At the beginning of the year, after a heavy snow, the vast fields in eastern Hebei were wrapped in white and desolate. When the car entered Dongling with disturbing silence, my steps began to become heavy. The old dream of a dynasty has been dusty in the ancient buildings that I have faced for more than 200 years. This is a royal cemetery, and its construction process spans two and a half centuries, which is almost the same as that of the Qing Dynasty.
Standing at the height of Dongling, looking north, the Wuling Mountain is shrouded in clouds and covered with cypresses, highlighting the depth. From the perspective of geomantic omen, this mountain is "the pulse of the post-dragon, the source of wind". Looking south, the east-west branch of Yanshan Mountain is full of weather. Is the place where the main peak rises Changrui Mountain, which is called "the Queen of the Mausoleum"? With this in mind, I opened my bag and took out the "General Examination of Qing Dynasty Literature" specially carried on this trip. A line of handwriting jumped into my eyes: "The mountains come from Taihang, the hills are piled high, the phoenix is flat, and there are hundreds of cragginess ..." Although the author exaggerates a bit, it also shows that this place is unusual.
(Eight years of Shunzhi 1652) At the end of the year, Aisingiorro Fu Lin, the "Young Emperor", rode to the foot of Changrui Mountain. When he saw the plain in the south, his vision widened. The mountains in the north are as heavy as dragons, winding and undulating, so I fell in love with my heart. I waved my whip, pointed with my finger and said, "This mountain is full of kings. I can live in the palace." (From the Draft of Qing History, Volume 86) The king's words turned a wilderness into a blessed land and auspicious land, and became the largest and best-preserved mausoleum building system in China!
I walked past the quiet Lu Shen and the cold Shipai Building and saw rows of stone statues with stiff expressions and dull eyes, as if silently remembering the five emperors, 15 queen, 136 concubines, princes and princesses buried here. Between them was the emperor shunzhi, who took the lead in calling himself emperor after entering the customs. There is a female politician, Empress Xiaozhuang Wen, who is praised by later generations. Emperor Kangxi, who had been in power for the longest time, introduced the Qing Dynasty, which had an unstable foothold and a weak foundation, into a prosperous time. Emperor Qianlong, who loved roaming poems, called himself a "perfect old man" and urged the compilation of Siku Quanshu. There are also legendary empresses and queens, who are the power and listen to politics ... At that time, the popular' ancients' left one after another in the noise of right and wrong, fighting for power and profit, leaving only dim doors, painted temples, dusty pens and chronicles. Because of the accident and inevitability of history, the merits and demerits of the ancients, the lack and completeness of the remains, and the suspense and textual research of future generations ... will all loom in the long journey. Only through continuous philosophical thinking and independent review can we learn from the past and turn our footprints into a touch of Danxia in the spiritual world.
I wandered between Xiaoling Mausoleum and Ding Dong Mausoleum for a long time. Two of the mausoleums, with different building grades and different degrees of damage, moved me deeply. Let's start with Xiaoling. This mausoleum, because of many anecdotes left in the construction process, has been jokingly interpreted by later generations, especially in the TV series with "Liu" as the core figure, and even invented the plot of "tearing down the Ming mausoleum to build the Qing mausoleum".
Fortunately, all this is well documented. Walking into the Dongling Cultural Relics Management Office, I read detailed historical materials and saw scenes of history ... The first royal mausoleum in the Qing Dynasty was really built with old materials when it started. Because the mausoleum was started after the emperor shunzhi's death, it was built in a hurry, so there was a shortage of wood, and some building materials of Qingfutang and Jinfangge in Beijing Beihai had to be demolished. These historical facts can be confirmed by the records of Long 'entang and Tombstone Pavilion when the local cultural relics department demolished Xiaoling in the 1990s. The emperor shunzhi, who has always looked down on money and often sprouted the idea of being born, praised frugality all his life. From the inscription on the Xiaoling Monument, we can see one or two things: "The imperial examination is a legacy, and the mountains and tombs do not worship ornaments and do not hide gold and jade treasures." Unfortunately, the first son of heaven who was buried after cremation in the Qing Dynasty had no fetters of gold, silver and jewels before and after his death. After leaving, many grave robbers in Dongling stopped coveting his tomb. As a result, his underground palace is still peaceful, and all the appliances are intact.
In sharp contrast, Ding Dong Mausoleum, resplendent in decoration and exquisite in architecture, is located in Putuo Valley, that is, Cixi Mausoleum. I just visited the third hall of the mausoleum, and I was amazed: the first-class Huang Huali wood is the main material, and the gold-plated copper dragon with skillful springs and quivering gold whiskers complements the "sweeping gold" of the carved brick wall, and the gold-plated painting shines brightly ... You don't need to look at other luxury buildings, and you don't need to marvel at the huge amount of silver used in the construction of Cixi Mausoleum, just look at this one.
Walking, I quietly thought that some historical events seem to be taking history as a mirror to warn people today.
This year is 20xx. Xxx years ago (1908), the empress dowager cixi's mausoleum was completed. xx years ago (1928), the warlord Sun Dianying stole the empress dowager cixi's mausoleum, and when he was ecstatic, he cut the coffin to cultivate himself and took all the treasures away. The pearls in Cixi's mouth are also gone. The "Dongling treasure theft case" that shocked China and foreign countries made people smell discolored. The seemingly "sacred" ruler was actually abandoned in the wilderness!
While thinking about walking, I couldn't help walking into the mountain road under Changrui Mountain. When I sat down to drink water, an old man with silver hair and painting beside me talked to me about Xiaoling Mausoleum and Cixi Mausoleum. The old man used a very simple but meaningful sentence: "People who look down on utilitarianism have nothing to lose in the end;" An insatiable person will leave nothing behind in the end. "