The development of American cultural and creative industries

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First, the recent development of American cultural and creative industries.

Compared with the "creative industries" used in Britain, the United States adopts the classification method of "copyright industries". According to this new classification method, almost all the 13 cultural and creative industries referred to by Britain are included in the copyright industries referred to by the United States.

As early as 1990, the American International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA) has used the concept of "copyright industry" to calculate the contribution of this particular industry to the overall American economy.

During the period of 1990, IIPA first investigated the influence of industries related to copyright protection on the economy and their position in trade, and for the first time grouped different components of the copyright industry in the United States. In June, 1990, 1 1, IIPA entrusted relevant institutions to publish the report "Copyright Industry in American Economy" for the first time; 1992 September, The Copyright Industry in American Economy: 1977- 1990 was published. Then in 1993, 10, 1995, 1996, 10, May 1998, 2000,10. These reports reflect the general situation of American copyright industry and its contribution to American economy in value-added, employment and export.

The 2004 Report is different from the nine previous series reports, and it adopts a new statistical caliber:

In the previous nine economic reports on copyright industry, IIPA divided the copyright industry into the following four parts: core, part, distribution and copyright relationship. This was developed and defined by lIPA in its first report 1990.

The 2004 Report is different from the nine previous series reports, and it adopts a new statistical caliber:

In the 2004 report, IIPA still uses these four classifications, but in order to be consistent with international standards, IIPA adopts four classifications of copyright industries defined by the World Intellectual Industry Organization (WlPO): core copyright industries, cross industries, partial copyright industries and marginal supporting industries. These include:

Classified item

definition

Major industrial groups

Core copyright industry

(Core Copyright)

The industry that creates, produces and manufactures copyrighted works or other articles, performs, publicizes, spreads and displays or distributes and sells them.

Publishing and literature: music, drama production, opera, film and video; Radio and television; Photography; Software and database, visual art, painting art; Advertising service; Copyright centralized society.

Cross-copyright industry

(Interdependent industries)

An industry engaged in the production, manufacture and sale of copyrighted products, whose main function is to promote the manufacture, production or use of copyrighted works and equipment.

Television sets, radios, tape recorders, CD players, DVD players, telephone answering machines, electronic game equipment and other related equipment, including the manufacture, wholesale and retail of these equipment.

Part of the copyright industry

(Some copyright industries)

Refers to the industry in which some products are copyrighted products.

Clothing, textiles and footwear; Jewelry and coins; Other handicrafts; Furniture; Household goods, porcelain and glass products; Wallpapers and carpets; Toys and games; Architecture, engineering, surveying; Interior design; Museums.

Marginal copyright industry

(Non-dedicated support

Industry)

Promote, disseminate, distribute or sell other copyrighted works or other articles that are not classified as core copyright industries.

General wholesale and retail of copyright products; Public transport services; Telecommunications and network services.

The above four parts are collectively called "all copyright industries".

The research on creative industries in 2004 found that there are more than 1 1 creative enterprises, institutions and organizations (for-profit and non-profit) metropolitan areas in the 20 largest standard metropolitan statistical areas in China.

Table1Statistics on the number of creative enterprises in the top 20 standard metropolitan statistical areas in the United States in 2004

grade

Standard urban statistical area

Number of creative enterprises

New york, New York-North New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA

54,895

Orange county-on-Los Angeles, California

48,862

three

San Francisco, California-Oakland-San Jose

2 1,232

four

Washington, DC- Baltimore, DC-Maryland-Virginia-West Virginia

16,360

five

Chicago, Illinois-Gary Kenosha

16,26 1

six

Dallas Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas

14,202

seven

Lawrence, Worcester, Boston, Massachusetts

13,060

eight

Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, Washington

12, 138

nine

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-Wilmington-Atlantic City

1 1,328

Houston, Texas-Galveston-Brazol

10,834

1 1

Atlanta Atlanta

10,567

Detroit, Michigan Ann Arbor Flint

9,209

Fort Lauderdale Miami Florida

9, 166

Denver-Boulder-grilli, Denver, Colorado.

7,22 1

Santiago Santiago

6,886

Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota

6,79 1

Phoenix mesa, Arizona

6,007

Cleveland Akron, Cleveland, Ohio

4,870

Tampa-St. Petersburg-clear Water, Florida

4,406

St Louis, Missouri

4,294

Source: American Art Association.

Among them, Seattle and San Francisco have the largest number of creative enterprises per capita, followed by Los Angeles and Denver metropolitan statistical areas. [i] The creative enterprises mentioned here include museums, symphony orchestras, cinemas, construction companies and advertising companies. There are 548,000 creative enterprises in China (accounting for 4.3% of the total enterprises in China), with 2.99 million employees (accounting for 2.2% of the total employment).

According to the American Creative Industry Report published by Americans for the Arts)2005, the number of creative industry enterprises in the United States rose to 578,000 in 2005, accounting for 4.4% of the total. The creative industry employs 2.9 million people, accounting for 2.2% of the total.

Table 2 Overview of American Creative Industries in 2005

Six departments of creative industries

Creative enterprise

employed population

Museums and collections

12,679

138, 12 1

performing arts

10 1,828

482,489

Visual arts and photography

203,809