The geological conditions in Dresden are not suitable for the construction of underground railway, and the tram system Strassenbahn is very important in urban public transportation. Dresden has a huge tram track network, including 12 lines (1/2/3/4/6/7/8/9/10/1/2 Many tracks use separate subgrade with grass planted in the middle to eliminate noise, and some tracks are still located in the middle of streets, especially in inner cities. There is also a CarGoTram in the city, a transparent factory dedicated to the public, which goes through the city to reach its logistics center. The transparent factory is located not far from the city center, adjacent to the largest park in the city. There are also three rail transit lines (S 1/S2/S3) between the city and the suburbs, which are convenient for transfer, such as going to the airport, Maison, Glashü tte and Little Swiss National Park in Saxony.
18 and 19 th century landscape of the Elbe Valley in Dresden, which is 18 km long along the depth of the valley. It is mainly composed of 19 and ancient pastures, palaces, monuments, parks, and villas and gardens with natural scenery in the suburbs in the 20th century. Up to now, some terraces along the river valley are still used for grape cultivation, and some ancient villages still retain the architecture and natural scenery during the industrial revolution. Especially 147m steel bridge (189 1- 1893), overhead railway (1898- 190 1) and ancient ferry (1). Air railway. World Cultural Heritage: Landscape of the Elbe River Basin in Dresden
After 1880, there is an urgent need for a new communication line between Elberfield and Bamen. Because there is no open space on the ground, Eugen Langen, an engineer from Cologne, was adopted to set up a suspended railway on the Elbe River. The construction of this railway began in 1898, and then German Emperor William II personally tested this overhead railway on 1900124 October, and opened it to the public in March190/0. This railway is all-steel structure, and the construction and engineering technology was the most advanced at that time. Today, 65,438+000 years later, this overhead railway is still a unique suspended railway in the world. Germany is renovating this railway, hoping it can run for another 65,438+000 years.
After Auguste III believed in Catholicism, he ordered the construction of a Catholic church. Therefore, the Catholic Church in Dresden was built by Italian architect Gaetano Chiaveri between 1939- 1755. It is the largest baroque Catholic church in Dresden-Saxony, with gorgeous interior decoration, a Rococo sculpture by sculptor balthasar Permercer on the pulpit and a mural by Raphael Meng on the altar. Although this cathedral escaped the wars of 18 and 19 for two centuries, it was doomed in World War II and was razed to the ground. The reconstruction began in 1945 and was completed in 197 1 year. 1980, this cathedral became the bishop's church of Dresden-Maison parish, and this Catholic church on the Elbe River also became a beautiful scenery in Dresden. Dresden, which straddles the banks of the Elbe River, had a glorious time. /kloc-In the 8th century, Augustus, the elector of Saxony and king of Poland, devoted himself to developing this beloved city into the cultural and artistic center of Europe at that time. Under the heavy bombing at the end of World War II, the allied forces almost razed the German city to the ground. Construction, reconstruction and restoration from the ruins left by the war have been going on intermittently for 60 years, and the city has not completely recovered its original appearance.
The Catholic court church not far away is the largest church in Saxony. Numerous heroic statues stand outside this nearly 300-year-old building. The pulpit, altar and organ were designed by different masters. Although Augustus' body was buried in Poland, his heart was preserved in the crypt of the church, which shows his persistent nostalgia for Dresden. The Samba Opera House is one of the masterpieces of Gottfried Semper, an architect of the same name in the19th century. Since the completion of 184 1, the Opera House has been destroyed twice and reopened for the third time in 1985. Wagner, Strauss, Weber and other music giants are frequent visitors to this concert hall.
Dresden has a 10 1 meter-long porcelain mural-the queue map of princes, which traces back to the emperors of Weiting Dynasty. This painting vividly shows the king riding on horseback.
Frauenkirche is the city emblem of Dresden, and the outline of its giant dome has long been an indispensable part of the urban landscape. 1945 During the war, it was impossible to resist the destruction of artillery shells, and Fu Lin Cathedral collapsed more than 200 years after it was built. The ruins left behind are reminiscent of the cruelty of war in the post-war era. The church reconstruction plan was finally launched on 1992, and reopened on June 3, 20051to restore its clergy. During the reconstruction of the church, the bricks left after the bombing were used as much as possible. Therefore, on the wall of the new church, you can still clearly see countless gray-black Shi Zhuan. At the junction of old and new bricks, scars seem to be a series of roads, evoking the ancient creation of Fu Lin Cathedral. Nevertheless, the beautiful lines of the church are still magnificent.
Dresden is called "Florence on the Elbe" because of its cultural and artistic flavor. Whoever has never seen Dresden has never seen beauty. Beauty is completely defined by Dresden. "Culture can have many expressions and definition standards. One is very simple, and that is "Dresden". The city has a large number of magnificent and gorgeous cultural heritage, which makes tourists hold their breath and marvel. Dresden people integrate all this into the beautiful and charming riverside scenery, and the surprise of tourists will soon turn into crazy love for the city.
The word "world-famous" has been abused in many places, but Dresden definitely deserves this adjective. Because there are not only the "three big" places of interest-Zwinger Palace, Sempero and Kilche in Flawn, but also Brewer Treacy, Residenzschloss in Guodu Palace and Erbschler on the hillside of Los Ipswich? Sser), Blase Villenviertel, Hellerauer Gartenstadt, etc. Of course, don't forget the 12 museums that display the national art collections. The center of the city is located on the left bank of the Elbe River, just at the top of a beautiful river bend.
The most qualified building in this city to be labeled as "world-famous" adjective is Zwinger Palace, which is the pinnacle of Baroque architecture. The Church of Our Lady, which emerged from the ruins, is one of the most important Protestant churches. Saxony Opera House, also known as Semper Opera House, is a great Italian Renaissance style building, which is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful opera houses in the world. Brewer platform is called "European balcony". From the park there, you can see the panoramic view of the Elbe River and the new city on the other side. Albertine, the New Meister Art Museum and Sculpture Museum, is another cultural highlight of Dresden. There are also many large museums in the city, such as the Green Dome (Grünes Gew? Lbe) is one of the largest treasure halls in the world; There are also the Turkish Art Museum (Türckische Cammer) and the Master Gallery (Gem? Ldegalerie Alte Meister), etc. The latter has a large collection of art treasures, the most dazzling of which is Raphael's statue of the Virgin of Sixtinische, and visitors will certainly enjoy an unparalleled cultural experience.
In the past 700 years, "music" has also been a major factor in making Dresden "world-famous". This place is not only the Opera House, but also the National Opera House, Philharmonic Orchestra and Dresden Opera House. The chorus and orchestral performance they brought excited the audience. Attractive international celebrations, wonderful theatrical performances and dance performances, as well as the top performances created by Semper Opera House ... Dresden's wonderful programs are uninterrupted all year round. In Dresden, jazz is also a representative of culture, and Dixieland International Music Festival is the largest traditional jazz festival in Europe. The "River Boat Shuffle" has always been the climax of the music festival, when Dixieland Jazz Parade will be held along Prague Avenue (praeger Avenue? E) through the old town. In addition, Dresden's holiday arrangements also include many outdoor activities, such as the Elbe Film Night (Filmn? Chteam elbuffer), Elbhangfest and Elbschl? Concert in the romantic sser park).
Compared with the great traditional cultural heritage, the modern architecture of this city is not inferior. Neue Synagoge and UFA-Kristallpalast, which are designed by Austrian architectural firm Coop Himmmelb (L) Au, are among the best. The main railway station is also one of the important scenic spots. Designer norman foster presided over the reconstruction project of the railway station. He wrapped the ancient steel structure with transparent Teflon film, giving the building a strong sense of modernity. Military History Museum (Milit? Rhistorisches Museum) is also not to be missed. This museum was expanded and rebuilt according to Daniel Libeskind's bold design. "Blaues Wunder Bridge" is the first bridge in Europe without piers. Its design was shocking at that time, and it was also an outstanding engineering and technical work, and the viewing effect was shocking.
If you visit Dresden in1February, you will be greeted by another cultural activity-"Striezelmarkt" Christmas Market. This is the oldest Christmas market in Germany. It first appeared in the Historical Records of 1434, and it is still a happy ocean of lights, colors and incense. Here, you can enjoy sweet red wine, Christmas cookies and hot chestnuts, and feel the grand atmosphere at your fingertips. Of course, you should also taste the special Christmas cake "Christstollen" in Dresden, which is called "Striezel". If you use a word to describe it, it must be-world-famous! Peter's Church in Protestantism: Frauenkirche, converted from the Church of Notre Dame, is regarded as a memorial monument in Protestant church architecture and one of the masterpieces of European Baroque architecture. For more than 250 years, this building was built by architect George B.? Hr) has always been a symbol of wealth and faith of Dresden citizens. Notre Dame Cathedral was built from 1726 to 1743. After 1945 was destroyed by bombing, the devastated ruins became a warning monument for people against the war. Now it is a symbol of reconciliation and peace. In 2005, the church was rebuilt with the attention of the whole world. Beautiful concerts and thoughtful prayers invite visitors to experience the great Notre Dame. The church is free. Gorgeous architecture and sound miracle: Semper Opera House was designed by Gottfried Semper and built at 1838 to 184 1. Semper Opera House is the seat of Dresden National Opera House, and the Royal Opera House and the National Opera House in Saxony have a long history. The orchestra of the Opera House is the historic Dresden Saxony National Orchestra. Exquisite architectural style and excellent sound effects make this theater the pinnacle of opera house architecture in the19th century and one of the most beautiful opera houses in the world. This opera house with the architectural style of the heyday of the Italian Renaissance is magnificent and its interior design is unforgettable. A large number of paintings and ornaments with high artistic value are hung on walls, halls and corridors. Zwinger Palace in Dresden, a gallery of classical masters, is one of the most important post-Baroque buildings in Europe. The crown gate with a gilded dome is one of the city symbols of Dresden. As the venue of palace festivals, Zwinger Palace has kurürstlicheKunstsammlung, a library and a gallery of classical masters (Gem? Ldegalerie Alter Meister), armory (Rüstkammer), ceramic collection (Porzellansammlung), Zoology Museum (Tierkundemuseum) and Mathematisch-Physikalische n Salon. This is one of the most important collections of European paintings from 1350 to 1800 in the world. There are more than 760 works in the museum, including Raphael's The Sistine Madonna, one of the three outstanding figures in the European Renaissance. Visitors can take a nap in the courtyard and enjoy the beautiful fountains and fantastic scenery; In summer, this is a big stage for outdoor activities. Royal Mural Gallery This is a 10 1 meter-long picture of the prince, which is the largest ceramic mural in the world. The wall is inlaid with tiles produced by Mason, which are beautifully hand-made, and * * * uses 27,000 tiles.
The mural traces back to the emperor of the Wettin dynasty in Saxony, and depicts the riding statues of the Prince of Saxony and artists at that time from 1 123 to 1904, with a total of 93 people. Green dome in the golden age (Grünes Gew? Lbe) was once the treasure house of the rulers of Witting-Saxony, with an exhibition area of about 2,000 square meters. It collects all kinds of masterpieces of jewelry and gold making art and attracts thousands of people to visit it every year. However, only1000 tourists can enjoy this exciting time travel every hour-visiting the green dome requires some planning. The green dome ticket is marked with detailed time, and visitors can only enter the tour at the time specified in the ticket. This can avoid the crowd and let all visitors enjoy the treasures of the museum quietly. The Mathematical Physics Salon in Zwinger Palace is one of the oldest exhibitions in the history of science. The Mathematic-Physicalische Salon in Zwinger Palace in Dresden * * has five exhibition themes: Der Kosmos des Fürstendes: about 65,438+0,600 wonderful mechanical objects and mathematical tools are exhibited. Enlightenment tool (Instrumente der Aufkl? Rung): It introduces the history of the museum. Das Universum der Globen: It has a collection of all kinds of globes and celestial globe, and enjoys a worldwide reputation. It tells the history of automatic devices and clocks since the Renaissance. Der Salon im Salon: The study space of Mathematical Physics Salon is reserved here. The Der neue Riesensaal in Dresden is like a large armory, displaying precious weapons, armor and uniforms carefully selected from all over the world. There are 350 exhibits here. Visitors can enjoy many competitive and ceremonial weapons, learn about various ancient competitive sports competitions, and get a glimpse of the glory of the life of the Emperor Elector of Saxony. The whole hall is 57 meters long and 13 meters wide, spacious and bright. Opening hours: Every day except Tuesday, 10:00- 18:00, "Good things come into three": Schloss Albrechtsberg and Lingnall Palace, also known as "dreiElbschl". Sser), located on the slope of the Elbe River in the suburb of Radberger, about 3 kilometers east of the city center. Looking out over the Elbe River, an impressive landscape painting is presented. These three buildings are all built in the front hillside vineyards from 1850 to 186 1, and are embedded in a wide garden with British style. During the day, along the Bautzen country road (Bautzener Landstra? E) After several gates, you can freely enter and leave the third castle on the Elbe River through the gate beside the Elbe River bicycle lane. Art in Garden City: Hellerau Festival Theatre, the first garden city in Germany, was built in191year and designed by architect Heinrich Tesser. Herrerau, a legendary myth, woke up in the birthplace of Bauhaus style. As before, it has become a charming art place outside Dresden, where artistic dreams and attempts are put into practice. Since 2004, it has been the performance venue of the Hellerau Art Europe Center. The center leads the cross-border trend of European art. The programs of the theater cover many fields such as drama, dance, media art, plastic arts, performance and music. Engineering Art in Metropolitan Area: The Blue Miracle Bridge overlooks the Elbe River Valley and the slope of the Elbe River in Svic because of its beautiful scenery. Nge) has always been one of the preferred areas for urban housing. The "Blaues Wunder Bridge" was built at 189 1 893, connecting Los Ipswich and Blacet Witz, and it is the first bridge without piers in Europe. Its steel truss structure was regarded as a technical miracle at that time, and it was named after the iron bridge was painted with sky blue, which was officially called Luo. Experts have been discussing the future of this building for several years, and now people think it can be used at least until 2030. From kern square (k? Rnerplatz), there are two alpine ropeways, one high and one low, leading to the Elbe River hillside (Elbh? Nge). Blue smog and oriental colors: Yeniser used to be a cigarette factory in Dresden. Its name comes from a tobacco city in the Ottoman Empire at that time, and now the city is called Gnisia. 1909, Martin Hammitzsch designed this mosque-style building, which has a dome made of glass and a chimney as a steeple. 1966 when yendez was used as the warehouse building and administrative building of Dresden tobacco comprehensive office building, the colored glass dome was glazed again and adopted a simple tone. In the same year, after the restoration faithful to the original appearance was completed, the building reopened as an office building and the dome restaurant officially opened. German Military History Museum (Milit? The German Bundeswehr Museum in Dresden is the most important historical museum in Europe. Human beings and the causes and consequences of war and violence are the themes of the exhibition here. More than 65,438+00,000 exhibits bring visitors new insights about culture and social history through different positions, perspectives and destinies. The exhibitions here are award-winning, and the museum buildings are designed by star designer Daniel Libeskind, which complement each other. Opening hours: Tuesday to Thursday: 10:00- 18:00, Monday:10: 00-2100. The German Health Museum in Dresden is the most important and creative cultural place in Germany, which is interesting. This traditional building, built in 19 12, has now become a trans-regional center for scientific, technological and cultural exchanges. Besides many special exhibitions worth watching, there will be many activities here, such as lectures, group discussions with celebrities, recitations, conferences and concerts. Opening hours: Tuesday to Sunday: 10:00- 18:00 Today's automobile manufacturing: Munich architect Gunther Heng (Gl? Serne Manufaktur) represents a new era of automobile manufacturing, and it is a model work with bright prospects-smooth, clean, glass and transparent. This representative luxury building is the identity symbol of Saxony and Volkswagen Group, and the breath of the future and the famous Baroque city myth are perfectly integrated in this wonderful garden. Environmental protection-freight trams The freight trams run between the Volkswagen Logistics Center and the factories near the Dresden-Friedrich Stadt railway station, transporting all other parts except the car body. The most "weird" cinema in Germany: "Crystal" Ufa comprehensive cinema The unique "Crystal" Ufa comprehensive cinema (? Kristall "UFA-Palast" was designed by Vienna architectural firm Himmelb(l)au in 1997/98. The glass building of the cinema pointing obliquely to the blue sky is a model of deconstruction architecture, which is in sharp contrast with the buildings built with precast concrete slabs in former East Germany. The facade design itself is a contradictory combination of concrete, steel and glass. The building is decorated with glass and supported by a clearly visible steel skeleton, which perfectly presents the crystal structure, hence the name cinema. The library of Dresden University of Technology was founded in 1556 and officially opened to the public on 1788. In 2002, it was transferred to the new library on Zellesche Avenue, and all the books were concentrated in one place. At present, it has nearly 8.94 million books, ranking first among 384 universities in Germany, and is an important knowledge exchange and book archiving center in Germany and the European Union.
The library has a book museum. The most famous collection is 20 12 ancient Mayan prophecy, one of the three existing versions in the world, and the other two volumes are in Paris, France and Madrid, Spain. The changing new city-Baroque and Fashion District Neustadt is the most dynamic neighborhood in Dresden. Many artists, musicians, balcony greening designers, international reformers and college students from Dresden come from here. There are more than 300 pubs, small dance halls, galleries, studios, music clubs and fashion shops in the romantic "maze" of fashion district, busy alleys and small backyards. "Bunte Republik Neustadt" is a traditional art and cultural festival and one of the most famous urban festivals in Germany. Architecture and shopping experience: the new town market hall is bathed in sunshine, with iron railings, beautifully decorated wrought iron stairs and interesting chandeliers with economic prosperity style-Dongda? Dter Markthalle) makes visitors feel like they are in the market around 1900. After the reconstruction of 1999, the market hall reappears its former glory, and the traditional buildings and modern shopping malls are perfectly integrated on the fourth floor, with infinite charm and fun. Its dome style is unique, and it is known as the most beautiful market hall in Germany and a rare treasure of architectural art; It keeps its function and attraction.