Not only are there more and more kinds of unique handicrafts, but the technical content of handicrafts in Xinjiang is also improving. 10 At the end of last year, Xinjiang 16 won 8 awards in one fell swoop at the 5th China Arts and Crafts Masters Works and Art Expo.
According to incomplete statistics, up to now, there are more than 2,350 manufacturers and merchants engaged in the production and operation of arts and crafts in Xinjiang, of which 70% are engaged in sales, mainly distributed in Urumqi, Yili, Turpan and Hotan, and the sales in 2004 reached 2.55 billion yuan.
At present, there are many handicraft markets in Xinjiang. Xinjiang International Bazaar, Xinjiang Agile, Xinjiang Erdaoqiao National Crafts Market, Xinjiang Hualing Crafts Market, including Batong Crafts Market in Urumqi, etc.
Xinjiang Carpet Hotan is the hometown of Xinjiang Carpet, also called Oriental Carpet. Its style, pattern and color are full of strong national characteristics and local styles, and it is famous for its superior raw materials, fine texture, dense fluff, thin carpet surface and complex patterns. There are many varieties and colors, mostly symmetrical and neat, with rough lines and strong contrasting colors. There are carpets, tapestries, mats, prayer carpets, mattresses and so on.
Jade Xinjiang jade is an excellent jade group in China, among which Hetian jade is the most famous, especially Hetian jade in Hetian jade is the top grade. White jade is delicate, pure and white, and its color is like sheep fat. Therefore, it is also called suet jade, and the jade carving carved with suet jade is a treasure for export.
Injisha Knife There are four famous knives in Xinjiang, namely, Shamusak Knife in Yili, Injisha Craft Knife, Yanqi Chen Zheng Set Knife and shache Muhammad Knife. Among them, Injisha Knife is the most famous, with exquisite shape, beautiful pattern and sharp cutting edge.
Wearing a flower hat has been a traditional habit of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang for hundreds of years. There are many styles of flower hats in Xinjiang, which are suitable for Uygur, Kazak, Kirgiz and Hui nationalities. They all use traditional methods such as embroidery, flower picking, gold tripping, silver tripping and beading to embroider various patterns by hand.
Musical Instrument Xinjiang is known as the "hometown of singing and dancing", and people of all ethnic groups can sing and dance well. "Qiuci Music" in history is a treasure in China's music treasure house. Shengshi music produced many musical instruments, most of which are Uighurs, and there are more than a dozen musical instruments, which are divided into four categories: plucking, pulling strings, playing pipes and percussion. There are mainly Paizi, Gerwav, Doutard, Kalongqin, Ai Jieke, Sarteur, Huxita, Surna (suona), Dafu (tambourine) and so on. In addition, there are Dongbula of Kazak nationality and Kumuzi of Kirgiz nationality. Most of them are exquisite in workmanship, beautiful and practical, and they are the pearls in the treasure house of China national musical instruments.
Kazakh vest Kazakh vest has strong national characteristics, mainly in black and purple. The chest prefix of the vest is full of colorful buttons, silver ornaments, silver dollars and other decorations, which makes it clang and full of charm. It is the favorite costume of Kazakh girls.
The most famous textiles of Li nationality are Li Jin, Li Lian, Li skirt, hanging bag, headscarf, flower belt and so on. These patterns are natural and abstract. Exquisitely made, some are inlaid with gold and silver wire, mica, shells, beads, copper wire and so on. , bright colors, simple style and rich decoration. Miao's textiles are as beautiful as Li's, especially their batiks, which are simple and implicit, dignified and beautiful, and have their own characteristics. In addition, Li and Miao's ornaments include silverware, bronzes and shellfish, all of which can be used as souvenirs.
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A wonderful flower of China's textile art. It is beautifully made, colorful, full of exaggeration and romance, with exquisite patterns and harmonious colors. Flowers, birds, animals and figures are lifelike, and it has its own national characteristics in spinning, weaving, dyeing and embroidery. Li brocade is mainly embroidered, dyed and flowered, with less embroidery. Dyes are mainly made from wild or domestic plants in mountainous areas. These dyes are brightly colored and do not fade easily. According to their own preferences, Li people everywhere have created various skills of weaving, dyeing and embroidery. For example, the Li nationality in Baisha County has a kind of double-sided colored embroidery, which is exquisite and colorful, unique and has the beauty of "Shuang Mianxiu" in Suzhou.
Straight skirt
It is the favorite dress of Li women and has strong national characteristics. The skirt is a hand-woven skirt. Because the skirt head and skirt feet are equally wide and narrow, seamless and seamless, it looks like a cloth tube, so it is named tube skirt. Skirts can be divided into long tubes and short tubes. Whether it is a long pipe or a short pipe, there are only two kinds of background colors: black and blue. In addition, flowers and birds, insects, animals, figures or geometric patterns are all woven with various colored lines, which are colorful. During the celebration, Li girls wore tube skirts, lined with colorful headscarves and embroidered skirts, singing and dancing. Gorgeous skirt is the crystallization of diligence and wisdom of Li women. From generation to generation, everyone can knit. They only use simple bamboo looms to weave beautiful patterns, but there are no patterns.
Batik and needle embroidery
It is an ancient traditional folk craft of Miao nationality and a favorite ornament of Miao compatriots. In order to make batik, women collect specific plants from the mountains, mash them with other pigments, ferment them into pigment dyes, bleach and dry them several times with simple tools, and then decorate them with white wax, so that batik fabrics of different colors can be made from homespun woven by local textile machines. Miao women in Hainan province also embroider vivid colored lines on batik fabrics and dresses, headscarves, waist cloths and other clothing products cut from batik fabrics. Needle embroidery is exquisite, beautiful and generous, with diverse themes, reflecting local natural scenery, birds and animals and exotic flowers and trees.
silver works
It is the favorite ornament of Miao compatriots in Hainan Province. Children like silver hats, while young girls like silver earrings, flower arrangements and bracelets. The silver ornaments elaborately made by Miao compatriots in Hainan are exquisite in craftsmanship and varied, such as collars and bracelets, which are solid, hollow, carved, cylindrical, hexagonal and angular. Most of the silver ornaments of Miao people in Hainan are specially made by their own silversmiths, which are rich in national traditional characteristics and styles, with exquisite patterns and exquisite craftsmanship.
Hainan handicrafts and tourist souvenirs are unique products made by taking advantage of resources, using local materials and ingenuity. Ocean flavor, local customs and ethnic characteristics, coupled with the influence of excellent handicrafts and souvenirs from abroad and other parts of China, are even more colorful. At present, there are more than ten categories and hundreds of varieties such as coconut carving series products, shell series products, crystal series products, pearl series products and national handicrafts. It is particularly worth mentioning that Hainan is rich in a variety of tropical melons and fruits in four seasons, which makes tourists feast their eyes, and there are many dry seafood products that attract tourists to stop for a long time.
Shopping in Hainan varies from place to place.
As the commercial center of Hainan, Haikou has gathered commodities from all over the island.
There are not many large shopping malls in Haikou, only Lepusheng, Wanghai, Xerox and Shengsheng department stores. However, you can visit the traditional folk market and experience the local customs. Haixiu Avenue is the most prosperous commercial street in Haikou. There are many souvenir shops near Haikou Hotel. Among them, jewelry stores are generally well decorated, mainly selling Nanzhu, Crystal and Tortoise Shell, all of which are Hainan specialties; There are also many local specialty shops, where you can buy Hainan specialties such as Xinglong coffee, pepper, coconut sugar, horn carving and coconut carving. Generally, they are sold directly by manufacturers, so the price will not be very high. Dadongmen market is a distribution center for dried seafood, from which you can bring back red fish and squid that Hainan people like to eat.
Don't forget to go to the fruit wholesale market in Haikou, one is next to Haikou Xingang and the other is Luoniushan fruit wholesale market in the south of Qiuhai Avenue. Mango, pineapple, jackfruit, coconut and carambola in Hainan are delicious, but you can't taste them anywhere else. If you have the courage, try durian, the king of tropical fruits. Although its smell is very exciting, it tastes really delicious!
Sanya is surrounded by the sea on three sides, and there are many gentle beaches, which are very conducive to the accumulation of marine materials. There are very rich specimens of marine life such as shells and conchs. Local craftsmen have made many exquisite handicrafts in the right places. There is also a well-developed pearl breeding industry in Sanya, and the Nanzhu produced is very famous. To the north of Sanya is Yanglan Crystal Mine, which is the best gift for lovers.
Shopping places in Sanya are mainly around Dadonghai, Tianya Haijiao and Jiefang Road in Sanya. The famous ones are Jingrun Pearl, Yanglan Crystal Crafts Factory, Tiandu Nanhai Turtle Shop, Guo Bin Shopping Mall and Tianya Haijiao Shopping Street.
When you arrive in Tongshi, any local specialty shop, any stall or any small village is a good place for you to shop. Most of the items are Li Miao ethnic handicrafts and delicacies. Tunchang crystal is rich in resources, crystal clear and exquisite in craftsmanship, and it is a rare tourist souvenir. Li Miao ethnic handicrafts include Li Miao textiles, root carvings, bamboo carvings, silver ornaments, bronze pieces, shellfish and so on.
The most famous textiles of Li nationality are Li Jin, Li Lian, Li skirt, hanging bag, headscarf, flower belt and so on. These patterns are natural and abstract. Exquisite production, some inlaid with gold and silver wire, mica, shells, beads, copper wire and so on. , bright colors, simple style and rich decoration. Miao textiles are as beautiful as Li textiles, especially their batiks, which are simple and implicit, concise and beautiful, and have their own characteristics.
The east coast is a famous hometown of coconuts, where coconut carvings are sold in the streets and alleys. The east coast is also a famous pearl producing area in China, and the southern pearl produced is an indispensable tribute in feudal times, especially the white butterfly shell. Lingshui New Village is the largest pearl producing area in Hainan, which once cultivated the largest pearl in China. There are many pearl shopping malls here, among which Zhuxiangxuan is the most famous. In addition, handicrafts made by sea creatures such as hawksbill here are also excellent tourist souvenirs.
Cloisonne, cloisonne
One of China's characteristic arts and crafts, it is made of red copper, which is made by kneading copper wires into various patterns, welding them on copper tires, filling them with enamel glaze and then firing them. During the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty, Beijing produced a large number of enamels, most of which were blue, so it was called cloisonne.
Cloisonne, as an artistic handicraft, is made by drawing patterns on the surface of bronze ware with enamel of various colors, embedding copper wires or gold and silver wires around the patterns, and then firing at high temperature. This craft began in Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty, and it was only blue at first, so it was called cloisonne. Although there are various colors now, they still use their previous names. Because cloisonne has become the name of a craft, not a color, it is said that cloisonne is the son of Xuande and attaches great importance to the casting and smelting of bronzes and copper. Jingtai was deeply involved in it when he was young, but in casting, Xuande had reached the extreme and could not make a breakthrough, so he tried to find another way to win by surprise. Finally, cloisonne was created. Because the color planning in advance is extremely painstaking, after success, they also like it very much. The old ornaments of the royal family are all made of cloisonne, and there are countless porcelain materials. During the Chenghua period, they inherited the legacy and did not change it. Therefore, cloisonne artifacts are the most common in Jingtai and Chenghua periods. Later, it experienced Hongzhi, Zhengde, Jiajing, Qin Long and other dynasties. Although they were still fired, they all followed the rules and told false stories, which were not as good as Jingtai and Chenghua years in quality. After Wanli, although it was occasionally popular, it didn't regard setting up an official factory as a routine business as before, so there were few products in the future. It failed to revive in the late Ming Dynasty. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was fired again, with many categories and good results. Although it can't be compared with Jingtai and Chenghua periods, it is not inferior to the products produced after Zheng Hong. Although there are cultural relics from Kang Yong today, they are no different from those made by Qianlong. In fact, it was made in Qianlong, with the year of Kang Yong engraved on it, but it was not made in Kang Yong.
Generally speaking, the copper of cloisonne tires in Ming dynasty is better, mostly copper tires, and the tire body is slightly heavier, so the shape is antique. The main color glaze used to imitate bronze is natural mineral materials with deep and bright colors, such as ruby red and turquoise green. At this time, the silk is thicker and the gilded part is thicker. Most colored glazes have sand holes. There are "Daming Jingtai Year System" or "Jingtai Year System", with both bottom payment and side payment.
Cloisonne craft in Qing dynasty is better than that in Ming dynasty. The tire is thin, the thread is thin, the glass is brighter than that of the Ming Dynasty, and there is no sand hole. The patterns are complex and diverse, but not as vivid as the ornaments of the Ming Dynasty. The gilded part is thin gold, but the gold is beautiful.
During the Republic of China, the overall level of cloisonne was not as good as that of the previous generation, with thin carcass, bright colors and rough workmanship. At this time, there were only "Shenyi" and "Dexingcheng", and the cloisonne made was fine in workmanship and good in quality. Many antique bronzes are imitations, or imitations of fine works and models of Qianlong period are carved. At present, cloisonne has many furnishings and is not practical.
Nowadays, the craft of cloisonne has been greatly improved, and various shapes and patterns have become the best gifts for us to communicate with international friends and relatives.
Cloisonne is a unique handicraft that combines porcelain and copper. To make cloisonne, firstly, we should use copper as a tire, then craftsmen draw pictures on it, then paste patterns on the copper tire with copper wires according to the pictures, and then embed enamel glazes of different colors in the patterns. Finally, it is made by repeated sintering, polishing and gold plating. Cloisonne is not only made of bronze and porcelain, but also integrated with traditional hand-painted and carved techniques, which is a master of China's traditional techniques.
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