The economic value evaluation of Hetian jade is based on the purity of color and texture. Its main varieties are: white jade, containing tremolite above 95%, white in color, pure in texture, delicate and shiny, which is an excellent variety in Hetian jade. During the prosperous period of jade-making in Han, Song and Qing dynasties, great attention was paid to the selection of materials, and high-quality white jade was often carved into "heavy objects". Sheep fat white jade, the top grade of white jade, is pure and delicate in texture, containing 99% tremolite, white in color, equivalent to the weight of jade, and has much higher economic value than white jade. Sheep fat white jade was highly respected in Han Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Qing Qianlong period. Qingtian jade has no obvious difference from white jade in texture, but its color is light blue and green. It is the third-class jade in Hetian jade, and its economic value is slightly lower than that of white jade. Sapphire, which is light blue, turquoise and gray in color, is called sapphire, which is rich in reserves and is the main variety of jade collection or mining in past dynasties. Topaz is named as dense wax yellow, chestnut color, okra yellow, yellow flower yellow, egg yolk, etc. Close wax yellow and chestnut color are extremely rare, and their value can be comparable to that of sheep fat white jade. In the Qing Dynasty, due to the homonym of "yellow" and "emperor", it was extremely rare, and its economic value once exceeded that of white jade with sheep fat. Tang jade, which is commonly found in white jade or plain jade, is called bi-color jade material, which can be used to make "Qiao jade". The snuff bottle made of Tang jade leather carving seed material can be hollowed out, which is called "covered with gold and silver" and can also be added with value. Jet, called pure lacquer ink, has dense black spots and is more valuable than other jet varieties. Jasper, pure dark green is the top grade, while those with black spots, black spots or jade ribs are inferior.

White jade: white, delicate, moist and slightly transparent, just like sheep fat, so it is called sheep fat white jade; White jade is opaque and has poor luster.

Sapphire and sapphire: dark gray-green to blue-green, opaque; Blue white jade is a transitional type between blue jade and white jade, which is grayish green.

Jasper: Dark green (spinach green) with rough texture. Jasper is not only produced in Xinjiang, but nephrite produced at home and abroad is collectively called jasper.

Jet: a strip mainly composed of dispersed carbon or graphite, which is grayish black or grayish black and white. If it is all black, it is called jet.

Topaz: It is made of white jade infiltrated by limonite, and it is beige to yellow.

Although Hetian jade is not as valuable as jade, it also has a problem of distinguishing authenticity. Usually, ordinary jade represented by Xiuyu jade, recently produced Russian jade and Qinghai jade is used as nephrite. The following points are described.

1. Identification of nephrite and jade.

Hetian jade has certain indexes in texture, hardness and specific gravity. Xiuyan jade is produced in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province, and its texture, hardness and specific gravity are not as good as Hetian jade. In addition, xiuyan jade's mining capacity is large and things are cheap, so the market price is very cheap.

Because of its delicate texture, sufficient water head and luster from flowers to oil, Xiuyu is often made old to pretend to be Laotian jade. However, xiuyan jade is soft and easy to eat. The best way to identify it is to carve it a few times with an ordinary knife. It's xiuyan jade who eats the knife, but Hetian jade who doesn't. If you don't have a knife, just look carefully at the place where the knife is collected when carving. Hetian jade won't grow long hair at the knife, but Xiuyu will. In addition, jade feels light, and its sound is dull when it is struck, unlike Hetian jade.

In addition to Xiuyu jade, there are other ordinary jade used to pretend to be Hetian jade, and its identification method is roughly the same as above.

2. Distinguish Hetian jade from Russian jade and Qinghai jade.

Qinghai in China and Central Asia in the former Soviet Union now also produce a kind of jade, commonly known as Qinghai jade and Russian jade, which is estimated to be produced by Tianshan branch, so the ore composition is similar. This kind of jade is mostly white and looks like waxy grease, so it is easy to pass off as white jade. And its hardness is the same as that of white jade, so it can't be used to identify authenticity. However, this kind of jade contains high timely content, so compared with white jade, it is rough, japonica, brittle and transparent. Often exposed to the sun and rain, it is easy to get separated, cracked and discolored. In particular, hetian jade and Russian jade are compared together, one is glutinous and the other is japonica; One is white and the other is "dead white". The difference between them is self-evident. At the same time, it is not difficult to distinguish crisp sound from dull sound when knocking at the door.

3. The difference between Hetian jade and "material"

Glass is usually used to pretend to be Hetian jade, commonly known as "material". The identification in this respect is relatively not too difficult. Generally speaking, the color of glass is the same, there is no natural change, and there are bubbles inside (some can be removed by sculptors); Its material is relatively pure, relatively pure, unlike Hetian jade with jade stalks, but with natural crystals such as cotton and radish filaments; Observing with a magnifying glass, the pores of the glass are much thicker than those of Hetian jade, and the fracture is bright shell-shaped, while Hetian jade is dark and uneven. Glass has low hardness and is easy to eat knives, while Hetian jade has high hardness and does not eat knives. In addition, the glass paste on the sensitive part of the face is cooler than jade. In addition, when knocking at the door, it is dull and crisp.

Identification of Hetian jade with naked eyes

Hetian jade in China has a long history and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. Its exquisite products are an integral part of the splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Hetian jade is a kind of aura, symbolizing great wealth, but people often lack the vision to distinguish authenticity.

With the improvement of people's living standards, the high-grade jade used to be played by princes and nobles gradually entered the homes of ordinary people. So, where does the collection of Hetian jade ware begin? How can I buy real Hetian jade products?

One: look at the jade material:

Materials are the primary premise of jade collection, and high-quality jade materials are very important for a jade. At present, the usual price, the same level of jadeite is 6-8 times that of mountain material. In the market or online, it is more common to sell skinless mountain materials or Russian materials as fillers. Russian material is also a mountain material, and the material composition is the same. It is called Russian material because the ore is mined in Russia and the price is much lower. It is characterized by white color, but the jade is too watery, that is, the transparency is too heavy, and the density and oil texture are not as good as the authentic Hetian jade! It is difficult for people with little experience to tell if they sell rice in Russian. At present, there are only a few on the market or online.

There is no national standard for real suet jade, which is produced in ice-covered glaciers. Sheep fat jade is as white as sheep fat, which is not only white but also never turns green. It has a high degree of grease and is comparable to jade with unusual mountain material or sheep fat color. Some old players have been playing with jade for decades. The difficulty in obtaining and rarity of suet jade makes it difficult for jade lovers to find it. It can be said that even if you have money now, you may not be able to buy exquisite suet jade.

Nowadays, most people who call themselves suet jade are Gaobaishan jade or Yayu jade, such as high white jade without skin. Jade workers all know that the price of jade is several times higher than that of mountain materials, and they must try their best to keep the skin at work. It is often seen that some people try their best to burn fake skins in order to pretend to be Yu Zi. Whether jade without skin is jade depends on the experience and vision of the appraiser, so it is often controversial.

According to the same grade of Hetian jade, seed material is the most valuable, followed by landscape and mountain material.

Second, identify decorative patterns:

Modeling is the aesthetic framework of jade, and it is also an important factor to determine the collection value of jade. Modeling is determined by the function and shape of jade blank, and its proportion should be properly weighed. Symmetrical but not rigid, balanced and stable works are beautiful.

Pattern is the decoration of jade, and its beauty and ugliness are easy to be perceived and felt. Generally speaking, it is subject to the needs of equipment, or both depend on the needs of social functions. Decoration depends on the structure, composition, complexity and density. Where the structure is orderly, unity and harmony have appreciation value.

Third, art analysis:

Jade craft is the technical condition for turning materials into utensils, and its nature is relatively stable, so it is not easy to be truly recognized, which is a difficult problem in appreciation. Any neat, fluent and skilled craftsman must be beautiful or relatively beautiful. On the contrary, malaise and delicacy are the signs of a sharp decline in the collection value, which cannot be collected through trading. Art is the highest realm pursued by every jade, and it is also the most difficult to achieve. Everything with vivid charm and both form and spirit is the expression of artistic beauty, which embodies rich collection value. On the contrary, poor craftsmanship and poor art, blindly rubbing against the works of the ancients that violate the artistic beauty, the appreciation value is much inferior. Therefore, jade collection should not only pay attention to the material of jade, but also pay attention to the technical level and artistry of jade. There is a simple reason. The better the material of jadeite, the scarcer its stock in nature, and the more difficult it is to process. The harder it is to make good jade, the higher its value.

Four: try to buy leather jade:

Hetian jade's skin is brownish red or brownish yellow, so it is customarily called Piyu. There are autumn pears, reed flowers, bordeaux, black and other colors. Jade carving artists use various skin colors as jade names, such as autumn pear skin, tiger skin, jujube skin red, sprinkled gold, black skin and so on. Many jadeites in the world have this color, but it is not as beautiful as Hetian jade. Using skin color can make beautiful jade, which is naturally interesting and called Debao.

The shape of Hetian purple jade skin is varied, some are cloud-shaped, some are vein-shaped, and some are scattered. The formation of skin color is secondary. Since ancient times, the price of the same leather material is much more expensive than that of non-leather material. Natural and brilliant skin color is a unique feature of Hetian jade seed material, and it is also a sign of authenticity. However, in recent years, the leather with fake piano color is very common, and the piano color is mostly attached to the surface. The appearance is dry and oil-free, and there is no water head, so it needs to be distinguished.

Choosing Piyu has the following advantages:

1. Yu Zi (national appraisal certificate) with steel seal is uncontroversial, and its preservation and appreciation can be determined.

2. There is a sentence in the line: "The fairy can't recognize it even if it is stripped." It mainly means that some high-quality mountain materials (even Russian materials) can be sold at a high price by unscrupulous businessmen, but the purchase price is several times different. Therefore, bare jade without skin color is controversial and it is difficult to determine its value preservation. Therefore, some people say that bare jade is controversial and its value cannot be determined. Naked jade is a black-and-white photo, while leather jade is a color photo, which gives artists ample creative space and colorful artistic enjoyment.

Five: Buy the characteristics of Yu Zi:

99% of the jade seeds are cracked due to different materials or slight impurities, so this kind of crack is called separation or blame in the jade industry. Generally, large partitions or obvious miscellaneous points will be decorated, but the existing small partitions are within the normal range, which will not affect the beauty and firmness of jade. Just as most jewel-grade diamonds have small cracks and impurities under a high magnification, they are rare in the United States, and the same is true. When buying jade: 1. Heavy skin color; 2 heavy jade; Triple process; Four material forms.

Although Hetian Meiyu is produced in Kunlun Mountain, which is known as the "ancestor of Wanshan Mountain", it is well-known at all times and at home and abroad. With the improvement of people's living standards, the high-grade jade used to be played by princes and nobles gradually entered the homes of ordinary people. Buying jade is an ideal choice for preserving investment. In recent years, the production of Hetian jade raw materials in Qiemo County of Xinjiang accounts for more than 70% of the production of Hetian jade in Xinjiang. The main jade species are Hetian jade white jade, sapphire white jade, sapphire, topaz, jet jade, jasper and so on. The processed Hetian jade (jade carving) is exported to domestic and foreign markets. It is an oriental tradition to worship and love jade, and people's demand for jade is on the rise. With the expansion of the team of jade players, people's favor for jade products leads to the price increase, which also provides jade collectors with investment opportunities in time and space.