2. Understand the basic structural characteristics of various jade materials, and know the hardness, density unevenness and permeability of jade materials. After mastering the basic characteristics of jade materials, we can analyze the length of burial time of ancient jade under specific environment and conditions, its influence on jade itself, the characteristics of oxidation corrosion, and grasp the various characteristics of its evolution process. Counterfeit products are not based on the characteristics of materials, nor on the various characteristics of genuine products, but on the surface effect of genuine products, which violates the law of natural oxidation evolution and is essentially different from genuine products.
3. It is necessary to master the aging characteristics of real jade materials. This phenomenon of aging due to erosion, counterfeit products are re-cut and polished with new materials or old scraps, and the new process surface exposed after molding will produce obvious color difference or destroy the original oxide layer.
4. We can't take distinguishing jade materials as the decisive basis for distinguishing the authenticity of jade articles, because all the materials used since ancient times are the same material formed millions of years ago, and we can only take the identification materials as the basis for distinguishing the authenticity. If the materials cannot be effectively verified, we should continue to look for evidence of authenticity differences from other aspects.
5. At present, some jadeite variegated materials with poor quality and extremely low price are used for counterfeiting, and then artificial enhanced corrosion is carried out after molding, resulting in extremely thick oxide corrosion skin on the surface of jadeite. This cortex is easy to fall off, and there is no clean and moist texture after falling off. This variegated flower is not used in ancient jade, but a kind of stone used in modern deception.
6. It is necessary to understand and master the painting style and expression style of jade in past dynasties, and master the structural characteristics of jade modeling style in various eras. In the process of identifying fakes, some jadeites can be identified from the modeling structure, but some high imitation fakes are extremely difficult to identify. In this case, we need to find evidence of the difference between true and false from other aspects. Because the style of folk jade is extremely peculiar and complicated, it can not be judged by the style of utensils, but only as a reference for judging the sensory effect.
7. The perfect combination of jade art technology and art, and ancient jade perfectly embodies the technical effect. The counterfeit goods have obvious defects and deficiencies in this respect, either the structural modeling is beautiful but the process polishing can not achieve this effect, or the process design is defective.
We must admit that the degree of mechanization will inevitably have different effects on the technical quality and standards of products. Since ancient times, the equipment, technology and tool materials for making jade articles have been constantly reformed, developed and improved, so different historical periods have produced different technological characteristics. When we master the basic characteristics of genuine products, we will realize which parts of modern counterfeiting technology are wrong and which technologies are defective in polishing.
In order to realize the semi-manual and semi-mechanized processing method of jade articles from ancient times to the present, it is necessary to analyze in practice which are caused by the performance of mechanical equipment and which are the technological effects caused by unstable manual operation, and distinguish the authenticity in this respect. On the other hand, we should be able to understand some technological effects caused by the difference in polishing level of jade workers, see through the intentional manufacturing errors or some technological defects of counterfeit products, and compare the differences in the dead ends of genuine jade products.
The material of modern machining tools and the composition of grinding materials are different from those of traditional ones, which leads to obvious differences in the process grinding of decorative lines. This difference is caused by equipment, tools and materials, which cannot be imitated by modern equipment. The processing and polishing of ancient jade mainly adopts free sand grinding method, which is obviously different from the modern assumption of grinding jade. It is necessary to master the rules of ancient jade grinding process and the characteristics of various technical treatment methods, and compare which parts of the fake have different processes and treatment methods.
9, understand the means and technology of counterfeiting, and master the characteristics of imitating various technological effects with modern equipment and technology. It is necessary to analyze and master the difference of glass light effect between real jade and fake jade, as well as the difference of ordinary bright jade, analyze the difference of light in technology and material and the principle that causes this difference, so as to distinguish the difference of bright effect between real jade and fake jade.
10, the phenomenon of multicolored and colorful jadeite is common in ancient jade, but this kind of material has experienced long-term erosion in underground environment on the original basis, leading to local colored parts being oxidized and corroded first, so it is necessary to master this characteristic law.
The oxidized and etched parts of jade are mostly caused by the poor hardness, density and corrosion resistance of a certain part, especially the jade cracks caused by internal stress will be infiltrated or etched first, which is different from the artificial effect of counterfeit products in structure. Modern fakes use pigments and dirty scraps to imitate the oxidation of jade, especially the oxidized stone skin of the material itself, which has become the most important imitation means at present. In fact, the hardness, density structure and color difference of this kind of fake parts are essentially different from the real ones, so it is necessary to distinguish which parts are fakes of pigment impurities and natural scales and which are really corroded. No matter what oxidation and corrosion the real ancient jade is subjected to, it will produce hardness change, color difference change and infiltration transition, while the counterfeit jade has obvious infiltration phenomenon, hardness change, color difference and transition. It is necessary to master the characteristics and laws of oxidation corrosion of genuine products in extensive practice, and on this basis, distinguish which are artificially enhanced imitations and which are real jade corrosion.
1 1, and master the main characteristics of Shengkeng jade. The so-called Tiankeng jade refers to the fact that the soil has not been cleaned since then, and the jade itself is attached with various sedimentary substances with strong adhesion. A fake is an attachment artificially made on the surface of jade. This kind of artificial attachment has poor adhesion density and adhesion, which is one of the methods to distinguish authenticity. There should be no traces of artificial treatment on raw jade.
12. Half-life pit jade mainly means that this kind of jade has lost all kinds of unearthed characteristics of the original pit jade after manual cleaning. Under normal circumstances, deposits will be left in dead corners or parts damaged by corrosion, some parts will be slightly scratched due to cleaning, and slight man-made disability will occur when the process edge comes out. However, the imitation of half-life pit jade mainly adopts the process of making surface oxide layer to keep the sharpness of the process, but the adhesion of deposited materials in dead corners is very poor. Pay special attention to the ability to distinguish jade articles with half-life pits. At present, a considerable number of fake half-life pit jade articles have entered the market.
13, half-cooked pit jade pointed out that after several years or decades of collection, the hand feel and permeability have not reached a considerable degree of maturity. The surface of this kind of jade is oxidized, slightly worn, slightly scratched at edges and corners, and some dead corners still have deposits and other characteristics. This kind of jade must be comprehensively analyzed. The imitation of this kind of jade mainly adopts ball milling oscillation equipment and sand blasting equipment to make the surface oxidized and textured, so that the overall structure and technological edges and corners have a smooth transition. This kind of jade is difficult to imitate, and many loopholes will be found when compared with the real one.
14, the cooked pit jade is a long-term collection, which makes the transition of the edges and corners of the jade smooth and feels excellent. In the process of playing ball, human sweat, acid, alkali, plant wax, etc. Penetrating into the depths of jade, the refracted light inside jade is reflected to the surface of jade, forming a translucent oil-permeable feeling. After artificial long-term disc grinding, there will be scratches overlapping on the jade surface in different periods, and some injuries will produce a smooth transition of residual traces. Counterfeit products have no such time and conditions, and can only be faked by strengthening the brightness of the surface. At present, there are a certain number of fake pit jades, and the imitation effect is generally poor.
15, it is necessary to know the various states of counterfeit products after being corroded by hydrofluoric acid, because some toxic gases left in such counterfeit products are extremely harmful to human body and cannot be kept indoors or carried around.
16, jade collection cannot be limited. You only know Jed. You must have the basic ability to identify the authenticity of sculptures, porcelain, paintings, bamboo horns, gold and silver bronzes and other antique items, because the authenticity characteristics of other antiques are similar to jade. To distinguish fakes, we must first confirm the authenticity. Only by mastering the essence of authenticity in practice can we be able to distinguish fakes and further study and explore their cultural connotations. Not to mention adopting a self-enclosed collection method.