use CWI's pulse-start circuit and better voltage-stabilizing hysteresis, as shown in figure 12.

4) Low power metal halide lamps and ballasts

There are mainly two types of low-power metal halide lamps: scandium-sodium and rare earth metals (dysprosium, holmium and thulium). The former has high luminous efficiency and long service life, while the latter has good color rendering performance. According to their characteristics, they can be used in different occasions. These two types of lamps all use simple "inductive reactance ballast+trigger" working circuit, and the power supply input end is connected in parallel to compensate the capacitor, thus improving the power factor of the system.

Low-power metal halide lamps can also be equipped with electronic ballasts, most of which work at low frequencies (

5) The latest development of metal halide lamp ballast.

In recent years, both at home and abroad are committed to developing electronic ballasts for medium-power metal halide lamps. The electronic ballast for medium-power and high-frequency metal halide lamps has been successfully developed abroad, and its working frequency is >: 100kHz, which can prevent the acoustic vibration in the discharge tube. Ballast can also achieve a certain range of dimming. After using this electronic ballast, the light output of metal halide lamp can be improved, the light attenuation can be greatly reduced, the life of the lamp can be prolonged, and the comprehensive effect of energy saving is good. ?