Li Bai: Guan Shanyue >>

A bright moon rises from Qilian Mountain and crosses the vast sea of clouds. The mighty wind blew Wan Li and crossed Yumen Pass. At that time, Han soldiers pointed at the mountain road, and Tubo coveted the vast territory of Qinghai. This is a land of wars in past dynasties, and few soldiers can survive. The garrison soldier looked at the remote border town, and his hometown could not help but look sad. The soldier's wife looked at the tower and lamented when she would see her relatives far away.

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The towering Tianshan Mountains, the vast sea of clouds, a bright moon pouring silver. The mighty Changfeng, after several Wan Li mountain passes, came to the border where the garrison soldiers were stationed. Emperor Gaozu sent troops to Deng Bai for Xiongnu, and Tubo coveted a large area of rivers and mountains in Qinghai. In these places where people have fought for generations, few people are lucky to be alive. The soldiers guarding the border look up at the border town and feel homesick. On this bright night, the wife of Huaifu, who is looking at the moon on the high building, is also sighing frequently. When will you come back, distant relatives?

To annotate ...

Guan Shanyue: the title of Yuefu Hengchui Song. Deng Bai: Today there is a Deng Bai in the east of Datong. Liu Bang, the emperor gaozu of Han Dynasty, led an army against Xiongnu and was besieged for seven days. (1) Guan Shanyue: Ancient Yuefu poems, expressing feelings of parting and sadness. ② Tianshan Mountain: refers to Qilian Mountain, located at the junction of Qinghai and Gansu provinces. ③ Yumenguan: In the west of Dunhuang, Gansu, it is the main road leading to the western regions in ancient times. ④ Baden: Deng Baishan, in the northeast of Datong City today. Xiongnu once besieged Liu Bang here. Hu: This refers to Tubo. Peep: Have intention. ⑤ Garrison: refers to soldiers guarding the border. 6. Tall buildings: In ancient poetry, tall buildings are often called boudoir, referring to the wives of soldiers guarding the border.

Writing background

The national strength of the Tang Dynasty was strong, but the frontier dust was never removed. This poem by Li Bai is lamenting the bitterness of soldiers fighting and the sadness of thinking about women in the rear.

Brief introduction of the author

Li Bai (70 1~762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman and his ancestral home is in Longxi (now Qin Andong, Gansu) Ji Cheng. There are different opinions about Li Bai's birthplace, and there are roughly two kinds of opinions. First, Li Bai was born in Broken Leaf City in the Western Regions of Central Asia (near tokmak, east of Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan). Li Bai was about five years old, and his family moved to Mian Changlong (now Jiangyou, Sichuan). Secondly, Li Bai was born in Qinglian Township, Changlong County, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province). When Tianbao first entered Chang 'an, He Zhangzhi met him and called him a fallen fairy. He was recommended to Tang Xuanzong to write to Hanlin. After wandering the Jianghu, Wang Yong hired Li Lin as his assistant. He rose up and was defeated, and sat in Yelang (now Guizhou Province) in exile for nothing. He was pardoned on the way. When he arrived in Dangtu, he lived in Lee, and only a few people died. He is a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, including Li Taibai. Li Bai's lyrics are legendary in the Song Dynasty (such as Shan Ye in Xiangtan written by Wen Ying). Judging from Cui's Jiao Fang Ji and Dunhuang documents circulating today, Tang Kaiyuan has a tune. However, it is difficult to determine whether this chapter is too white.

Li Bai: Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain

The birds flew without a trace, leaving the lonely clouds free and unfettered. You look at me, I look at you, and there are only my eyes and Jingting Mountain's eyes.

Annotation of works

(1) Jingting Mountain: In the north of Xuancheng County, Anhui Province. "Yuanhe County Records" records: "It is ten miles north of Xuancheng County. There are Song Wanting and Tiger Peeping Springs in the mountains. " "Jiangnan Tongzhi" Volume 16 Ningguo Mansion: "Jingting Mountain is ten miles north of the mansion. Fu Zhiyun: It is said in ancient times that there are picturesque scenery in the east, ten thousand buildings in the east, cities in the south and sails in the tobacco market. " (2) Exhausted: no longer. (3) Lonely Cloud: Tao Yuanming's poem "On the Poor" has a sentence "Lonely Cloud and Solitude". Zhu Jian's note: "I sit alone, birds fly away, and some people are ruthless and don't date each other." The unique mountain of Jingting looks like this, but it doesn't hate each other. " Leisure: It describes traveling everywhere and being carefree. (4) disgust: satisfaction. [ 1][2]

Translation of works

Birds fly without a trace, and lonely clouds floating in the sky don't want to stay and drift away slowly. Only I looked at the high Jingting Mountain, and Jingting Mountain looked at me silently. None of us will be satisfied. Who can understand my lonely mood at this time, only this tall Jingting Mountain. [ 1]

Jingting Mountain, located in Xuanzhou (now Xuancheng, Anhui), is a famous county in the south of the Yangtze River since the Six Dynasties. Great poets such as Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao once served as satrap here. Li Bai visited Xuancheng seven times in his life. This five-line poem was written when he visited Xuanzhou in the autumn of 753 (the twelfth year of Tianbao). It is written when Li Bai left Chang 'an and came to Xuancheng after ten years of wandering. The long-term wandering life made Li Bai taste the bitterness of the world and see through the coldness of the world, thus deepening his dissatisfaction with reality and increasing his sense of loneliness. However, his arrogance and stubbornness remain the same as before. During this period, he wrote a lot of poems to relieve his depression by wandering around immortals and drinking, and also wrote a lot of poems to express his feelings and feelings. [2]

The first two sentences, "Birds fly high, and the lonely clouds go to leisure alone", seem to write the scene in front of them, but in fact they write all the sad feelings: several birds fly high in the sky until they disappear without a trace; There is still a white cloud in the vast sky, but I don't want to stay and drift away slowly, as if everything in the world is rejecting poets. The words "exhausted" and "doing nothing" lead readers to a realm of "peace": it seems that after eliminating the noise of a mountain bird, it feels particularly peaceful; After the thick rolling clouds disappeared, I felt particularly quiet. So these two sentences are written as "dynamic" to see "static", and "static" is defined by "dynamic". This "quietness" reflects the loneliness and loneliness of the poet's mind. This vivid writing can give readers association, and imply that the poet has been visiting Jingting Mountain for a long time, outlining his image of "sitting alone" and paving the way for the next couplet "never tired of looking at each other". The images of these two sentences are juxtaposed in the form of "the stars arch the moon". The central word "bird" in the previous sentence is the central image, and the word "fly" is added to form a compound image, which strengthens the dynamic expression meaning. Birds can remind readers of the quiet and peaceful scene in the mountains. Birds are singing euphemistically in the empty mountains, which makes them interesting. At present, birds fly high and get farther and farther away from people. The word "Gao" has played a role in expanding space. Looking up, in the empty blue sky, birds are flying away until they are out of sight. The word "gold" enhances the expressive force of this sentence and shows Li Bai's melancholy at this time. The last sentence "cloud" is the central word, which is compounded with "go", and the silent cloud is drifting away. And clouds are not all over the sky, just "solitary clouds" without companions, just drifting away leisurely and slowly. The poet used "leisure" to write the state of the solitary cloud, highlighting the process of leaving, so that readers can feel the poet's inner pain and helplessness when they taste the state of the solitary cloud leaving. The words "exhausted" and "doing nothing" lead readers to a realm of "peace": it seems that after eliminating the noise of a mountain bird, it feels particularly peaceful; I feel very quiet after the thin clouds disperse. They all seem to be spiritual, unwilling to associate with poets, leaving only a vast space, where poets are more lonely and small. In fact, there are countless birds in the mountains, and clouds will not float into the sky. In the poem, all the birds and lonely clouds leave the poet, which is the result of the poet's emotional projection and the boundless space for the poet to express his lonely feelings. This vivid writing can remind readers that Li Bai has been sitting there for some time. He watched the birds and lonely clouds fly away gradually, and all the birds and lonely clouds left Jingting Mountain. Only he is still sitting there enjoying it, sketching his image of "sitting alone" and paving the way for the next couplet "Never tire of looking at each other". Three or four sentences, "Never tire of seeing it, only Jingting Mountain", personify Jingting Mountain in a romantic way. Although the bird flew away, the poet didn't go back, and he didn't want to go back. He stared at the quiet and beautiful Jingting Mountain for a long time and felt that Jingting Mountain seemed to be looking at himself affectionately. There is no need to say anything between them, and they have reached emotional communication. "Never tire of looking at each other" expresses the deep feelings between the poet and Jingting Mountain. "Xiang" and "Liang" are synonymous, which closely connects the poet with Jingting Mountain and shows strong feelings. At the same time, Looking at each other also points out that at this moment, only the lonely scene of "mountain" and "me" is as important as the word "two", and the interdependence between mountains and people arises spontaneously. The word "only" in the conclusion is also tempered, which highlights the poet's love for Jingting Mountain. "It's enough to have a bosom friend in life", and the bird flying away is nothing to the poet. The artistic conception created by these two poems is still "quiet". On the surface, it is written that the poet looks at Jingting Mountain with deep affection. In fact, the more poets write about the "sentimentality" of mountains, the more they show people's "ruthlessness"; And his lonely and desolate situation is revealed in this quiet scene. The moving images of "birds" and "lonely clouds" are opposite to the static images of "Jingting Mountain". There is only quantitative change in the dimensions of time and space, but qualitative change in the psychological dimension: literati with ideals and talents who are suppressed by politics are often particularly sensitive to "passing away" and "dissipation", with short personnel and eternal universe. The poet introduced the eternal mountain as his confidant, probably because he had no choice but to do it after Chang 'an was invisible. Even if Chang 'an attracts him, he doesn't know whether he will follow the "birds flying high". In the poet's pen, Jingting Mountain has no beautiful mountains, no beautiful streams and no beautiful bridges. It is not that there is nothing to write about Jingting Mountain, because Jingting Mountain "faces Wanxi in the east and the city in the south, sailing in the vast market with picturesque scenery". From the perspective of poetry, it is impossible to know the position of the poet relative to the mountain, perhaps at the top of the mountain or in the open area, but these are not important. The purpose of writing this poem is not to praise the scenery, nor to express feelings through the scenery, but to express inner helplessness through the quiet scenery here. The poet found solace in the anthropomorphic Jingting Mountain and seemed to feel less lonely. However, it is here that the poet's inner loneliness is more prominent. The deep loneliness in the world and the tragic atmosphere of the poet's life are full of the whole poem. The whole poem seems to be full of scenery, but it has no emotion. But because the scenery is composed of emotion, every sentence is emotion, just like Wang Fuzhi said, "There is a scene in love, and there is love in the scene." Shen Deqian commented in "Tang Poetry": "preach the god of sitting alone."

Li Bai sees Lushan Waterfall.

Look at the Lushan Waterfall, one of which climbs the incense burner peak in the west and the waterfall water in the south. The suspended flow is 300 feet, and the gully is dozens of miles.

Wanglushan Waterfall (2)

Like lightning flying, like Bai Hong looming. At first, the river fell and was half scattered in the sky. Look up at the situation, turn male, strong and good. The sea breeze keeps blowing and the moonlight is still empty. Shoot in the air and wash the blue wall left and right. Flying beads scatter light clouds, and foam boils dome stones. I like famous mountains, and so do I. Wash your face no matter what you wash. And harmonious and accommodating, always willing to die. Looking at the second day of Lushan Waterfall, the incense burner gives birth to purple smoke, and looking at the waterfall in Qianchuan. On the high cliff, it seems to be thousands of feet high, which makes people think that the Milky Way has fallen from heaven to earth. [ 1]

Lushan Mountain: One of the famous mountains in China, located in the Poyang Lake basin in the north of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, and Lushan District of Jiujiang City. Incense burner: incense burner peak, located in the northwest of Lushan Mountain, is named after its shape like incense burner and dense clouds on the mountain. Purple smoke: refers to clouds and water vapor that appear purple under sunlight. Seen from a distance. Chuan: A river, here refers to a waterfall. Naoki: Naoki thousands of feet: Describing the height of the mountain is exaggerated, not true. Doubt: Doubt Galaxy: also known as Tianhe. The ancients called it a banded cluster of galaxies. Nine days: the ancients thought that the sky was nine times heavy, and nine days was the highest level of the sky, which means extremely high sky here. Seen from a distance.

Jueju originated in Han Dynasty, formed in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and flourished in Tang Dynasty. At that time, there were four sentences and one song, which were called "joint sentences" "Wen Xin Diao Long Shi Ming" said that "the rhyme is redundant". Tang and Song Dynasties were the golden age of China's classical poetry, and quatrains were popular all over the world, and their creation was prosperous. The famous Zhang Jiashi is as beautiful as a group of flowers, which is unprecedented. Quatrains, also known as quatrains, truncated sentences and punctuated sentences, all mean short truncation. According to the interpretation of The Origin of Poetry, quatrains mean "cutting off sentences", that is, cutting off four lines of metrical poems, or cutting off the first two lines, or cutting off the first two lines or the last two lines, or cutting off the middle two lines. Another way of saying it is from "five words short ancient, seven words short song". Tang people endowed it with temperament, made it stereotyped and became a quatrain. Each song has four quatrains, usually five or seven. Known as the five wonders, seven wonders, and occasionally six wonders. There are two types of quatrains: quatrains and archaic styles. Law came into being after the rise of metrical poems, and ancient laws came before metrical poems. Xu Ling, editor-in-chief of Chen Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, is known as the "ancient quatrains". However, although this quatrain rhymes, it is relatively free, or it can be said that some poets are unwilling to be bound by meter. After the popularization of law, ancient quatrains are still in use and development. There are too many five-character poems and too few seven-character poems. Rhyme, like rhyme, is based on the fluency of rhyme, and the emphasis is on persistence.

Among these two poems, the second one is widely circulated, and its poetic meaning is that the incense burner peak under the sun produces purple smoke. From a distance, the waterfall hangs in front of the mountain like a white horse. The water poured down from a height of 3,000 feet, as if the bright water of the Milky Way had fallen from nine days. An indomitable incense burner, Ran Ran quietly raised clouds of white smoke, ethereal between the blue sky and the green hills, and turned into a purple cloud under the irradiation of the red sun. This not only makes the incense burner peak more beautiful, but also romantic, creating an unusual background for the unusual waterfall. Then the poet turned his eyes to the waterfall on the mountain wall. "Before the waterfall hangs over the river", the first four words are the key points; "Hanging in front of the river" is the first image of "looking", and the waterfall is like a huge white practice hanging high between mountains and rivers. The word "hanging" is wonderful. It turns from dynamic to static, vividly showing the image of a waterfall pouring in Yuanwang. The word "hanging" also contains the poet's praise for the magical power of nature. The third sentence also describes the dynamics of the waterfall. "Flying three thousands of feet", stroke by stroke, every word is forceful. The word "fly" vividly depicts the scene of the waterfall spewing out; "Straight down" not only describes the steep slope of the mountain, but also indicates the urgency of the water flow. The sky is falling and unstoppable. However, the poet was not satisfied enough, and wrote another sentence, "It is suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days". He really wants to fall from the sky and surprise his soul. "Doubt is" is worth pondering. The poet clearly said it in a trance, and the readers know that it is not, but they all think that only in this way can it be more vivid and true. The secret lies in the image that has been bred in the poet's previous description. The towering incense burner peak is hidden in the clouds. Looking at the waterfall in the distance is like flying down from the clouds and falling in the sky, which naturally associates with a galaxy falling from the sky. It can be seen that although the metaphor of "doubt is the milky way for nine days" is strange, it does not appear out of thin air in the poem, but naturally emerges from the portrayal of the image. It is exaggerated and natural, novel and true, thus arousing the whole article and making the whole image more colorful and magnificent. It not only left a deep impression on people, but also gave people room for imagination, showing Li Bai's artistic style of "Wan Li fell, but the trend was still strong at the end". Lushan Mountain is very beautiful, and the waterfall of Xianglu Peak is particularly spectacular. The poet wrote this quatrain with great excitement. With exaggerated metaphor and romantic imagination, the two sentences focus on pen and ink, further depicting the image of the waterfall. Fly is about mountains and high waters, Straight Down is about waterfalls, and Three thousands of feet is about exaggerating the spectacular waterfalls. It can be said that every word is good. The last sentence compares the waterfall to the bright galaxy, which is vivid and appropriate. One of the words "doubt" is straightforward and meaningful. Incense burner refers to the incense burner peak of Lushan Mountain, "in the northwest of Lushan Mountain, its peak is sharp and round, and the smoke clouds gather and disperse, like the shape of Boshan incense burner" (music history "Taiping Universe").

Appreciation of editing this poem

Incense burner refers to the incense burner peak of Lushan Mountain, "in the northwest of Lushan Mountain, its peak is sharp and round, and the smoke clouds gather and disperse, like the shape of Boshan incense burner" (music history "Taiping Universe"). But when it comes to the poet Li Bai's pen, it becomes another scene: an indomitable incense burner, clouds of white smoke rising slowly in Ran Ran, ethereal between the green mountains and the blue sky, and turned into a purple cloud under the irradiation of the red sun. This not only makes the incense burner peak more beautiful, but also romantic, creating an unusual background for the unusual waterfall. Then the poet turned his eyes to the waterfall on the mountain wall. "Before the waterfall hangs over the river", the first four words are the key points; "Hanging in front of the river" is the first image of "looking", and the waterfall is like a huge white practice hanging high between mountains and rivers. The word "hanging" is wonderful, it turns from dynamic to static, and vividly shows the image of the waterfall pouring in Yuanwang. Who can "hang" this giant? "Zhuang Zaifu"! Therefore, the word "hang" also contains the poet's praise for the magical power of nature. The third sentence also describes the dynamics of the waterfall. "Flying three thousands of feet", stroke by stroke, every word is forceful. The word "fly" vividly depicts the scene of the waterfall spewing out; "Straight down" not only describes the steep slope of the mountain, but also indicates the urgency of the water flow. The sky is falling and unstoppable. However, the poet was not satisfied enough, and wrote another sentence, "It is suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days". He really wants to fall from the sky and surprise his soul. "Doubt is" is worth pondering. The poet clearly said it in a trance, and the readers know that it is not, but they all think that only in this way can it be more vivid and true. The secret lies in the image that has been bred in the poet's previous description. Look! The towering incense burner peak is hidden in the clouds. Looking at the waterfall in the distance is like flying down from the clouds and falling in the sky, which naturally associates with a galaxy falling from the sky. It can be seen that although the metaphor of "doubt is the milky way for nine days" is strange, it does not appear out of thin air in the poem, but naturally emerges from the portrayal of the image. It is exaggerated and natural, novel and true, thus arousing the resonance of the whole article, making the whole image more colorful, magnificent and magnificent, which not only left a deep impression on people, but also gave people room for imagination, and showed Li Bai's artistic style of "Wan Li fell, but it was still strong in the end". How beautiful! Wei Qingzhi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "The fifth word of the seven-character poem should ring. ..... the so-called Ringo is committed to the place. " This view seems particularly convincing in this poem. For example, the word "health" not only makes the incense burner peak "alive", but also vaguely shows the scene of smoke rising in Shan Ye. The word "hang" has been mentioned before, and the word "fall" is also wonderful. It vividly depicts the majestic momentum of sudden high altitude and huge flow. It is hard to imagine what this poem would look like if these three words were changed. Xu Ning, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, also wrote a poem "Lushan Waterfall". As the poem says: "Thunder rushes into the river and there is no peace. The ages are like white practice, and the world is broken. " Although the scene is not small, it still gives people a sense of embarrassment, probably because there are waterfalls and waterfalls everywhere. It looks very strong and hard. Although it is a small poem, it still has a strong flavor. Compared with Li Bai's from the inside out, it is real and ethereal, which is a world of difference. No wonder Su Shi said, "The emperor sent the Milky Way to hang down, and there were fallen immortals in ancient times. I don't want to wash bad poems with Xu Ning. " Although the poem "Playing Xu Ning Waterfall" is somewhat extreme, its basic tendency is correct, which shows that Su Shi is not only a famous poet, but also an insightful connoisseur.

Appreciation of editor's famous saying

-"Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days." Lushan Mountain has beautiful scenery, and the waterfall of Luxiangfeng is particularly spectacular. The poet wrote this quatrain with great excitement. The first two sentences roughly describe the spectacular scene of Xianglufeng Waterfall. The first sentence was written by censer peak. In the bright sunshine, the faint water vapor turned into purple fog, giving people a hazy aesthetic feeling. The second sentence describes the waterfall, and the word "hanging" vividly describes the momentum of the waterfall. With exaggerated metaphor and romantic imagination, the two sentences focus on pen and ink, further depicting the image of the waterfall. Fly is about mountains and high waters, Straight Down is about waterfalls, and Three thousands of feet is about exaggerating the spectacular waterfalls. It can be said that every word is good. The last sentence compares the waterfall to the bright galaxy, which is vivid and appropriate. One of the words "doubt" is straightforward and meaningful. [2]?

Du Fu's Wang Yue

What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu .. magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.

Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, birds are flying around in front of my nervous eyes ... trying to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.

To annotate ...

Yue: This refers to Mount Tai, the first of the five mountains, and the other four mountains are Xiyue: Huashan; Beiyue: Hengshan; Nanyue: Hengshan; Zhongyue: Songshan Mountain. Daizong: Mount Tai, also known as Daishan or Daiyue, is located in the north of Tai 'an City, Shandong Province. In ancient times, Mount Tai was the head of the five mountains, and the mountains lived here, so it was also called "Daizong". Emperors of past dynasties held meditation ceremonies, all of which were in this mountain. F: read "fú". Pronunciation words have no practical meaning, emphasizing interrogative tone. Qilu: Ancient Qilu was bounded by Mount Tai, with Qi in the north and Lu in the south. That is Shandong. Originally, it was the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, so the land of Qilu was later called Shandong. Green: Mountain color. Unfinished: endless. Unfinished: it means gloomy mountains, boundless, and it's hard to say anything. Nature: refers to heaven and earth and nature. Zhong: Assemble. Shen Xiu: It refers to the magical and beautiful scenery of Mount Tai. And then what? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. It means that the north and south sides of the mountain, one bright and one dark, are completely different. Yin and Yang: Yin refers to the north of the mountain (water south) and Yang refers to the south of the mountain (water north). Cut: points. Mount Tai is very high, and at the same time, the south of the mountain is different from the north sooner or later. Chest swing: the chest is full of sadness. Ceng Yun: Overlapping clouds. Once, over the "layer". Decision (z √): Decision: Split. Corner of eye Decision: Try to open your eyes. Returning bird: Follow the returning bird with your eyes. Enter: When you are seen, you see it. Will be: ancient spoken language, in the end, it must be. Ling: The board of directors. Small: the intentional use of adjectives means "taking … as small, thinking … as small".

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What is the prestige of Mount Tai? From Qi to Lu, it is green and continuous. Endless. Nature has given you magical beauty between heaven and earth. The south of the mountain is sunny, and the north of the mountain is cool, with different light and shade. Looking at the clouds in the distance, I can't help being open-minded, and I can't keep my eyes open when I look at the returning birds. I am about to climb the top of Mount Tai, and I look up at the low hills.

Edit the appreciation of this paragraph.

There are three poems in Du Fu's Wang Yue, which are about Dongyue (Mount Tai), Nanyue (Hengshan) and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about seeing Mount Tai in the East. In 736 (the 24th year of Kaiyuan), 24-year-old poet Kuang began his wandering life. This poem was written in the northern tour of Qi and Zhao (now Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places). It is the earliest poem of Du Fu, and the lines are filled with Du Fu's youthful vitality. There is not a word "Wang" in the whole poem, and every sentence is about seeing Yue. The distance is from far to near, and the time is from morning till night. Wang Yue thinks about the future and climbs to Yue. The first sentence is "the grandeur of Mount Tai! ? When I first saw Mount Tai, I was so happy that I didn't know how to describe it. My admiration and admiration are very vivid. Dai is another name for Mount Tai. Being the first of the five mountains, he was honored as Daizong. "How is the husband", that is, what is it? In ancient Chinese, the word "fu" was usually used as a function word at the beginning of a sentence. It is a novelty to integrate it into poetry here. Although the word "husband" has no substantive meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "vivid portrayal is being blocked." Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. "is the answer after some imitation. It is neither abstractly saying that Mount Tai is high, nor using the general language of "Cui Bi pricks the sky" as in Xie Lingyun's "Ode to Mount Tai", but it has written its own experience in an ingenious way-in addition to the two great countries in ancient Qilu, Mount Tai can still be seen from a distance, and the height of Mount Tai is set off by distance. Mount Tai is Lu in the south and Qi in the north. This sentence describes the geographical features, and can't be misappropriated when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong's poem "Wang Yuelou in Dengdong County" said: "Qilu is not yet a teenager. Who will inherit Ling Du in the poem? " He put forward this poem in particular, arguing that no one can succeed. The phrase "the creator has given all mysterious natural grace here, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " It describes the magical beauty and lofty image of Mount Tai seen from a close look, which is the footnote of the last sentence "unfinished youth". The word "zhong" is naturally affectionate. Xiangyang in front of the mountain is "Yang" and Xiangyang behind the mountain is "Yin". Because of the height of the mountain, the dusk in the sky is judged to be cut on both sides of the mountain, so it is called "cutting dusk" "Qie" is a very common word, but it is really a "strange adventure" to use it here. It can be seen that the poet Du Fu's writing style of "language is not surprising and never stops" was developed in his youth. "Clouds Wangfu? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. " In two words, it is to write a beautiful hope. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart is also rippling; Because I stared at it for a long time, I felt as if my eyes were going to break. A homing bird refers to a bird that has returned to its nest in the forest. It is already dusk, and the poet is still in sight. It contains the poet's love and praise for the mountains and rivers of the motherland. "Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky." These last two sentences are about the desire to climb Yue arising from looking at Yue. It not only shows the poet's oath to climb Mount Tai, but also writes the author's oath to climb the peak of life. "Hui" is a spoken language in the Tang Dynasty, which means "must". For example, Wang Bo's "Ode to Spring": "It must be a dusty thing, covering the Spring Bamboo Pavilion." Sometimes the word "Hui" is used alone, such as Sun Guangxian's "North Dream": "I will kill this homo erectus one day!" In other words, there are often single users in Du Fu's poems, such as "Old Shu in this life, Qin after death!" It is inaccurate and arrogant to interpret "will" as "should". From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the ambition and spirit of the poet Du Fu who is not afraid of difficulties, dares to climb to the top and overlooks everything. In Qing Dynasty, Pu Yin Long thought that Du Fu's poems "put righteousness first" and said that "Du Fu's soul is beautiful and impressive. Take it as a volume and make it a town. " (Reading Jie) also emphasized the symbolic significance of these two poems. This is exactly the same as Du Fu's "comparing himself with Qi Guo" in politics and "frustrated in Lei Jia and short-sighted in Cao Liu wall" in creation. This poem was praised as a "swan song" by later generations, and carved stone as a monument, standing at the foot of the mountain. There is no "hope" in the full text, but every sentence says "hope". Space from far to near, the first combined transport looks far, the joint transport looks near, the neckline is up and the tail is down.

Du Fu (AD 7 12 ~ AD 770), with beautiful words, called himself Shaoling Night Old, and was also called Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu. Han nationality, a native of Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Zhengzhou), was originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province. Life is hard. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems are called "the history of poetry". He was a great realistic poet in China in the Tang Dynasty, known as a "poet saint" and a world cultural celebrity, and was also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. Du Fu was originally Zuo Shiyi and Yuan Wailang, and later he was called Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. He is good at ancient customs and rhythmic poems, and his styles are diverse, but he is mainly depressed. Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1400 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down through the ages, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems were the most widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty, and he was one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations.