2. Hairpins are essential jewelry for Manchu women to comb all kinds of bun. Usually, Manchu women like to decorate their hair with big earlobes, small earlobes, beaded hairpins, sideburns hairpins, crested hairpins and faucet hairpins made of precious materials such as gold, silver, pearl jade, agate and coral. Although there are many kinds of hair clips, the choice should be based on everyone's conditions and identity. For example, before the People's Pass, Fujin in Nurhachi and Fujin and Gege in Baylor used Dongzhu as the best material for making hair accessories. After 200 years, it was gradually replaced by Hepu Pearl Nanzhu.
Compared with pearls, gold and jade are superior materials. In addition, they are made of gold, silver or copper, as well as precious stones, jadeites and coral ivory. They are made into various hairpin ornaments and decorated on the bun, which is much simpler than before. After entering the customs, Manchu women, especially court women, paid more attention to hairpin ornaments because of the influence of Han women's headdresses. For example, in the 16th year of Qianlong (175 1), when Emperor Qianlong celebrated his mother's 60th birthday, only the names of all kinds of hair clips were jaw-dropping, for example, All goes well, Mei Caiying wins the hairpin, Jingfu sleeps in peace, and Riyongqin writes the hairpin. These hair clips are undoubtedly the top grade of materials and production.
Judging from the hairpin ornaments left by empresses in Qing Dynasty, there are two kinds of hairpin. One is a practical hairpin, which is mostly used to fix the bun and head shape. The other is a decorative hairpin, which is made of precious materials with exquisite patterns and is specially used to comb the bun and wear it in an obvious position. Many realistic palace paintings collected in the Forbidden City now depict queens wearing hairpins. From the picture, some of them put the hairpin in the middle of the bun, and some inserted it obliquely at the root of the bun. Empresses' heads are full of jewels, but their hairpins are the best. Therefore, in the Qing Dynasty, empresses and concubines were all made of jade jewelry, and their production techniques were also very particular. It is often the most precious to make a hairpin with a whole piece of jade, coral crystal or ivory. For example, the white jade in the Forbidden City in Beijing is made of a pure suet white jade, and the hairpin is the last stroke of the birth word. Similarly carved jade plate sausage hairpin and coral bat hairpin are excellent works of hairpin decoration. In addition, there are Jin Fu Qian Guan, Magpie Hairpin, Five Bats Shoushou Hairpin and so on. , with its exquisite carving and exquisite and eye-catching. There is also a kind of head hairpin inlaid with various pearls and gems on a gold base, which is mostly composed of a head and a pin, but it still has a sense of wealth and luxury. With the gradual widening of the hairstyle of the empress in Qing Dynasty, the modeling of hairpin ornaments has gradually developed to two extremes. One is that the hairpin head gradually becomes smaller, such as pimple needle, ear-digging spoon and old crow spoon. The other is that the hairpin ornaments are getting bigger and bigger, which are not only suitable for Manchu women to comb two heads and cover a large area, but also gradually evolve into headdresses, flat squares and other big jewelry.
As jewelry, the hair pin is worn on the head, which not only beautifies the bun, but also symbolizes the auspicious words made of the hair pin and the beautiful pursuit of expressing feelings and wishes. As far as the hairpin ornaments left by empresses in Qing dynasty are concerned, the diversity of forms and patterns is beyond the previous generation. A deformed bead "Boy Ping An" hairpin once exhibited in the Treasure Hall is a rare treasure. Hairpin is an exceptionally deformed pearl, about five centimeters long, and looks like a dancing urchin. On the left side of the deformed bead, a sapphire vase is decorated, and several thin red coral branches are inserted in the bottle mouth to set off the word "An". There is a A Jin Ruyi handle behind the urchin, which is connected with the Aquarius into a whole, and the head of Jinleisi Ganoderma lucidum is exposed on the right side of the urchin. Judging from the urchin decoration, it is a boy. When the whole wishful thinking is linked together, it is called "the boy is safe" or "the boy is happy and safe". The moral ethics of feudal society pays attention to the "three cardinal principles and five permanents", that is, the monarch is the minister's cardinal principle, the husband is the wife's cardinal principle and the father is the child's cardinal principle. The emperor's wives and concubines, of course, take the emperor as the key link and want to have more children for the royal family, so that the royal family can have a strong blood line and the imperial power can be passed down forever. The intention of this hairpin is self-evident. However, the facts are not so satisfactory.
6. Manchu women's favorite headdress is velvet flowers, especially when their daughters get married, they must wear red velvet flowers on their heads, which is auspicious. It is said that "velvet flower" in Chinese is similar to "Rong" in Manchu, so wearing velvet flower means prosperity. Manchu women, as long as conditions permit, should wear velvet flowers not only on the wedding day, but also all the year round, seeking homophonic auspiciousness. In particular, seasonal velvet flowers should be worn in order: beginning of spring wears a spring flag, Qingming wears willow branches, Duanyang wears wormwood, Mid-Autumn wears osmanthus, Chongyang wears Cornus officinalis, and winter wears gourd flowers. The headdresses of concubines in the Qing Dynasty, as well as a large number of velvet flowers, silk flower and silk flower, all exist in the world. These flowers are harmonious in color and rich in halo levels, which can be called "confused flowers". It is said that Yang Guifei in the Tang Dynasty had a mole on her temple, and she often wore large flowers on her temple to cover it up. Because flowers wither easily, people developed the color of flowers to make silk flower. This process is constantly developing, and the finer it is, the finer it is. The headdresses made of velvet, silk and silk left over from the Qing Dynasty include white, pink and pink peony flowers, pale yellow, medium yellow and dark yellow chrysanthemums, white, lotus root and snow blue Chinese rose flowers, pink and white plum blossoms, etc. It has lasted for a hundred years and is still glamorous and pleasing to the eye.
7. Hairpins and hairpins have similar uses, and they are both essential jewelry for women's hair. A double-pin or triple-pin hairpin is more firmly fixed on the bun than a hairpin. The ancient hairpin is similar to the hairpin shape, and it is naturally connected by the pin of the hairpin head. For example, Yuyanchai, which was popular in Han Dynasty, is one of them. According to legend, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built the Zhaoling Pavilion, a goddess left a jade hairpin. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave the jade hairpin to his favorite concubine Zhao. Decades later, Zhao Han succeeded to the throne, and all the women in the harem combed their hair in fashion, but they didn't have ideal hairstyles and looked around. Once, the ladies-in-waiting saw that the jade hairpin was not carved or decorated, so they wanted to destroy it and make a new one. But the next day when I opened the hairpin box, I saw a flying swallow soaring into the sky. The beautiful image of swallows taking off and their tails forked greatly inspired the women in the palace, so they made their hair pins into the shape of flying swallows. Swallow's tail is very suitable for being inserted in a bun, so it is named Yanchai. With the wide use of headdresses, headdresses of various textures and shapes appear constantly. The most common one is the phoenix head hairpin, which consists of a hairpin head and a pin. At present, in the Forbidden City in Beijing, there are still women's clothes worn by concubines in the Qing Dynasty. Most of them are divided into two categories, one is that women's hair accessories are exquisite, and the other is that women's hair accessories are plain.
8. Tassel is a favorite jewelry of Manchu women, and its shape is similar to hairpin. However, a few rows of beads hung from the top of the hairpin, swaying with people, much like walking in the eight categories of ancient jewelry. Bead-walking jewelry was first seen in the Han Dynasty, and at first it was only popular with court and aristocratic women in the Han Dynasty. What is shaking step? "Those who step and shake, with gold beads and jade, hang on the hairpin and step and shake it." Buyao belongs to the ritual jewelry of Han Dynasty, and its shape and texture are symbols of rank and status. After the Han Dynasty, Buyao was gradually seen by the people, and only then did it have the opportunity to spread widely in society. Among aristocratic women, there was also a time when a rocking crown was added to the crown. Wearing it on your head is more luxurious than walking.
9. Dongzhu Earrings: The earrings are gold supports, each with three Dongzhu. Empresses and concubines in the Qing Dynasty wore earrings of different grades. The queen in court clothes wore three oriental pearls, while concubines wore a pair of pearls, which were usually casual.
10. Emerald bracelet: It consists of eighteen emerald beads and two tourmaline beads, which are connected with the head of tourmaline Buddha, and are matched with ornaments such as diamonds, rubies, pearls and knots. Bracelets can be worn on your wrist or hung on the buttons of your skirt.
1 1, jade bracelet. Empresses and concubines in the Qing Dynasty wore flat square clothes made of gold, silver, jade, jadeite, hawksbill, carnation, sandalwood, pearls and precious stones. Its exquisite workmanship is rare in the world. For example, gold silk dipped in jade, silver inlaid with precious stones, golden flower jade carving, and so on. On a narrow plane with a square width of only one inch, exquisite and realistic patterns such as flowers, birds, fish, insects, pavilions, melons and fruits can be made.