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Did Cao Cao really build 72 suspected graves to prevent grave robbery?
For thousands of years, whenever we talk about Cao Cao's treachery, people will think of seventy-two suspected graves. In previous literary works, this is a very, very classic stalk, and scholars have written many interesting stories with it.

The most widely known is Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Back to the seventy-eighth, Cao Cao was seriously ill and could not afford it. "I also ordered a suspicious tomb to be built outside Wujiang City of Zhang Defu: Don't let future generations know my burial place, for fear of being discovered." 72 suspected graves were built outside Wujiang City in Zhangde to confuse the authenticity. Never let outsiders find their real graves. Open a museum to slaughter the bodies.

Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio (Volume 10) also mentioned the suspected place of Cao Cao's tomb, saying that there was a river outside the program city, and the river was swift. In midsummer, people went swimming and the bodies were dismembered, so local officials sent people to the upstream to close the floodgates and release water, and found a hole at the bottom of the river, in which a wheel was stuffed, all of which were sharp swords. After taking the wheel away, I went into the cave and saw a stone tablet engraved with official script. Look carefully, it turned out to be Cao Cao's tomb! It's a breeze to get here and finally find you! Hide. Long time no see! Pry open the coffin quickly and take all the gold, silver and jewels away. In this regard, people sigh with emotion: Everyone knows that there are 72 suspected ancient tombs in Cao Aman, so I dug them all up and always found the real one! No, the real tomb of others is not in these 72 blocks, but at the bottom of Zhanghe River, treacherous! What an old fox!

Ask weakly: Does Cao Cao want to be robbed by others? Of course, I don't want to. There is nothing wrong with his old man's IQ. What's more, he is also an expert in grave robbery. He experienced the taste of being robbed first hand. On the eve of the battle of Guandu, Chen Lin wrote an article and angrily criticized Cao Cao. One of the charges is to rob a tomb and dig a grave: "Liang Xiaowang, the mother of the first emperor, showed respect for the grave;" Sang songbai, it is better to treat each other as guests. Cao Shuai's generals and officials personally dug, smashed coffins and naked bodies, and plundered Jinbao. To make the holy dynasty cry, the soldiers are sad! Cao Cao also specially sent a senior general and a captain to touch the gold, but the bones were not exposed. Being in the position of the three public, but doing the opposite, polluting the country and harming the people, poisoning people and ghosts! " Liang Xiaowang Liu Wu, the son of Dou Taihou, the uncle of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and his tomb, you Cao Mengde dare to dig, which shows that you have no son of the Han family in your eyes. Sending a high corps commander and touching a gold captain, in order to rob the tomb, Cao Cao also specially set up an official position, which is really original; What method did Cao Mengde come up with to stop others from robbing the tomb?

In June of the 23rd year of Jian 'an, 63-year-old Cao Cao felt that he was old and his time was running out. After receiving the order to start building tombs, he said: "Ancient tombs would live on barren land. The rule of Ximen Bao Temple is to guard the mausoleum in the west. Because of its height, it is not sealed or treeless. Zhou Li's men took over the cemetery. The princes are in the front and the Qing doctors are in the back. The Han system is also called the burial tomb. Those who have made meritorious deeds should follow the mausoleum and be widely used. " It is clear that his mausoleum was built in a highland on the west side of Ximen Bao Temple, which is very barren and will not occupy fertile land. There are no trees, no trees and no signs on the ground. For example, the Yangling of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty and the Maoling of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty both have tall enclosures. Later, the Ming Tombs in the Ming Dynasty, Dongling and Xiling in the Qing Dynasty all had tall Ming-style buildings, which outsiders knew at a glance. Cao Cao asked his cemetery to have no ground signs, in fact, for safety reasons. If you can't find my tomb, how can you dig it? In addition, he also asked his confidant ministers to be buried with him, such as Xia Houdun and Coss, so Cao Cao's tomb is not the tomb of orphans, but the tomb of a group of senior nobles.

After a year and a half, in the first month of the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao was dying in Luoyang. He explained the aftermath and said, "The world has not yet been decided, and it has not followed the ancient times. They were all taken away after the funeral. Garrison personnel are not allowed to leave the station. There is a division, and each rate is the location. There is nothing hidden in the clothes. " This arrangement embodies the idea of "thin burial". First, it is required to finish the funeral as soon as possible, and it cannot be delayed for too long, wasting people and money; The second is that the army can't leave without leave, in case Liu Bei and Sun Quan take the opportunity to attack; Third, don't put gold and silver treasures in the grave, don't make him a luxurious shroud, and you can wear your usual clothes for burial.

After the funeral, Cao Pi wrote "The Elegance of Emperor Wu", which said: "The night is long and the palace is mysterious. Ignorance makes me poor. The halogen book is complete, and the three officials are parallel. When the pioneers set up the flag, they must be in charge of each other, abandon this palace and raise this mountain. " It can be seen that Cao Cao's funeral was held in public, and many people attended it, including family children, civil and military officials, and auxiliary personnel such as honor guards and coachmen. They all knew the specific location of Cao Cao's tomb. Later, all the heroes died and were buried beside Cao Cao, and their families, relatives and friends also knew where Cao Cao's tomb was. It's no secret that many people know the situation.

Don't seal trees, don't hide treasures and beautiful jade, which is Cao Cao's means to prevent grave robbery. At the beginning of Cao Pi's coming to power, he built a ground building for his father's mausoleum. When Guan Yu attacked Xiangfan before, Cao Cao sent Yu Jin and Pound to rescue him. Unexpectedly, when it rained, the Hanshui River soared, and the whole army was wiped out, surrendering to Guan Yu. Pound would rather die than surrender and be beheaded; Cao Cao was filled with emotion. He and Yu Jin have been together for decades, but in the end they are not as honest as a catty. A few years later, Yujin was released by Sun Quan, and Xelloss asked him to go to Gaoling to worship the first emperor. I saw murals painted in the mausoleum, which told the story of Yujin's surrender and Pound's death. Yu Jin was ashamed to death after reading it. The profile of this record can reflect that Cao Cao's tomb was first built on the ground; In the year of Huang San, all buildings on the ground were ordered to be demolished, which was the embodiment of fully implementing the policy of thin burial. He said in "The Final System": "The Chinese Emperor does not send it, and Baling has nothing to ask for; The excavation of guangwu, the original tomb sealed the tree. The end of Baling was due to its release; Stealing the original tomb is a crime in Ming Di. " Because there were too many treasures in the original tomb, grave robbers excavated the original tomb. Whose fault is this? Of course it belongs to Emperor Han Ming. On the surface, the more people buried with him, the more filial they appear, which actually hurts their loved ones.

Cao Cao did have anti-theft measures, but he didn't build 72 suspected graves. Before the Northern Song Dynasty, people knew the location of Cao Cao's cemetery, although he didn't have a seal or a tree. During Cao Wei, Cao Cao was the first emperor. Of course, his mausoleum is the key protection object of the imperial court. You can't leave it unattended after you bury it. That would violate filial piety and be detrimental to the safety of the mausoleum, so someone must take care of it. After the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, the cemetery of the former dynasty was vandalized, and the location of Cao Cao's tomb was exposed to the public, which is well known. The epitaph of Lu Qian in the Sixteen Kingdoms period introduced the relative position of Lu Qian's tomb and Wei Wudi's tomb in detail. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin crusaded against Goguryeo in the north, went to worship at Cao Cao's tomb and read an article. Yuanhe County Records clearly recorded that Cao Cao's tomb was thirty miles west of Yexian County, indicating that people knew the location of Cao Cao's tomb at that time. During the Kande period in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin ordered the previous emperor to be buried properly. If anything is stolen, the tomb door is backfilled and the tomb residents are arranged to wake them up. Cao Cao is one of them.

The concept of seventy-two suspected graves began in the Southern Song Dynasty. No one had said that Cao Cao had done such a thing before. Such as Yu's "Zhanghe Suspected Tomb": "Deceive the sky before death, and establish a suspected tomb after death." Said that Cao Cao lied to heaven before his death and lied after his death; Such as Luo's "Cao Cao's Suspected Tomb": "Chinese words have been decided because of the mountain, and Cao Cao's suspected tomb is more worrying." Another example is Lu Ciyun's "Suspected Tombs" in Qing Dynasty: "Suspected Tombs are full of water heads, like 72 hills. Zhengping is only three feet away from the grave and sleeps in Nautilus Island forever. "