Loulan Ancient City is located in the north of Ruoqiang County, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China, 220km southwest of Ruoqiang County and 28km east of the west bank of Lop Nur. The ancient city is located at 89 55' 22 "east longitude and 40 29' 55" north latitude. Ruins are scattered on the Ya Dan terrain on the west bank of Lop Nur. It used to be an important town on the Silk Road.

According to archaeologists, human activities in the Tarim Basin have a history of more than 10,000 years. Although many scholars have made great efforts, the rise and fall of the ancient city of Loulan is still a mystery, and the site of Loulan has also become the focus of world attention.

Loulan was originally a small tribe with water as its companion. The discovery of a large number of microliths in Loulan Tomb and Lop Nur shows that Loulan was originally a nomadic people. After the opening of the Silk Road, the commercial exchanges between the East and the West increased day by day, which brought unprecedented prosperity to Loulan economy. The introduction of foreign civilization, especially Han civilization, accelerated the development of Loulan urban civilization.

Loulan Kingdom was founded in BC 176 and died in AD 630, with a history of more than 800 years. The range starts from the vicinity of Guyangguan in the east, the ancient city of Niya in the west, Altun Mountain in the south and Hami in the north. Loulan City was an important political and economic center in the early days of Loulan State, which flourished on the ancient Silk Road. Here, the terrain is flat, the water is abundant, and the vegetation is lush. There are fish, shrimp, cattail, wild hemp, jade, donkey, horse, red deer, camel and other products. Rich in products and prosperous people. Residents make a living by fishing, hunting and animal husbandry. On the ancient Silk Road, Loulan Road is the main passage, starting from Yumenguan and Yangguan in Dunhuang, passing through Sanlongsha, Aqike Valley and Bailongdui, arriving at Loulan Ancient City via Tuyin, and then reaching the hinterland of the western regions along Peacock River. Loulan is the crossroads in the east of Tarim Basin, which leads to the whole western region from east to west, forming a traffic network. Loulan is the transportation hub of the ancient western regions.