On June 30, 2005, Xuannan Cultural Museum was officially opened to the public, relying on Changchun Temple, the first temple in the Ming Dynasty. From then on, through the all-round contact of vision, hearing and touch, the general public can feel the colorful and profound Xuannan culture.
Xuanwu District of Beijing is the birthplace and capital of Beijing. The long history of more than 3,000 years has created a rich cultural heritage and excellent cultural traditions in Xuanwu District. As early as the important period of the formation of "Beijing culture" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when the inner city centered on the imperial city became a concentrated area of court culture, Xuannan, located in the outer city, became a show of literati culture and street culture.
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial court compiled the Siku Quanshu, and scholars from all over the world gathered in Beijing. Ji Yun and Cheng Jinfang, editors-in-chief of Sikuquanshu, once lived in Xuannan. They exchanged books and discussed knowledge with Liulichang as the center, and initially formed "Xuannan Culture" represented by scholar culture.
With the rise of Xuannan culture, various businesses and entertainment industries came into being, and Dashilan and Tianqiao flourished. In this area, many clubs established by officials and businessmen from other provinces living in Beijing not only attract many businessmen to Xuannan, but also integrate the culture of other provinces into their own characteristics. After years of reproduction, Xuannan culture is popular, elegant and gorgeous, and its cultural characteristics are reflected in some specific cultural series, mainly including traditional commercial culture represented by old shops in Dashilan area, old Beijing folk culture represented by Tianqiao, literati culture represented by Liulichang, opera culture represented by Peking Opera, guild hall mansion culture represented by local guild halls and celebrities' former residences, Hui culture represented by niujie, and altar temple culture with folk gods as its content. As an important part of Beijing culture, Xuannan culture embodies the mass and diversity of keeping pace with the times.
Xuannan Culture Museum, with the theme of Xuannan culture, vividly shows the long history and rich cultural accumulation in Xuannan area. There are eight exhibition halls in the whole museum, namely, Xuannan Tour, Xuannan Shixiang, Yinglie Footprint, Liyuan Scenic Area, Chengnan Paradise, Centennial Prosperity, National Unity, Xuannan Cultural Protection and Development Achievements. In the layout of the exhibition, Xuannan Cultural Museum breaks the simple display of cultural relics, pictures and written materials, and focuses on restoring and creating some typical scenes to show people a cultural spirit.
In Youyou Xuannan Exhibition Hall, the famous historical geographer Hou Renzhi wrote the inscription "Xuannan Monument with a long history, Ji Cheng in Zhou Feng, Zhongdu in Jinjian, the ancient capital of the capital, starting from four places", which summarized the long history and profound cultural heritage of Xuanwu District; In the exhibition hall of Xuannan, from Gu to Liang Qichao, from advocating the reform of smoking ban to starting a newspaper school, the unique cultural phenomenon of Xuannan under the capital of Ming and Qing Dynasties seems to be in sight; In the scenic Liyuan Exhibition Hall, people can not only learn about the process of Beijing Opera's gestation, birth, maturity and development in Xuannan through pictures, but also order favorite traditional plays through the touch computer screen in front of the specially designed opera stage and have a real trick addiction. In the century-old commercial exhibition hall, an "old-fashioned commercial street" looms large, with various zongzi and signboards hanging along the street, supplemented by various traditional handicraft performance models, showing the prosperous commercial and economic scene of Xuannan in that year; In the exhibition hall of Xuannan cultural protection and development achievements, besides displaying a batch of cultural relics collected by the cultural relics department of Xuannan District for many years, the active attempts and fruitful achievements of Xuannan District in cultural research, ancient capital style protection, brand building and cultural industry development are introduced in detail.
The cultural relics and life stories of Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries exhibited in the museum, and the cultural relics and life stories of Mao Zedong and other China producers exhibited in the museum were awarded the plaque of the patriotic education base of Xuannan Cultural Museum.
Compared with the eight exhibition halls, the wide courtyard of Changchun Temple provides another space for the display of Xuannan culture. Among them, a 500-year-old tree in front of the sutra depository has a unique charm here. The surrounding of this ancient tree has become a folk culture leisure space. Through four groups of bronze sculptures reflecting the contents of "playing chess, selling watermelons, pinching people and visiting temple fairs", people can experience the leisure ways of old Beijingers in spring, summer, autumn and winter. In the literati cultural space dominated by the front yard, two groups of sculptures with the themes of "No Smoking Begins in Xuannan" and "Literati's Stories, Visiting Books" are lifelike, forming a unique cultural landscape. According to historical records, there used to be a precious multi-gold infiltration tower in the Sutra Pavilion of Changchun Temple, which is now in the Manjuji Art Museum, but the bottom of the tower remains in the Sutra Pavilion. In the process of restoring Changchun Temple, the cultural relics staff accidentally discovered the stupa tablet of the ritual Buddha, which recorded the details of the stupa. Today, this pagoda stands in front of the Ursa Major Hall, witnessing the vicissitudes of Changchun Temple.
In order to strengthen the overall protection of the ancient capital features in Xuannan and the development and utilization of cultural resources, the Xuanwu District Government issued the Planning Points of the Ancient Capital Features Protection in Xuanwu District in 2002, which clearly stated that the surrounding environment of a number of key cultural relics protection areas such as niujie Baimiao, Tianning Temple, Xiannongtan Temple, Fayuan Temple, Guobao Temple and Changchun Temple should be comprehensively improved, and at the same time, on the basis of repairing cultural relics protection units, according to the principle of "effective protection and rational utilization" In 2002, when the Xuanwu District Government built the municipal road of Changchun Street, it reserved this triangular land with an area of about 20,000 square meters between the old and new roads, including Changchun Temple, and in March 2002, it carried out environmental improvement in this area, and built a new Changchun Garden Leisure Square with an area of 1.4 hectares on the south side of Changchun Temple. On this basis, Xuanwu District Government, together with the Municipal Cultural Relics Bureau, began to comprehensively repair Changchun Temple in early March 2003. After the renovation work was completed, the Xuanwu District Government built Changchun Temple into Xuannan Cultural Museum through display and layout.
Changchun Temple was built in the 20th year of Wanli of Ming Dynasty (1592). It was built on the order of the emperor's mother, Li Taihou, and was given the "Changchun Temple" by the Wanli Emperor, which meant that she hoped her mother would live a long and healthy life. Changchun Temple in Ming Dynasty, because of its royal protection, large scale and flourishing incense, became the "first temple in Beijing". 1927 On April 28th, revolutionary pioneer Li Dazhao was killed by warlords and died here.
According to the person in charge of the Xuanwu District Cultural Committee in Beijing, considering the protection of ancient buildings, Xuannan Cultural Museum will receive visits from social units and the general public in the form of daily free invoices in the future.
Xuannan Culture Museum Hall
Tour Xuannan Exhibition Hall: More than 3,000 years ago, on the small plain of Beijing surrounded by mountains and rivers, our ancestors thrived. The legendary "Traveling to the Capital" was promoted by Zhou Wuwang and Yin Ke's anti-business, and the "Thistle Country" was born, so there was the original capital. Years alternate and generations change, starting from Ji Cheng, and going through Qin and Han Dynasties, Yue Sui and Tang Dynasties, Liao Jin Dynasties, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the history of the ancient capital Jing Shenxiong was interpreted. When we pursue the historical evolution track of Beijing, we should not forget it-You Xuan Nan.
Exhibition hall of Xuannan scholar town: Xuannan scholar culture rose in Ming Dynasty and flourished in Qing Dynasty. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the flag and the people were divided into two parts, and Cheng Nan, the capital, became a place where the Han people lived together. At the peak of the imperial examination, candidates from all provinces gathered in Xuannan. During the years of Kang () and Gan (Long), the subjects of erudition and Ci were added, and Han intellectuals were widely absorbed to compile and edit historical books and explain ancient books. Until the compilation of Sikuquanshu on a large scale, scholars from all over the world went to Beijing and settled in Xuannan. In addition to his official career, he formed a broad and active academic atmosphere and a harmonious literary environment, resulting in the phenomenon of "Xuannan's hometown of scholars" under the capital, which created a unique space for the cultural prosperity of the Qing Dynasty. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, when national events were in danger, a group of thinkers, politicians and people with lofty ideals who were determined to change advocated banning smoking, promoting reform, running newspapers and running education in Xuannan, clamoring for the survival of the nation, and staged a series of tragic historical dramas that shocked the deaf in modern China.
Hero Footprint Exhibition Hall: On this fertile land of Xuannan, many revolutionary pioneers stood in the forefront of the times, explored the road of national rejuvenation, and wrote magnificent poems to save the country and the people and bravely fight against reactionary forces. From Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin to Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, from Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai ... they all left glorious footprints of life and fighting here.
Exhibition Hall of Liyuan Scenic Area: China Opera has a long history after more than 800 years, ranking among the three major classical dramas in the world. From Jin Benyuan, Yuan Zaju to Ming and Qing legends; From the prosperity of Kun (Qu) Yi to the entry of Class Four in Huizhou into Beijing: Peking Opera has an indissoluble bond with Xuannan from its birth to its golden age as a "national quintessence". The 200-year history of Peking Opera has left its mark in Xuannan. On this fertile soil, generations of Peking Opera masters have emerged. Hundreds of famous actors live in the quiet alleys of Xuannan. Many opera classes, represented by Fu Lian, have trained thousands of outstanding actors and supported the Beijing Opera Art Hall for nearly a hundred years. The dotted theaters provide a stage for the prosperity of Beijing opera. Excellent and unique instrumental music, props and clothing industries add luster to Beijing opera performances. The "National Opera Society" promoted the academic research of Peking Opera, and the "Liyuan Fair" condensed the spirit of the whole industry. Xuannan is a well-deserved "hometown of Peking Opera".
South Paradise Exhibition Hall: Shi Jing's folk culture and folk art are colorful. Although the Land Fair, one of the four temple fairs in Beijing, and the Jiangnan City God Temple Fair, which is a journey with images on the back, disappeared in Xuannan, the factory and the overpass still have rhyme. For 200 years, it has become a custom for Beijingers to visit factories and shops during the Spring Festival. Men and women gathered together, jostling shoulder to shoulder, diabolo, windmill, Sugar-Coated Berry accompanied by laughter. There are many amazing stunts on the colorful overpass. Three generations of "Eight Eccentrics" will always be remembered by people. Generations of artistic successors have become masters from here and are admired by people. Factory Dian and Tianqiao are symbols of Beijing folk culture and folk art, and are unique brands of Xuannan culture.
Centennial Exhibition Hall: In the early years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, a "gallery room" was set up to accommodate shops in the prosperous commercial area of Beijing; In Qing Dynasty, Cheng Nan became a place for China people to do business, study and do business in Beijing. From officials to gentry to civilians, the demand for food, clothing, housing and transportation constitutes a huge market. As a result, in Xuannan area, Dashilan, Caishikou, Liulichang, Tianqiao and other business districts with various characteristics and complete categories and a number of industrial commercial streets have gradually formed. Antique jade catering finance has various formats. For hundreds of years, many time-honored brands have enjoyed a worldwide reputation for their unique cultural connotations and honest Confucian merchants, which constitute the beautiful scenery of Xuannan culture.
National Unity Exhibition Hall: niujie is a minority area with a long history in Xuannan. During the Youzhou, Liao and Nanjing periods in the Tang Dynasty, ethnic minorities from the north and the western regions thrived here. After the Yuan Dynasty, more Hui people gathered here. The ancient niujie Temple is famous in the Muslim world for its thousand-year history and magnificent scale. Simple Hui people live and develop in Xuannan land. Unique achievements have been made in the study of religious classics, the popularization of culture and education, the inheritance of traditional medicine and the management of jewelry and jade food snacks. For hundreds of years, niujie's Han, Hui, Mongolian, Uygur, Manchu and other ethnic minorities have lived in harmony, writing a chapter of Xuannan with distinctive cultural colors.
Xuannan Cultural Protection and Development Achievement Exhibition Hall: Since the reform and opening up, Xuannan culture, as an important part of Beijing culture, has attracted wide attention from all walks of life. In 1980s, Xuanwu District Committee and Government advocated the activity of "knowing and loving Xuanwu", which promoted the study of Xuannan culture, and many experts and scholars supported this work with great enthusiasm. The district committee and government actively organized academic discussions, published monographs, formulated long-term plans to promote Xuannan culture and promote coordinated economic and social development, further strengthened the protection of ancient capital features, created cultural tourism brands, prospered the cultural market, promoted the development of cultural industries, and achieved fruitful results.
Sculpture of "Literati Cultural Space"
"Scholars like to tell stories, and they become attached to books": At the time of Kanggan in Qing Dynasty, the book market in Xuannan flourished, with Ciren Temple first and Liulichang later. Countless cultural celebrities look for books in the sea and secrets in the wind gallery, which is an elegant enjoyment and has left many interesting rumors. Cheng Jinfang said, "Ask old books before a cold stand", while Kong lamented after meeting Wang Shizhen that "it is better to look for them in Ci Ren Temple than to sweep the path with a royal car".
"The anti-smoking movement began in Xuannan": During Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty (65438+1920s-1930s), opium was rampant, and its harm became more and more serious. The people are weak and the country is weak, and current affairs are difficult. Inspired by the hardship, the elite scholars in Xuannan rose up and called on the powerful countries to ban smoking. Patriotism and statesmanship are rising in Xuannan. Lin Zexu, Huang Jue Zi, Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan are outstanding representatives. Huang Jue, secretary of the crack hon temple, publicly negotiated peace, and wrote a letter in April of the 18th year of Daoguang, "Strictly Stop Leaking Farming Land" (that is, banning smoking), which urged opium to be strictly prohibited, shocking the ruling and opposition parties and arousing a thousand waves in Hunan and Guangdong. Lin Zexu, Gong Zizhen, Wei Yuan and others all gave their full support. Regardless of personal interests, Lin Zexu urged Daoguang to ban smoking eight times. In the 19th year of Daoguang (1June 3rd, 839), on April 22nd, Lin Zexu destroyed opium in Humen.