The Background and Process of the Rise of Mongolian Empire
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With the grassland weapons becoming more and more advanced, their tribes are killing each other more fiercely, and the aristocratic nature is cruel. This is fully described in the records of Genghis Khan's ancestors. Persistent violent conflicts prevent nomadic people from introducing advanced production technology. Still living by ancient nomadic way, often without food and clothing, in order to compete for food, father and son, brothers kill each other. Abandoning the old, the young, the sick and the disabled has become a common occurrence. According to the Secret History of Mongolia, Doben Morgan, the direct ancestor of Genghis Khan, once asked for a piece of meat in the forest. On his way home, he saw a man from another tribe starving to death. He offered to sell his son to Doben maergen in exchange for the meat. Doben Morgan gave him meat and took the boy home as a slave. It can be seen that nomadic people at that time were often hungry and cold, and sold their sons for a meal. After Doben Morgan's death, the slave and his wife had three children, one of whom was Temujin's direct ancestor.
The descendants of Mongolian nobles appreciate the act of biting off the hands that support them. These "glorious" deeds are used as teaching materials by Mongolian nobles to teach them how to serve future generations and then pass them on to future generations. There may be no shortage of good herders on the grassland, but the moral standards and behavior of those slave owners are no different from those of bandits in civilized society.
In the grassland society at that time, it can be divided into three types: aristocrats, civilians and slaves. In fact, nobles are violent plunderers and oppressors of grasslands. They hardly engage in any production. Survival mainly depends on violence to plunder other people's wealth. Kidnapping others. Kidnapping became giving birth to children. The man they kidnapped was a slave. Although not every resident on the grassland is evil and cruel, the grassland is controlled by these groups that kill, plunder and enslave others by violence. As time went on, almost all the civilian herders were kidnapped and turned into slaves. In order to compete for slaves, the nobles drove slaves out of the pasture and killed each other. Therefore, nomadic people on the grassland have no sense of dignity of civilized society. They don't know that human beings have other ways of life and peaceful coexistence besides slaughter, slavery and enslavement.
The Mongolian Plateau is the region that produces the most horses in the world, and the horses of these nomadic people are used to kill each other. A large number of horses trample on the grassland and destroy the living environment, making every place with grassland a battlefield between different tribes. In the law of the jungle society, there is no kindness and sympathy in people's hearts. In order to compete for a little grassroots, children can be slaughtered.
Nomads' competition for food has been passed down from generation to generation, and Temujin's generation is no exception. Nabler, the ancestor of Genghis Khan III, has always been called Khan. Very high status. There are many ministries, but relatives still don't have enough to eat. When Temujin/Kloc-0 was 0/0 years old, his father was killed by the enemy and his family lost a strong man. So the tribe stopped feeding her mother meat, which led to a quarrel between her mother and the two wives of Anba's children. As a result, their tribe abandoned Genghis Khan's mother and her six young children. An old man persuaded them not to do so, so he was stabbed to death with a spear. This is a common phenomenon in the barbaric and cruel grassland society at that time.
After Genghis Khan's family was abandoned, they were even more hungry and cold. He killed his brother in order to rob a fish. Genghis Khan's family is an aristocrat on the grassland, with a high status, and so are aristocrats, not to mention ordinary people. This environment with low means of survival has developed the barbarity and cruelty of Mongolian nobles into customs and nature. Genghis Khan's mother married a tribal man. Passing by this place, Genghis Khan's father soon found out and immediately asked his two brothers to kill the man. Come back and arrest the crying woman in the tent. Later, Genghis Khan was born. In any society, criminals who kill people are so-called and despised by the mainstream of society. But in nomadic society, this is very common and a way of life. Today, this custom is beautified by some scholars in our country as the word "robbing marriage". Later, Genghis Khan's own wife was also robbed of marriage. This kind of killing each other is worse than the criminal gangs in our modern society. It also surpassed the cruelty of nomadic people in ancient society.
At that time, nomadic people killed their brothers, not only in Genghis Khan tribe, but also in other nomadic tribes.
Nomads have almost no other property except livestock and weapons.
It can be seen from the above phenomenon that Mongolian aristocrats such as Genghis Khan, who grew up in such a society, took the law of the jungle in the animal world as their living standard. In their eyes, other compatriots are not people, but each other's prey. Killing a person is much easier than killing a sheep. When your opponent is strong, if you can't kill him, please curry favor with him with the most humble and obedient attitude and cheat his trust. And then find a chance to kill them. It is natural for them to bite the hand that feeds them. All the deeds they used to educate future generations were a combination of deception and violent slaughter. In fact, this is the secret of Cheng Jisi Khan's self-made, from a Ding Bai to curry favor with the powerful, to borrow the material resources of the Han nationality to dominate the country, and finally to invade civilized areas and slaughter murderers who enslave people all over the world. This can also explain why the Mongolian Empire later caused unprecedented terrible disasters to all countries in the world.
Genghis Khan's unification of Mongolia changed the nature of grassland society. Nomads have always been flexible in ancient wars, and have natural tactical advantages compared with other ethnic groups. Their strength in this field is inferior to that of other nationalities. Nomads have a large number of horses, moving and assembling faster than their hands, and are better at detecting the reality of terrain and opponents. If we can find the weakness of the other side's forces, we can fight more with less. The opponent is powerful (often with a large number of infantry), and they can escape from the attack range of the opponent according to their horses to minimize casualties. Moreover, they can supply other ethnic groups according to *, even if there is nowhere to rob, they can also use horse milk to satisfy their hunger. Unlike the military in civilized areas, which needs logistics supply, the difficulty of supply after local robbery increases the strength gap. Nomads, when the other side is stronger than themselves, will also pretend to fail and escape, lure the enemy deeper and lead the opponent into the distance. Cut off its logistics supply line. Let the opponent lose his fighting power in hunger and hatred. Moreover, nomadic people are skilled in bowing and horses in continuous collective hunting training and cooperate tacitly. The archery range is often much longer than the poorly trained opponent, and it can volley between the two armies, hurting the enemy more than yourself.
But before the Mongol Empire, the traditional way of nomadic joint plunder was in a relatively loose tribal alliance. Leaders have no power to appoint or dissolve tribes. Tribal leaders are all their own children. If a tribe loses too many of its own people in order to jointly plunder civilized areas in the war, it will suffer heavy losses and even face extinction in the future grassland eaters. Therefore, it often happens that tribal leaders cherish the lives of their subordinates and disobey unified orders. This undoubtedly reduces the natural military advantage of nomadic people. After Genghis Khan conquered a tribe, he not only formed an unprecedented alliance, but also immediately dismantled other tribal personnel, regrouped them in units of 10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000, distributed them to his cronies, and became his own private army (timid). And shoot people who can't finish the task. Generals no longer cherish the lives of their soldiers. Mongolian soldiers have no choice but to bravely kill the enemy to survive. This has turned those teams with superb fighting skills who are afraid of death into a crazy beast who only cares about their own life and death and only kills people, greatly improving the combat effectiveness of the army and greatly strengthening the resistance difficulty in civilized areas.
The nature of grassland people who pay attention to plunder instead of production determines that it is impossible for the newly established nation to live and work on its own land. They are like a criminal gang that is temporarily United. If you don't constantly plunder the wealth of other nations, you will soon be divided and kill each other. There have been countless times in the history of nomadic people, without exception. Genghis Khan certainly understood this. In order to get rid of the inner fear of being tricked by his accomplices after the robbery was temporarily successful, he plundered and slaughtered other ethnic groups all his life. Trying to take advantage of the suffering of other peoples to avoid their own disasters. This has brought unprecedented disasters to China and the people of the world. According to some scholars' estimation, the Mongolian army caused the disappearance of 200 million people in the world in the brutal slaughter of conquering other regions.
At the same time, Genghis Khan commanded the war to snatch the flower thorn submodule. The Mongolian army took advantage of the field battle to besiege the Huala submodule army in the city. We are using all kinds of siege techniques from China to attack more and less in some areas, one by one. Finally, it took about three years to conquer the whole territory of the flower thorn submodule. In this process, the Mongolian army carried out systematic genocide in many areas. According to the Persian Zhu Vaini's History of World Conquerors and the famous Iraqi Islamic scholar Ibn-A-Art, almost without exception, Genghis Khan gathered hundreds of men, women and children to be slaughtered by his men. Even cities that surrender without any resistance are doomed to genocide. Even today, it is terrible for Chinese and foreign readers to read all kinds of cruel means they use against innocent people. They cut open the pregnant woman's belly and killed the baby inside. Before the victims died, they tortured and enjoyed in various ways, combining laughter with the victims' pain. They put the heads of the dead into tall pyramids according to the classification of men, women and children to show off their martial arts. They tried their best to destroy all the houses, pollute the water source with rotting corpses, and try to freeze the survivors who escaped or be killed by the plague. In Oxsus, a woman shouted before she was killed that she could give the Mongols jewels and spare her life. As a result, as soon as the Mongols heard that the jewels had been swallowed, they immediately dug out her stomach and took out the jewels. . When Genghis Khan learned about it, he ordered that everyone's stomachs should be cut open in the future to check whether there were jewels inside. They bully their wives and daughters in front of their husbands and fathers. Then kill the bullied women and their male relatives. Take pleasure in watching them suffer. In order to kill all people completely, they often pretend to evacuate, lure hidden survivors out and kill them. In a word, all they did was kill all the aliens except the craftsmen who could help them make weapons. If there are survivors, it is not because they are tolerant, but because they are beyond their power.
The slaughter and plunder in Mongolia did not restore the bustling area on the Silk Road to its original level today. They destroyed the water conservancy system built continuously for 5000 years, turned a large number of oases into deserts, and reduced their economy to the level of 1500 BC. According to the latest research results cited by American historian Paul B. Kern, even now, the cultivated land area in the Middle East has not recovered to 60% before the Mongolian invasion. This kind of destruction includes Xu Liewu's expedition to the Arab world more than 30 years later.
Today, many scholars in China beautify the Mongolian empire, blaming the atrocities of the Mongolian army in the Western Expedition on the killing of the Mongolian caravan by Hua La Zi Mo and insulting the Mongolian emissary. It made "the Mongolian people kindle a raging fire of revenge in their hearts." However, Genghis Khan's looting of Christian people in Russia's Gaojiasuo region and his planned attack on Baghdad have nothing to do with the ragged Muslim king Muhammad. The genocide and crazy plunder of Mongolian troops around the world are due to their barbaric nature, not for revenge at all. The so-called revenge is just the grandiose use that scholars who worship and agree with this barbaric behavior have found for them today.
When Genghis Khan was educating his descendants on his way back from the Western Expedition, he said a famous motto. Rashid, a Persian official of the Mongolian Empire, recorded in his masterpiece Historical Records: "The greatest pleasure in life is to completely kill the enemy, take all their property, watch their loved ones cry, ride their horses and force their wives and daughters." Who are their enemies? All the people in the world who don't want to be slaughtered, plundered and enslaved by them are their enemies and don't want their wives and daughters to be ravaged by them. They aimed at the wealth of Muslims and added butcher knives to Islamic countries. When they focus on China's wealth, they also kill and rob to satisfy their pleasure. What the Mongolian Empire did in the northern, northwestern and Sichuan regions of China in the early and middle period was no different from the heinous crimes committed by Islamic and Christian countries. In ancient books, we can find that they divided China people into 10 or 100 units, distributed them to the army to kill them one by one, and witnessed them destroying heaven and earth and houses, kidnapping and forcing women and children, similar to the records of Muslim countries and Christian countries. It has been recorded at home and abroad that passers-by burst into tears when they saw the scene of the Mongolian Empire Massacre.
How many people don't understand, if these people are still human, how can they do this to those kind and docile ordinary people? Many people don't believe that they will really kill everyone. Civilized societies in the ancient world, like modern people, are used to doing their own jobs in the social division of labor, rather than everyone fighting against Japan. When Persia was brutally invaded by Mongols, a Mongolian soldier could order a large group of Persians to bind each other and kill them obediently. So do the people of China. We can see from the following historical records that it was the heroic resistance of the Chinese nation that forced the Mongolian Empire to change its barbaric genocide policy. Before that, countless ethnic groups with poor resistance in Central Asia and Eastern Europe disappeared silently under the butcher's knife. Modern historians in China describe Genghis Khan and his followers' conquest of the world as promoting the communication between the East and the West and the ethnic integration of China. We need to let all the people in China know what it means for our national integration when those who claim that "all the land covered by blue sky will become Mongolian pastures" are ready to promote national integration again.
However, the real cause of the disaster is the huge gap between the rich and the poor in the grassland in northern China and the people in China in the Central Plains. The nomadic people have the advantage of horses and are unwilling to introduce civilization and engage in production, but constantly plunder the wealth of the people in China in the Central Plains by barbaric means. This process has happened in all ancient civilizations in the world. In fact, before the rise of the Mongolian Empire, the Huaxia nation was the only nation in the ancient civilization of the world that did not completely perish, and it was also the only nation that retained its own language and culture. But in other parts of the world, it is not easy for barbarians to rob, and the gains are not as great as introducing civilization into production. Those savage peoples introduced civilization one after another. In Europe, around the year 1000, all barbaric peoples entered the civilized society. Therefore, the construction of peace of mind, after more than 500 years of civilization accumulation, is like an airplane assembled from parts, and finally entered the stage of rapid development. And the northern grassland of China is the region that produces the most horses in the world. Savage nomads took advantage of this advantage and robbed easily, with great gains. Those cruel robbers not only killed the momentum of grassland civilization development again and again. And continue to destroy China. Huaxia not only spends a lot of manpower and material resources on defense, but also is often hurt by innocents. Although the foundation of its own civilization has led Europe for nearly two thousand years, the development of civilization is constantly accumulated, destroyed, accumulated and destroyed in the slaughter and plunder of nomadic people every once in a while. Even if it started nearly a thousand years ago, it could not be finally assembled into a plane that took off in modern civilization. When the weapons of the world have developed to the point where they are no longer afraid of the advantages of nomadic horses, they have fallen behind other civilizations and been passively beaten. This is a nation full of wisdom. In an extremely bad geomantic omen, it is destined to contribute its wealth to the world, but it sacrifices its helpless fate.