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Sapphire in the traditional sense

(Sapphire) Mineralogical name is corundum, chemical.

It is divided into Al2O3, generally indigo and blue.

Light blue or even green, gray blue, etc. Sapphire in a broad sense

A stone refers to anything except rubies.

There is gem-grade corundum. Sapphire in a narrow sense

Stone refers to blue transparency and impurities.

Without it, the gem-level rigidity of the stone will not be affected.

Jed.

The mineralogy and physical properties of sapphire are the same.

Like ordinary corundum, the refractive index is 1.762~

1.770, birefringence 0.008~0. 10, both of them.

It has obvious dichroism, and its density is about.

Between 3.95g/cm3 and 4 4. 10/0g/cm3,

Its hardness is second only to diamond and Mohs hardness.

It's nine.

If gem-grade corundum is being processed

If you cut corundum in the middle, perpendicular to the optical axis, it may come out.

Now there are six radial star lines, showing the starlight effect.

So it is called starlight sapphire. Generating star

The reason for the light effect is that sapphire contains gold.

Redstone silk bag, which is processed into high

Curved surface, under the irradiation of point light source, will

This optical effect occurs. Starlight sapphire

Generally, the prices are relatively expensive. Generally speaking, sapphire

The color of the stone is purple.

Blue, light blue, gray blue, and it.

Its color is sapphire, and its trade names are different.

Not the same; White sapphire, green sapphire

Stone, yellow sapphire, yellow-green sapphire,

Purple sapphire, etc.

The weight of sapphire should be above 0.6 carat,

The best can be smaller. sapphirine

The main exporting countries are Australia, Thailand and Cambodia.

Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India and China.

Country. Australia is the biggest blue in the world.

Gemstone raw materials are produced abroad, accounting for about the world's sapphires.

75% of stone production and 50% of output value, but Australia

Sapphire in Australia is of poor quality. Keshi

Mill is rich in high-quality sapphire, but it is mined quite a lot.

Abnormal, less output. Sri Lanka

It is famous for producing starlight sapphire. World blue

The gem processing center is Thailand. Australia

90% of sapphires are produced in Thailand.

Because Australian sapphire has a high iron content,

And there are dust-like inclusions in it, which is very beautiful.

Dark, usually with dark stripes and green,

Yellow and brown, processed in Thailand.

Do more thermochromic treatment. Cities in China

Most of the sapphires seen on the surface are from China.

The main producing area of sapphire in China is Shandong Chang.

Lexian County, Wenchang County, Hainan Province, Gangouzi District, Heilongjiang Province, including the blue color of Changle County, Shandong Province.

A single gem is 0.3~5g, the largest.

The single grain weight is 7 1g, which is rare at home and abroad.

Mineral owners similar to natural sapphires.

There should be blue cone, kyanite, spinel and tetrahedrite.

Curtain stone, tourmaline, cordierite (aquamarine)

And artificial sapphires. Currently listed.

Unnatural sapphires can be seen everywhere, pretending to be heaven.

However, sapphire is as low as sapphire.

Archival gems pass off as high-grade sapphires and fake treasures.

The phenomenon that stones pass off as natural sapphires. therefore

Must be carefully identified.

Artificial sapphires in the world at present

Has been mass-produced, its chemical composition, physics

Optical properties are almost the same as those of natural sapphire.

The difference is big, using physical and chemical methods and instruments.

It is difficult to distinguish between different tests, but it can be distinguished.

Identification with reference to the following methods: ① Natural

Sapphire has straight lines and parallel hexagons.

Ribbon, artificial sapphire

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Jewelry detection is a curved ribbon or stripe, such as artificial.

Artificial sapphire on white background.

To the naked eye, its curved stripes usually

Obviously, if you put it in the bathtub,

In a translucent white liquid container, and then put it

The container is placed in an enlarged column above the light source.

You can see it from several directions.

A curved belt. (2) Natural sapphire has

"Silk" and "fingerprint" inclusions, and

Synthetic sapphires usually have spherical bubbles.

(3) Natural sapphires have colorful rings.

Color distribution is often uneven, but it is artificially synthesized.

Sapphire color is too uniform, and the interior is lacking.

Less sleepy. (4) Inspection by absorption spectrum.

When tested, the wavelength of natural sapphire is 450μm,

The spectral lines of 460μm and 670μm always have absorption bands, which are strong or weak and synthesize blue.

The above absorption spectrum of gemstones is rather vague. ⑤

Under ultraviolet radiation, natural and synthetic blue

Gemstones may fluoresce, but synthetic

The fluorescence emitted by sapphire is strong and natural.

Sapphire has weak fluorescence. ⑥ polarized light

Measuring the intersection angle of polycrystal under microscope.

The angle of sapphire is 60 degrees, but it is natural.

Sapphire has no such phenomenon. All landowners when through the treasure.

When observing the top of the stone, there are few natural sapphires.

Shows dichroism, while synthetic sapphire shows

Strong dichroism.

Sapphire and similar minerals can be obtained in various ways.

From mineral crystal characteristics to correct areas.

Don't. There is only one gem-grade blue cone mine in the United States.

There are few producing areas and large output, although the color is the same as sapphire.

Stone is similar, but its hardness is smaller, Mohs hardness.

The hardness is only 6-6.5, so the hardness alone

Can be distinguished from sapphire; Natural sapphire

It has birefringence, while spinel is single folded.

Shoot, if red can appear in the blue gem.

Flash, it can be concluded that this blue gem is

Spinel or zoisite; The high hardness of sapphire

Degree, high density and high refractive index can be related to electricity

There is a difference between stone, cordierite and zoisite.

Fake gems in the market, such as sapphires.

It is also common on the court, with sapphires.

Fake gems are usually glass. Glass is amorphous.

Bulk silica, if added during melting.

Cobalt blue glass can be made by adding appropriate amount of cobalt.

The color of cyan is very similar to sapphire.

Pretend. Yes, sapphire is disguised as cobalt blue glass.

Stone fakes are easy to identify and appear under a polarizer.

Full extinction is cobalt blue glass, and the other is made of