Because half of gem testing is based on physical properties such as refractive index and hardness, such as heating, bleaching and soaking in colorless oil will not change the physical properties, so it will not destroy the essence of gems, so it is accepted, while other acid-base treatments or dyeing treatments have obvious chemical changes or deceptive intentions, so it is not recognized.

Attachment: People's Republic of China (PRC) National Standard GB/T 16553-2003.

Jewelry and jade name

1 range

This standard specifies the categories, definitions, naming rules and expression methods of jewelry and jade.

This standard is applicable to the naming of jewelry and jade.

2 normative reference documents

The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard by reference. All subsequent modifications (excluding errata) or revisions of dated reference documents are not applicable to this standard. However, parties who have reached an agreement according to this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated reference documents, the latest edition is applicable to this standard.

GB/T 16553 jewelry and jade identification

3 Definition and naming rules

The following definitions and naming rules apply to this standard.

3. 1

Jewels and emeralds

3. 1. 1 Definition: Jewelry and jade are the general names of natural jewelry and jade (including natural gemstones, natural jade and natural organic gemstones) and artificial products (including synthetic gemstones, artificial gem, assembled gemstones and recycled gemstones), which are referred to as gems for short.

3. 1.2 naming rules: the naming of all kinds of jewelry and jade must be based on the basic names listed in appendix a and determined according to the standards and various naming rules specified in appendix B. ..

Other names not listed in the basic name in Appendix A must be used in brackets, and the names of jewelry and jade of the same mineral (rock) or material listed in Appendix A must be indicated before them.

Other mineral (rock) names not listed in Appendix A can be directly used as jewelry and jade names.

"Jewels and jade" and "gems" cannot be used as the names of specific commodities.

3.2

Natural jewelry jade natural gem

3.2. 1 Definition: The substances produced in nature, which are beautiful, durable, rare and have craft value, and can be processed into decorations are collectively called natural jewelry and jade. Include natural gemstones, natural jade and natural organic gemstones.

3.3

Natural gemstone

3.3. 1 Definition: naturally occurring, beautiful, durable and rare minerals (including twins) that can be processed into decorations.

3.3.2 Naming rules: directly use the basic names of natural gemstones or their mineral names. There is no need to add the word "natural", such as "golden emerald" and "ruby".

A) The place of origin does not participate in naming, such as "South African Diamond" and "Myanmar Sapphire".

B) It is forbidden to use names consisting of two natural gemstone names, such as "Ruby Spinel" and "Stone-changing Sapphire", except "Stone-changing Cat's Eye".

C) It is forbidden to use ambiguous trade names, such as "blue crystal", "emerald" and "semi-precious stone".

3.4

Natural jade

3.4. 1 Definition: Natural mineral aggregate with beautiful, durable, rare and technological value, and a few of them are amorphous.

3.4.2 Naming rules: directly use the basic name of natural jade or its mineral (rock) name. The word "jade" can be attached to the name of natural minerals or rocks; There is no need to add the word "natural" except "natural glass".

A) Name natural jade without carving its shape.

B) It is not allowed to directly replace the specific natural jade name with "jade" or "jade" alone.

C) The basic names of natural jade with place names listed in Appendix A, Table A2 have no origin meaning.

3.5

Natural organic gemstone natural organic matter

3.5. 1 Definition: Natural organic gemstones are generated by natural organisms, partially or completely composed of organic substances. Cultured pearls (referred to as "pearls") also belong to this category.

3.5.2 Naming rules:

A) Directly use the basic names of natural organic gemstones without adding the word "natural", except "natural pearls", "natural seawater pearls" and "natural freshwater pearls".

B) Cultured pearls can be called "pearls", marine pearls called "seawater pearls" and freshwater pearls called "freshwater pearls".

C) The names of natural organic gemstones are not changed by the place of origin, such as "Baltic amber".

3.6

Artificial products

3.6. 1 Definition: All or part of materials used for jewelry and decorations produced or manufactured by people are collectively referred to as artificial products. Including synthetic gemstones, artificial gem, divided gemstones and reconstructed gemstones.

3.7

Artificial stone

3.7. 1 Definition: a crystal or amorphous body that is completely or partially made by human beings and has a known counterpart in nature, and its physical properties, chemical composition and crystal structure are basically the same as the corresponding natural jewelry and jade.

3.7.2 Naming rules: The word "synthetic" must be added before the name of the corresponding natural jewelry and jade, such as "synthetic ruby" and "synthetic emerald".

A) It is forbidden to use the names of manufacturers and manufacturers for direct naming, such as; Chatham Emerald, Linde Emerald and so on.

B) It is forbidden to use confusing or ambiguous nouns for naming, such as "Rubin stone", "red corundum" and "synthetic product".

3.8

imitation jewel

3.8. 1 Definition: artificial gem is manufactured artificially, and there is no known crystal or amorphous counterpart in nature.

3.8.2 Naming rules: The name of materials must be preceded by "artificial", such as "artificial yttrium aluminum garnet", except "glass" and "plastic".

A) It is forbidden to use the names of manufacturers and manufacturers for direct naming.

B) It is forbidden to use confusing or ambiguous terms for naming, such as "Austrian diamonds".

C) Production methods are not allowed to participate in naming.

3.9

Split gem composite gem

3.9. 1 Definition: Jewelry and jade, which is composed of two or more pieces of materials and gives people an overall impression, is called split stone, or "split stone" for short.

3.9.2 Naming rules:

A) Write the names of the constituent materials layer by layer, and add the words "mosaic stone" after the names of the constituent materials, such as "sapphire and synthetic sapphire mosaic stone"; Or add the word "mosaic stone" to the name of the top material, such as "sapphire mosaic stone".

B) For the split stone made of the same material, add the word "split stone" after the name of the component material, such as "zircon split stone".

C) For the split stone made of natural pearl, pearl, opal or synthetic opal as the main material, split the natural pearl,

Just splicing pearls, splicing opals or splicing the names of opals, without writing the names of materials layer by layer.

3. 10

Reconstructed stone

3. 10. 1 definition: the fragments or chips of natural jewelry and jade are welded or pressed into jewelry and jade with overall appearance by manual means.

3. 10.2 naming rules: add the word "regeneration" before the name of natural jewelry and jade, such as "regenerated amber" and "regenerated turquoise".

3. 1 1

Imitation gem

3. 1 1. 1 Definition: Artificial products used to imitate the color, appearance and special optical effects of natural jewelry and jade and natural jewelry and jade used to imitate another natural jewelry and jade can be called imitation gems. The word "imitation gem" cannot be used as the name of jewelry and jade alone.

3. 1 1.2 Naming rules:

A) Add the word "imitation" before the name of imitation natural jewelry and jade, such as "imitation emerald" and "imitation pearl".

B) Make sure to give the specific names of jewelry and jade as much as possible, and use the following expressions, such as "glass" or "imitation crystal (glass)".

C) Other naming rules stipulated in this standard shall be followed when determining the names of specific jewels and jade.

3. 1 1.3 Usage and Meaning

3. 1 1.3. 1 imitation gems do not represent the specific categories of jewelry and jade.

3. 1 1.3.2 When the expression "imitation of a certain kind of jewelry and jade" (such as "imitation of diamond") is used as the name of jewelry and jade, it means that the jewelry and jade:

A) It is not an imitation of jewelry and jade (e.g. "imitation diamond" is not a diamond).

B) There are many possibilities for specific imitation materials (such as "imitation diamond"): it may be glass, artificial cubic zirconia or crystal. ).

3. 12

Optical phenomena with special optical effects

3. 12. 1

cat's eye effect

3. 12. 1. 1 Naming rules: The word "cat's eye" can be added after the basic name of jewelry and jade, such as "apatite cat's eye" and "glass cat's eye". Only "Golden Emerald Cat's Eye" can be directly called "Cat's Eye".

3. 12.2