Zhengyangmen archway was built in the next four years (1439). Its architectural form is a brick fortress with a tower height of12m. Its doorway is an arch with five volts and five coupons, which opens in the middle of the tower. It is the only open gate among the nine gates in the inner city, dedicated to the dragon car and phoenix. The watchtower is located on the top of the mountain, with double eaves, decorated with gray tiles and green glass. On the upper and lower floors, there are 94 arrow windows in the east, south and west for archery. There are seven watchtowers, 62 meters wide, five in the north, 42 meters wide and 24 meters high, with double doors, with hanging doors in front and iron leaf doors behind.
Zhengyangmen has a tower built on a brick platform, covering an area of 3,047 square meters, with a platform height of 13.2 meters, and a wall with a height of10.2 meters on the north and south edges. There is a ticket gate in the center of the city platform, and there is a thousand-pound brake in the door. The tower is two stories high, with gray tiles and green glass edges, and double eaves and three falling structures. There are doors on all sides of the tower. Seven rooms are wide (4 1m) and three rooms are deep (2 1m). There are cloisters up and down. The building is 36.7m wide,16.5m deep and 27.3m high. The total height of the tower is 42 meters, which is the highest and largest among all the gates in Beijing.
There is an arrow tower in the south of Zhengyangmen Gate Tower, which covers an area of 2 1.47 square meters and is a brick barrier building. The top is inlaid with gray tiles and green glass, and the double eaves rest on the top of the mountain. The Arrow Tower has four floors up and down, with the tower in the south and the fort in the north; Seven rooms on the south side, 62m wide and12m deep; The building is 26 meters high and the Liancheng Tower is 38 meters high. It is also the tallest and largest Arrow Tower in Beijing. There are four layers of arrow holes in the watchtower, each with 13 holes (each with 12 holes in the other eight watchtowers in the inner city), and four layers of arrow holes in the east and west, each with four holes. Zhengyangmen archway has a unique shape and has always been regarded as a symbol of old Beijing.
Between the watchtower and the gatehouse is the urn, which is108m wide and 85m deep. There are two lock towers in the east and west, with ticket gates under them, and there are also thousands of locks on the doors. Usually, the watchtower and the gate below the east gate are closed, and people have to bypass the ticket gate below the west gate. Chongwenmen, formerly known as Wenmingmen, is commonly known as Hadmen and Haidaimen. Chongwenmen is famous for its ironclad fish in Zhenhai Temple, Zuoshou Town, Wengcheng. In addition, Chongwenmen's heavy tax clearance also makes foreign businessmen daunting. "Chongwen armored fish" is famous all over Kyoto. Take a wine cart, and the wine road is outside the city. Most of the fine wines of that year were shipped from Zhuozhou, Hebei and other places, so it is natural to take the south road when entering Beijing. The wine truck is pushed to Zuo 'anmen in the outer city, and then to Chongwenmen to pay taxes. Eighteen hotels have been designated in Chongwenmen to collect and sell wine tax uniformly, commonly known as eighteen hotels. The tax on wine is very heavy. In order to make a living, ordinary small brewing workshops often hang pig urine neck full of wine on their chests at night and secretly climb over the city walls to avoid paying high taxes. This is a bootlegger. It is hard and dangerous to carry illicit liquor. They put their backs on the wall, pushed and scraped the slightly protruding parts of each row of city bricks tightly with their feet and hands, climbed up bit by bit, and tied their bodies with ropes when they arrived in the city. The cruel exploitation of feudal rulers forced the people to struggle for survival. So at that time, Chongwen tax bureau was called the gate of hell.
From the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Chongwen Gate was quite lively, and vendors, large and small, were busy. The moat is clear, there are bridges on the river, boats in the middle reaches of the river, and flowers and trees on both sides. Green willows are facing the wind, and red flowers invite the bright moon, which is beautiful. Later, the moat water gradually silted up, and the Qing government and the warlords of the Republic of China did not redouble their efforts. The scenery of the past is gone forever. The traffic from Chongwenmen to Pantao Palace was changed to riding donkeys; Donkeys know the way, don't walk around, don't need someone to lead them, and will pick up pedestrians at their destination without making mistakes. This situation continued until the eve of liberation. Xuanwu gate was built in the Ming dynasty, formerly known as Shuncheng gate, and renamed Xuanwu gate in the fourth year of orthodoxy. It is one of the south gates of the inner city. The naming of Xuanwu Gate follows the ancient ritual system of "left writing and right martial arts", and the two doors correspond to one writing and one martial arts, which means "Wen Zhi Wu 'an, Jiangshan is always solid". Because of the intention of carrying weapons, the guard school for training the defenders of the city gate is located outside Xuanwu Gate. Confluence area
Xuanwu Gate, called Shuncheng Gate in Yuan Dynasty, was built in the 17th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty when the south wall of Beijing was expanded, and it was named Shuncheng Gate in Yuan Dynasty. In the first year of orthodoxy, the Ming government rebuilt the tower, added an urn, an embrasured watchtower and a gatehouse, and the four-year orthodox project was completed. Zhang Heng's "Ode to Tokyo" was renamed as "Xuanwu Gate" because of its meaning of "martial biography". Xuanwu Gate Tower has five floors and a width of 32.6 meters. Three deep rooms with a depth of 23 meters; The building is 33 meters high; Heavy buildings with double eaves, leaning against mountains, grey pipe tiles, green glazed tiles, trimming. Wengcheng is 83 meters long from north to south and 75 meters wide from east to west; There is a ticket gate on the west wall, and the gatehouse is on it. Above the platform of the south wall of Wengcheng is the Arrow Tower, which is seven stories high and 36 meters wide. The penetration depth is 2 1m, and the connecting platform is 30m high.
Outside the Xuanwu Gate is the Caishikou execution ground, and prison cars often come in and out from this gate, which is called the "dead gate". It is worth remembering that the noon cannon on the urn rings every day and shakes Beijing. Beijingers call it "Xuanwu noon cannon". Take a prison car. Because the execution ground is located in the food market outside Xuanwu Gate. The prisoner has been examined and approved by the Ministry of Punishment, so please behead him. There are three characters engraved on the ceiling of Xuanwu Gate: "It's too late to regret", but it's not too late to regret. It's time to ask questions, and it's not too late to regret. Caishikou is the downtown area of Beijing. People from southern provinces have to cross the Lugou Bridge, enter Guang 'anmen and enter the inner city of Beijing. A long time ago, this was a famous killing place. There is no fixed place for the execution ground at Caishikou. Judges are usually set up in front of merchants or pharmacies in the north of Caishikou Road. At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty who was imprisoned by the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty for four years, was finally killed at Caishikou because he refused to yield. On the execution ground, he solemnly supervised the beheading officer and said, "What I can do for the Song Dynasty is finally finished now", and then he died generously. Tan Sitong, one of the six gentlemen in the Reform Movement of 1898, once shouted his heroic last words here, "Those who are willing to kill thieves are powerless to return to heaven, and die a fair death, and soon they will be quick", which added a chill to this execution ground. Dongzhimen Tower has the same shape as Chaoyangmen Gate, but the regulation is slightly smaller, with five rooms wide 1.5m and three rooms deep15.3m; The building is 34 meters high; Like Xizhimen, the urn has four right angles; 62 meters from east to west and 68 meters from north to south; On the south side of the urn wall, there is a voucher door, and a gatehouse is built on the door. In the early 1920s, the entrance of Dongzhimen Tower was photographed from east to west in an urn. The word "Dongzhimen" inlaid on the forehead of the door is clearly visible; The practice of "five volts and five coupons" at the top of the door is also very clear; Scraggy's stone pavement shows the change of time.
Dongzhimen is located on the west side of Dongzhimen overpass in the East Second Ring Road of Beijing. Originally Chongren Gate, it was the middle gate of the East Wall in Yuan Dynasty. It was renovated in the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368) and in the fourth year of Hongwu (137 1), and in the seventeenth year of Yongle (14 19). In the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1697), a sluice was built outside Dongzhimen to manage the goods entering Beijing. In the third year of Jiaqing (1798), the tower was rebuilt. 19 15, due to the construction of the loop railway, the urn and the gatehouse were demolished, and zigzag brick walkways were built on both sides of the back of the Arrow Tower. The embrasured watchtower was demolished on 1927, leaving only the abutment of the embrasured watchtower, and was demolished on 1958. 1950 opened a gap on the north side of Dongzhimen Gate to facilitate traffic, 1965 demolished Dongzhimen Tower. 1979 overpass is built on the east side of the original site of the city gate, which is an important traffic intersection, with Dongzhimen subway station and Dongzhimen long-distance bus station nearby. Xizhimen is one of the nine ancient city gates in the inner city of Beijing, and it has been an important gateway to the two capitals since the Yuan Dynasty. Xizhimen can be regarded as a famous place in ancient and modern times. The Yuan Dynasty was the seat of Dadoucheng and Yimen, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties was one of the nine inner cities of Shi Jing. This is the biggest door except Zhengyang Gate. In addition, Xizhimen was also the only way for waterwheels to deliver water to the palace from Yuquan Mountain in Ming and Qing Dynasties, so it was called "Watergate".
Xizhimen was built by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu during the Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty (1267) when he built a new city in the northeast of Jindu Old Town. Xizhimen was called Heyimen in Yuan Dynasty, which was the sister gate of Dongzhimen. Liu is the chief designer of Xizhimen, and Guo Shoujing is responsible for the design of water source. It was designed and built according to the ideal layout of Li Zhoukao's Imperial Capital, which was completed in 22 years of Yuan Dynasty. In the winter of the 18th year of Yuan Dynasty (1358), Yuan Shundi ordered the construction of 1 1 crock with city gates, including Heyimen and the suspension bridge of moat outside the city. In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Xu Da led an army to capture Beijing. In order to prevent Beiyuan's counterattack, he ordered Hua Yunlong to renovate and Yimen and its nearby walls. After the reconstruction of Yongle in the seventeenth year, it was renamed Xizhimen. In the first year of Ming Dynasty (1436), Ming Yingzong ordered eunuchs Ruan 'an and others to supervise the repair of Jiumen Pagoda in Shi Jing, which took four years to complete.
During construction, the original urn was pressed under the newly-built urn by using the original doorway of Heyimen. It is recorded in the history books that Xizhimen Tower was destroyed by strong wind in the forty-six years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. Xizhimen Tower and Arrow Tower were overhauled in the 54th year of Qing Qianlong, and the slate road from Xizhimen to the Summer Palace was built in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894). Xizhimen Tower was also repaired. Later, due to the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, it was interrupted before it was completed. Xizhimen Tower, Arrow Tower and Wengcheng 1950 Maintenance. Xizhimen Tower and Arrow Tower were demolished during the construction of the ring subway on 1969. The underground gates of Yuan Dynasty and Yimen Wengcheng were found under the arrow tower, and the road has been built at the original site.
Xizhimen Tower has a base width of 40.9 meters, a top depth of 24 meters, a tower height of 10.75 meters, an inner door height of 8.46 meters and an outer door height of 6.3 meters. The left and right paths inside the platform are 5m wide, five towers wide, the corridor width is 32m, the depth is three, the corridor depth is 15.6m, and the tower height is 32.75m. The urn is square, 62 meters long from east to west and 68 meters wide from north to south. There is a door in the south of the urn, a gatehouse on the door and Guandi Temple in the northeast corner. Chaoyangmen, known as Qihuamen in Yuan Dynasty, is the gate through which all the grain in Jiucang is transported out. Therefore, a string of ears of grain is carved at the entrance of Wengcheng, and the grain truck "Chaoyang ears of grain" is the first person to meet God when transporting from south to north. Chaoyang Gate looks like Chongwen Gate, with five rooms, 3 1.35m wide, 3 rooms deep and 19.2m deep: the building is 32m high; The shape of the Arrow Tower is slightly the same as that of Xuanwu Gate, with seven rooms wide, 32.5 meters wide, three rooms deep and 25 meters deep. In ancient times, it was the main traffic route to Beijing. 19 15 years after the demolition, 1956 was completely demolished, which became the shadow of history. In addition, there is a movie with the same name called Chaoyangmen.
The two doors in the east are called Chaoyangmen and Dongzhimen. Chaoyangmen is the gate of food in and out, and the rations of Beijing people basically come from two places. But now, some old people still call her Qihuamen, and sometimes they are mistakenly called "strange goods door", which is probably why all rare treasures from the south are inferior. Grain truck. Therefore, on the ceiling of Chaoyang Gate, there is a tattoo ear engraved. Grain enters Chaoyangmen and is stored in a nearby granary. Now Chaoyangmen's place names include Mi Lu Warehouse, Maritime Warehouse and New Taicang, all of which were warehouses for storing official grain at that time.
In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1267), Kublai Khan ordered that "a new city be built on the edge of the city, with 60 miles of Fiona Fang ... divided into eleven gates ... the sun on the right in the east will shine, and the sun on the left in the east will shine ..." (Shuntianfu), and the "Qihuamen" located in "East" in this paper is today's Chaoyang Gate.
Compared with later generations, Qihuamen, which was originally built, is inevitably simple, with only towers and rammed earth as building materials. Kyle Poirot's travels can be used as evidence. "(Dadoucheng) is surrounded by earth walls", and he further described the shape of the city wall connected with the city gate. "The root of the domain is ten steps thick, but the higher it is, the thinner it is, and the city head is only three steps thick" (The Travels of Marco Polo), which shows that the shape of the city wall at that time was obviously trapezoidal.
"In the 19th year of Zheng Zheng (1359), the Shenshuo was built in winter, eleven gates in Shi Jing were called, and the urn suspension bridge was built" (Shuntian Mansion Records), and Qihuamen, together with other ten gates, began to develop from a single building to a complex. Ming substituent,
Qihuamen was able to preserve its old name and was repaired many times, the biggest one happened in the Ming Dynasty. The project started in the first month of the second year of Orthodox Education (1437) and was completed in April of the fourth year of Orthodox Education (1439). Nine towers, watchtowers and clay pots were built. After the project, Qihuamen was renamed Chaoyangmen.
Chaoyang Gate was also built many times in Qing Dynasty, but the shape of the gate is still not very special. Swedish writer Xi Long Ren said that the structure of Chaoyangmen Tower is ordinary, and its shape is the same as that of Pingze Gate (now Fuchengmen), but the details are different. The only feature is that the width is larger than other towers, and the data of each size is relatively flat, so the door is slightly larger. Located in the middle of Xicheng District. The Yuan Dynasty was the seat of Pingze Gate, the capital city, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties was one of the nine gates in the inner city of Shi Jing. In the 4th year of Yuan Dynasty (1267), Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu built a new city in the northeast of Jinzhong, which was completed in the 22nd year of Yuan Dynasty. * * * There are city gates 1 1, three west, east and south city walls, two north city walls, and a flat city gate 1 in the middle of the west city wall. Inside the city gate is Pingzemen Street leading to the direction of Oi Palace. There are Xicheng Square, Futian Square, Qing Ji Square and Shengdashou Wan 'an Temple (now Miaoying Temple) on the north side of the street, and Jincheng Square, Xian Yi Square and Anfu Square on the south side of the street.
In the 29th year of Yuan Dynasty (1369), Yuan Shundi ordered the construction of various suspension bridges for city gates and moats, including Pingze Gate. In the Ming Dynasty, Beijing built a city on the basis of Dadoucheng, and the 1 1 gate was changed to 9 gates. Except that the northern end of the West City Wall was shortened by 2.5 kilometers, the Qingming Gate was cancelled, and the southern end was extended by 1 kilometer, the rest remained basically unchanged, and Pingze Gate also used its old name. In the first year of Ming dynasty (1436), nine towers in the inner city were built, which will be completed in the next four years. Pingze Gate was changed to the gate of the government, with towers, gates, watchtowers, urn gates and urn gates, which were higher than the gates of the Yuan Dynasty. The tower is a heavy building with triple eaves, with a trapezoidal base, which is 35. 1 m high together with the tower. The top surface of the base is paved with city bricks, which are connected with the tunnel on the top surface of the city wall. The planning of other turret, urn and urn is similar to Xizhimen. The road in the city has also been renamed Fuchengmen Street, and there are patrol halls and other institutions on the south side of the street. The official road outside the city is an important road to the western hills. The regulation of Beijing city wall in Qing Dynasty mostly followed the regulation of Ming Dynasty.
In the fifty-two years of Qing Qianlong (1787), the city gate and the embrasured watchtower were extensively repaired. Fuchengmen was an important passage for Mentougou to transport coal into the city in Ming and Qing Dynasties, so it was called Coal Gate. In the 1970s, the underground railway around the city was built, and all the towers and nearby city walls were demolished to fill the moat as a road.
Fuchengmen later evolved into the title deed, which generally refers to the vicinity of Fuchengmen Bridge, that is, Fuchengmen South and North Streets, Fuchengmen Inner and Outer Streets. Fusuijing Sub-district Office is in the northeast, Shengfeng Sub-district Office in the southeast and Fuwai Sub-district Office in the west. Among them, the original sites of Fuchengmen South Street and North Street are the inner walls and moats of Beijing. Andingmen, Yuan called it the door. It was built in the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), and the tower was built in the fourth year of Zhengtong (1439). In the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1860), after the fall of Baliqiao in Tongzhou, the British and French allied forces attacked Andingmen first, and then captured Beijing on 10 and 13. 19 15 demolished the urn and sluice building when repairing the ring railway. 1956 demolition of the watchtower. 1969 dismantle the tower.
In order to send troops to win the battle, this level has returned to the door of retreat. Among the nine gates in Kyoto, there are eight Guandi temples built in the urn, and only Andingmen has Zhenwu Temple, which is unique among the gates. Judging from the photos taken by 1924, the building is neat and the layout is exquisite.
"An Ding Zhen Wu" is unique among all schools. The Qing Dynasty implemented the system of dividing the city between the flag and the people in Beijing. The Eight Banners are divided into Manchu Eight Banners, Mongolian Eight Banners and Han Eight Banners. One * * is yellow, white, red, blue, yellow, white, red and blue. After the officers and men of the Eight Banners and their families settled in Beijing, the Qing court ordered the occupation of houses in the inner city for the Banners to live in. Both Han and Hui people who used to live in the inner city moved to the outer city. The inner city is centered on the imperial city and divided into four corners by the Eight Banners-two yellow flags are located in the north: the yellow flag is located in Andingmen and the yellow flag is located in Deshengmen; Two white flags live in the east: the white flag is in Chaoyangmen and the white flag is in Dongzhimen; Two red flags live in the west: the red flag is embedded in Fuchengmen and the red flag is located in Xizhimen; The two blue flags live in the south: the inlaid blue flag lives in Xuanwumen, and the zhenglan flag lives in Chongwenmen.
In fact, Andingmen takes a dung cart, because the vicinity of Ditan used to be the main dung field in Beijing. The reason why chariots return to the city is actually a kind of elegance, just like smelly skin hutong changed to Shoubi Hutong, smelly skin factory changed to Shoubi Hutong, Niuti Hutong changed to Liuti Hutong, and dung factory compound changed to Zhang Fen Courtyard. This is the same meaning. Deshengmen in Beijing was built in the second year of Ming Dynasty (1437), and it was one of the nine gates in the inner city of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was composed of towers, watchtowers, locked towers and Wengcheng. Yuan is the gate of virtue and sending troops to fight. The message is "Desheng".
Since then, the gates and watchtowers have been maintained throughout the ages. 195 1 year. 1980, completely repaired again. 1982, wenbao institute was established and opened to the outside world. 1992 Restoration of Zhenwu Temple in Wengcheng. At present, the exhibition of historical ancient coins has been held on the Arrow Tower for many years.
Deshengmen has been an important transportation hub in Beijing since ancient times. Now Deshengmen is the starting point of Badaling Expressway, connecting northern Beijing; Because there is a subway car factory nearby, Jishuitan subway station has become the earliest subway transfer station in Beijing.
At that time, there was a railway between Deshengmen City Wall and the moat. This railway still vaguely exists in many people's childhood memories, because the train is in the way, sometimes it will delay the bus to kindergarten. The railway should be demolished before the Cultural Revolution, and the city wall should be demolished in the winter of 1969.
The north is basaltic according to the stars. Xuanwu is the main swordsman, so he sends his troops to fight and usually goes out of the city from the north gate. The reason why it was named Deshengmen means "winning by virtue" and "winning by virtue". In case of war, sending troops from Deshengmen and moving troops from Andingmen respectively means "capture the flag" and "peace and stability".
It is an important gateway for the capital to Saibei, and is known as the "military gate". Emperor Yongle's Northern Expedition in the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi's suppression of the rebellion in galdan in the Qing Dynasty, and Emperor Qianlong's suppression of the rebellion in Dazhuo were all successful.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Deshengmen resisted the military invasion from the north and was the most important city defense position in Beijing. The famous Beijing Defence War happened here.
After forty-three years of drought, there was no harvest. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong went to the Ming Tombs and arrived at Deshengmen, where it was snowing heavily. Apart from the hot summer, Emperor Gaozong was very happy. He made a memorial tablet and prayed for snow. There is a monument with a yellow roof, which is higher than the stone carvings of other doors. So it's called "Desheng praying for snow".
There is a gun on the east wall of Deshengmen. However, this gun is not used for fighting, but for telling the time. At noon every day, Deshengmen and Xuanwumen fired guns at the same time, and the people in the city listened to the guns. However, Beijingers call it "Xuanwu Noon Gun" but don't say "Desheng Noon Gun". It is estimated that Xuanwumen always kills people at noon, and someone falls to the ground as soon as the gun rings, which is more famous than the gate of hell. The treasure of Deshengmen Wengcheng should be regarded as a pavilion in the middle. A tall stone tablet stands in the pavilion, engraved with a royal poem written by Emperor Qianlong at the age of 62 (1797). At that time, the emperor's father recalled the eventful years of the past and expressed his lofty sentiments on the word "Desheng".