Foreword of reposting: I repost this article with great respect. I really won't regret it after reading it, and I admire the author's knowledge and insight in the field of Hetian jade! ! ]
Jade is the inheritance of China's 5,000-year history. China, not China, because China was founded by 1949. Being young is an ornament for seeking wealth and peace. Everyone has a different understanding. There are countless articles about jade, some of them are colorful, which makes people look foggy, and some of them make you feel that everything is fake after reading them. Today, in my personal understanding, I express it in the most popular and easy-to-understand way: What do you mean by playing with jade is not modest? What I said can basically make some people who have been playing with jade for decades.
Jade, which should be centered on People's Republic of China (PRC), can't be found in several countries in Fiona Fang. Let's make a rough classification:
Hetian jade
Russian jadeite
Afghan jadeite
Qinghai jade
Xiuyu
kunlun jade
Kethleen
milk-glass
No matter the jade you saw in the Golden Eagle and Deji, or the jade you saw in the Confucius Temple hypermarket (Nanjing area), I can guarantee that what you saw does not belong to these eight categories. Let's be clear: jade is not jade. If you have to call it jade, it can only be called jade, because the hardness of jade is around 7, so this meaningless professional evaluation method is not much to say. Besides, it's not that jade is not fun. There is also: the jade you hang on your body is the same from the moment you hang on your body to your grandson's grandson. Those who say to you: Look, this jade is for me to play with. What has it become? You can tell him directly without looking: congratulations, you bought an expensive glass. Why do I classify ivory glass as jade? Because I can tell you responsibly: as long as anyone plays with jade, almost all of them have suffered from this broken thing. I have one that can remind me to stay calm. We'll talk about the method of discrimination later.
First of all, I will talk about several kinds of jade except Hetian jade from my own experience. Russian jade is the closest to Hetian jade in Xinjiang. Look at the map of the world and you will know why. The jade that I have seen most posing as Hetian jade in Suzhou is Russian jade. I once mistakenly thought that a brand was Hetian jade, and the sculptor was first-class. Later, I asked the price and gave me 15000 RMB. I put it in natural light. The sun is too dazzling to see anything, so don't look at jade with the sun. Some 2 Hu can see the sun with jade, which proves their identity. After reading it, I was sure it was Russian jade, commonly known as Russian jade, which made me sweat. By the way, Xinjiang Hetian jade is just called Hetian jade. Except for ivory glass, if you take the other seven kinds of jade to any geological research and appraisal institution in China, you will be given a certificate, which says Hetian jade, how many grams, how many long waves, how many short waves, and how its internal structure is. This is why most people are fooled when they buy jade. If I set up a jade appraisal agency, I will write whatever materials I need, and many shopkeepers who sell jade will lose their jobs. Then, if I buy back that piece of Russian material, I can only sell it as Russian material. To tell the truth, it's not expensive, but as a jade player, it's a very shameful thing. What are the characteristics of hunger? Listen to me slowly:
It is because Russian material is most easily confused with Hetian jade that I put her in the first place (jade is maternal in my opinion, so I use "she"). Russian material, a businessman on the right track will tell you: this is Russian material. Russian material is Russian material. If a businessman or jade player tells you that this is Russian seed, then he is farting or doesn't understand. Why? Because Russian materials are all mountain mineral materials, which are mined. There are only two possible colors on them, one is artificial and the other is naturally soaked in water. You don't need to understand too deeply. Just remember: Russian materials are simply. Most Russian materials are very white. Hit them from the side with the light of a pure white flashlight. Be sure to hit them from the side, don't put the flashlight directly behind the jade, because you won't see anything. ) you can see the structural clouds presented in an irregular way, without pores (the concept of pores will be introduced in detail later), and the surface is dry, like ground glass, and a large part of Russian materials will be polished, so I suggest. (Looking at the characteristics of Russian materials in the photo album) I personally disapprove of polishing jade, but there are three good days in history when polishing technology was used to cut jade. First, the traces of a batch of Stan jade established and produced during the Qianlong period polished a piece of jade as bright as a dog. Although almost all the traces of Stan jade bottles, jade bowls, incense burners, etc. went up in the auction for 6.5438+0 million, I don't think it is beautiful. Second, in the 1950s, in the process of arts and crafts export, a large number of old artists made a large number of exported ancient jade to slaughter foreign compatriots, and polished and polished a piece of jade, resulting in many returned ancient jade being fakes. Sadly. Thirdly, the polishing style brought by Yangzhou jade masters from 1980s to modern times. I used to stay in Aitao Art Center in Nanjing. Take the treasure of the town hall: white jade cabbage. There is an emerald cabbage in the Palace Museum in Taiwan. In fact, I think it is a kind of green vegetable with white stems and faint green leaves, which can be described as lifelike. If she doesn't polish it, jade is like shit without paper, and there is one less process. What about our Wadayama cabbage?
It's not that I profane Yangzhou master. Why do I object to polishing jade? This involves the humanistic characteristics of our ancient history in China. A great country, a modest gentleman, whether it is political and military, governing the country and the people, being a man and doing things, cultural level, or artistic accomplishment, all reflect two words: introverted and dry, so his seal is not polished by the master, so he still wastes good materials as always. What is introversion? Low-key luxury I don't object to your luxury, because jade itself is a luxury, and you can't eat enough. You can play with Yu Amao and tie your daughter with a 2-foot-long red rope. But if you are luxurious, you can keep a low profile, and that is your accomplishment. Over the past 5000 years, from Hongshan Culture's ritual vessels and sacrificial vessels to Mawangdui's fish and beam culture ............................................................, jade itself is a kind of introverted thing, and her beauty is used to appreciate and sublimate slowly. I don't know which ancient people said: a gentleman never leaves his hand without a reason; A gentleman is better than jade; What do you mean, people raise jade and jade raises people? De. Morality is a big concept, and there are no rules. You are obsessed with ghosts and money, but if you help grandma cross the street, maybe you will be sentenced to life imprisonment. But you are a virtuous person, jade is like this. She is kind because she is pure and selfless. Give her as much care as she gives you. You can entrust your spirit to her, for example, when running on the highway. Fuck off again, so Yu keeps a low profile. Foreign compatriots are different from us. They like diamonds. Diamonds are high-profile, just in case you can't see her. How many faces has a diamond cut? Why? Bright! There was no one seven or eight meters away, but a big pigeon eggs flashed there. It seems that foreign compatriots love this as long as they get along well, which reflects their culture. Since it's high-profile, you can finally be high-profile and do things to the extreme. Don't throw away our pure jade without that ability. Is it okay? Pulled back, the Russian material itself does not have oily luster, so a large number of profiteers polished the Russian material into Hetian jade. Russian material is yellow and blue, but no matter what color, it must be dry, which can be understood as pale, just like a human face. Sick white is different from natural white, depending on it. A piece has no skin color, no pores, white hanging, carved is ok, has a mass structure, and is very light in the hand, regardless of whether it has a certificate or not. Reference price:100g flawless carving, not 20,000 yuan.
Let's talk about Hetian jade in detail. It comes from Xinjiang, with a large area, and the materials produced in different places have different feelings. I once watched a whole episode of CCTV devoted to Hetian jade ore, which was very good. I can't find it now. There are several fragments that I remember vividly and have benefited a lot so far. I remember a local Xinjiang native who dug jade and walked along the road with a group of reporters for about a month. Because there is no road, the ground is full of rocks as big as cars, not to mention animals and plants, not even a grass. In the middle of several mountains, the Xinjiang man knocked on the mountain wall with a hammer, saying, this is jade, this is it, this is it and this is it. But you can see so much from the appearance alone. If you open this mountain, you will see a huge amount of materials, but I can assure you that this mountain no longer exists. The skill of Chinese businessmen is that no matter how difficult the road is, we will achieve our goal at all costs. Then, Xinjiang people took the reporter away for a few days and saw several big characters on a big stone: how long has XXX suffered here? I won't talk about the specific years of the Qing dynasty, lest someone misunderstand the mining at that time. At that time, the characters left by jade miners reflected the difficulty of jade mining and the rarity of Hetian jade. The above is the mountain material of Hetian jade. Why is it called mountain material? It was mined, like a mine, in the mountains. Let me talk about the characteristics of mountain materials in detail.
Mountain materials are generally not small. We often see some big pieces of Ming and Qing dynasties, modern mountain ornaments and 999 bracelets, all made of Hetian mountain materials. A large number of people will say that their jade is: landscape materials. In fact, this is basically a wrong concept. There are only pure white mountain materials, mountain green materials, Gobi materials (why I put Gobi materials in the mountain materials later) and sugar materials. Say sugar first. I saw no less than 654.38+ten thousand pieces of jade in the shopping mall and jewelry street, not the price, but the quantity. Sugar accounts for 999% of the total. Let's do the math. That is to say, what I saw in the shopping mall and jewelry street was only 100 piece of Hetian jade, not sugar. How is sugar produced?
The formation of jade is the basis of100000 years. It's called: you can check the chemical composition of silicification at will, but it's meaningless. In this process, a mixture of soil and water will be colored in the mountain material, which is why the colors of sugar in the mountain material are yellow, brown (the most colorful), dark red and so on. This color is artificially difficult to fake, because a good sugar has no cracks. The technical term is "Ge", which is actually a crack. The ancients spoke in a low-key way, just like the ivory cracked: laughter cracked porcelain: text. Anyway, he didn't explain it. However, it is very difficult to make colors on a piece of jade without cracks, especially like sugar. Colors bloom slowly from the inside out, just like the paintings of Zhang Daqian and Li Keran. The color changes gradually and evenly, just like a mass of colored smoke in jade, which is easy to distinguish. Look more and you'll know it's sugar. It's not bad to buy sugar, because she is a piece: Hetian Shanyu. Recently, a lot of Gobi materials have been produced. One piece is neither too big nor too small, and the surface is one side, and the color is neither blue nor yellow. They are called Gobi materials. Most of them are fake, even if they are real, they have no intention of playing. They are the corners of the mountain material. Then, we don't know how to distinguish mountain materials from Russian materials. Density. Two pieces of jade with the same structure, one piece of Russian material and one piece of mountain material, the easiest way is to look at the density. Hetian jade is called the king of jade, which is inseparable from her density. It's simple. Those of us who often look at jade can get a general idea as long as we get started, weigh the weight and see if the jade is pressed or not, but we don't often get started. I'll teach you a method, you weigh it first. Then the mountain materials are used up, and the internal structure is exquisite and evenly distributed, giving off a feeling of oil and moisture from the inside out. This is very important. Whether this mountain material is white or blue, it has a greasy feeling. Don't think that the whiter the mountain material, the better. Most of the imperial seals of the Qing Dynasty were made of blue materials from Hotan Mountain. Don't trust me.
Mountain material has no skin color, but the skin color is unique to Hotan seed material, and the color of mountain material is only sugar color, that is, sugar jade, which is slowly infiltrated by water and soil. That's not skin, it's impurities. In ancient jade, the color of sugar should be removed, and only modern people use sugar as a pretty color to cut jade. I have seen a master make a decoration, which is a candy as big as a telephone and full of Qin color. 200,000 yuan, scary market reference price: 100 grams of mountain material, regardless of color or sugar-free carving. You like it yourself. Good oiliness and flawless density (strong pressure). RMB 30,000. Remember that the price is100g of top-grade mountain material. If it's a bracelet, it's 40 thousand Let's wait and see, if it's a kilo (500 grams) of Dashan jewelry, it must be made by a rich master if it can't pass 654.38+10,000 yuan. It seems that our cabbage weighs more than 30 kilograms and sells for 250 million yuan ... If we follow this algorithm, we will sell the mountain where the field produces ore ... (A: Friend, is this mine still for sale? B: Yes. How many wallets do you want? Business is bad now, so it's cheaper. Oh, look at you.
Sincerity, exchange half the world. ………………)
Seed material, the best material in hetian jade, is also the best jade in all jade. First of all, I have seen hundreds of thousands of jade. I have never seen suet jade. Don't think that one of your jade is suet jade, and don't think that your appraisal certificate says that you are suet jade, because it is based on whiteness, and it is called fat white. Let me tell you what this concept is. Sheep fat, have you seen it? I've seen it. It's yellow, like lard, so what does white mean? Appraisal institutions believe that if the whiteness reaches a certain level (with standards), it is fat white and can be called sheep fat jade. Sister, I thank you, fat, not white, okay? According to you, my toilet is suet-grade. However, I believe that one day the appraisal agency will get out of this misunderstanding. I'll go first.
Talk about the characteristics of seed material, and why I haven't seen sheep fat jade.
Nowadays, most people who play with jade are good at it: the seed material is mountain material, because of geological changes,
The produce matter roll in that river like pebbles. Wrong, all wet. Seed material is a kind of jade that can only be found in the bed of Yulong River in Xinjiang, and you can't find it, because the bed dried up eight generations ago, and now it is 5 to 50 meters deep underground, which is very narrow, but there is no mountain material jade in the upper reaches of the bed, and the mountain material mine is 500 kilometers away from there. This is from the geological point of view, but also from the jade aspect: the density of seed material is high, and the feeling of pressing hands is staggering. Some people play with jade all their lives, a piece of seed material. A piece of jade was washed away by water in the river for100000 years, and it was constantly hit by sand and stones in the middle. First of all, you are not dense, you have long since disappeared, which is why the seed materials are small and round (flat, triangular and so on). ), but they have no edges and corners. If you find a seed material like Maserati, you can buy lottery tickets. It can be understood that as long as the seed material exists in the world, it is. If I had a time machine to get back there before the Yulong River dried up, I would put 100 tons of mountain materials upstream to make them roll up. I'm telling you, there's not a piece left, and everything will be shattered. Because seed material and mountain material are basically two kinds of jade. How to see if the material in my hand is seed material?
First: fat. I put fat first to give you an idea. Even if I cut a seed material even the pores of the belt into cubes, I can still recognize it as seed material, just because she is fat. This kind of fat feels like a piece of oil. Although there are also mountain materials, the seed materials are very special. It is very quiet and fundamental to put it there, and it exudes the feeling of oil from the inside out. I don't know if you have eaten that sweet lard rice cake, and the good seed material is there, which is the feeling.
Second: there are few pores. The square for cutting the seed material is right there. The current practice is that even if you are a seed seal, she still has pores. There are also many misunderstandings about the concept of pores. Today, an erhu came to my shop and said to me with a piece of blue sea material: Look at my jade. How are the pores here? Finally, I told him: this is not a pore, but the surface structure of the unpolished blue ocean material. Stupid. How much did you pay for it? 30 thousand. oh, You can play if it's not expensive ................................................................................................................................................ .......... I saw many old men fighting jade together in the Tiangong, that is, how nice you are when you take one piece out, and how nice I am when I take one piece out, and flatter each other, darling, hello, how much is it worth, how comfortable the pores are, and how much did you buy it? Oh, as long as 20 yuan is not expensive, why should ........................................................................................................................................................... ruin this little satisfaction? Back to the point, frosted glass, right? The glass in the bathroom that blocks defecation and bathing is the worst and meanest way to create pores. The characteristic is exquisite and quite uniform, and it becomes flat after playing for 2 months. There is also a sand blasting technology, which uses something similar to a spray gun pen to spray jade powder on the jade where he wants it in Russia or mountain materials. It's hard to tell whether it's true or not, because there is glue in it, which is characterized by uniform particle size under high magnification, prickly and dry to the touch, and becomes flat after playing for 1 year. There is also knife cutting technology, which is a little advanced. Skilled craftsmen can play. It also uses an unrelated material to carve the shape of pores with a knife. Its characteristics are: rough, large imprint, no natural sense of natural distribution, rigid. The real pores are what is on each seed material. Every seed material I have seen, at least, has no pores, because in the eyes of the ancients, leaving pores is like unfinished and unsightly, and: ancient jade is rarely a seed material. True pores: thin, but irregular, some thin and some thick, but the whole is unified. It is impossible to say that the pores here are fine, and the pores there suddenly become large smooth parts. It feels smooth, not the same as it is made. Although your naked eye looks bumpy and feels surprisingly smooth, you can feel the porous structure, but your hands are not dry. If you shave your nails gently, there will be different levels. There is no prominent substance. If you look at it with a magnifying glass, there are only pits and no bumps. If there is a prominent substance, it is probably not seed material, because there will be no fly swatter to punch holes in the seed material. The simplest method: a piece of material, carved on the front, with air holes on the back arc, indicating that it is a follow-up material. If the density and fat content are enough, it can be considered as seed material.
Third: density density as I said before, since it is seed material, the density is definitely good, so what should I do if I encounter a small material? For example, most of the seed bracelets I have seen are not carved, because they are too small to handle. A string of original seed materials looks good when worn as a bracelet. There is little difference between carving and not carving, and sometimes it is too small to gild the lily, so most of the better bracelets sold now are the original ones that have not been carved. When you choose one by one, I'll tell you a way, look at the density, a dollar coin. If the size is the seed with little finger thickness, it is generally around 10g, which is equivalent to conversion. Buy a small scale, 30 yuan. This 10g scrap is top grade, and now it costs 1 1000, so be careful to remember that it is top grade, generally 1000.
Fourth: whiteness. I don't know why. The pursuit of this thing is because the pursuit of better whiteness makes most profiteers profitable and disrupts the market. First white: ivory glass second white: Guangzhou Kethleen third white: Russian fourth white: Qinghai fifth white: Afghan and Kunlun sixth white: mountain seventh white: in most cases, there are seed materials as white as ivory glass, but the fat content of this seed material must be bad. A good seed material must not be very white, but it can't be blue or blue. This is a concept of jade seed. Jade seed is a deep concept, which is beyond the understanding of anyone who is extremely smart and under five years old, and cannot be expressed by words. People who know jade in China can understand the concept of jade species no more than 100, so I can barely count one. Simply put, you see a piece.
Similar to ivory, the seed material with good fat content is a good jade species and can be bought.
Fifth: Skin color Ma Weidou has done a lot of research on skin color fraud, but after reading it, it is found that almost all of them are talking about ancient jade, because the profit of making skin color on ancient jade is considerable, but the price of making skin color on new jade has doubled in the past two years. The ancients said: Jade has five turbidity and is priceless. With five kinds of soft mud, she is valuable. Here I will talk about the sources of several kinds of soft mud (no reference, just my own observation and understanding). Water; Pale yellow mercury; Black soil; Dark yellow blood; Red copper; Green iron; Dark red shit; Brown corpse water; Red and dark yellow are intertwined ... don't laugh at why there is shit seepage, it is the simplest fake. These colors, called Qin, are not skin colors, but skin colors and Qin colors are two concepts. Almost all the colors mentioned above were formed in jade after ancient jade was buried. After hundreds of years of erosion, my personal understanding is that putting a good seed material in any of these things 1000 years, hair can't get in.
I firmly believe in one sentence: good skin without good meat, good meat without skin means: a natural seed material, if the skin color is beautiful, sorry, the structure is big, pay attention, it is a big structure, not a small density. On the other hand, the seed material with compact structure has no epidermis, only holes. Why? Because the skin can't get up. How did the skin get on the jade? I tell you, so far, I have seen the most genuine leather, which is sprinkled with gold. It is yellow and faintly formed on the surface of jade. If there is no crack, as long as you cut it, the skin will be gone. It is distributed on jade like running water, irregular, without lines and out of control. This is genuine leather. There is also a bordeaux skin. The jade is loose in structure, beautiful in color like jujube, dark red, covered with jade one by one, and regular without grain. This is genuine leather, which is extremely rare. If you are not a person who often goes to the market to see materials, you won't have a chance to see Bordeaux skins. What you see is fake, and it is really in the hands of a few collectors. Other skin colors, such as autumn pear skin, black skin, red skin, green skin, pink skin, purple skin and other weird skin colors, you don't have to think about anything: they are all fake because only water can form skin colors. Different from Qin, jade with low density is easy to be colored, but seed material is impossible. Because of its high density, it takes 6.5438 million years for water to leave a little yellow on the seed material, even the bordeaux skin on the loose seed material can only be removed with one knife. Therefore, I can firmly say: Don't play with leather after playing with jade. Look at the technology of making leather, just like you don't want to eat after watching the back court of the hotel. I don't know or want to know the so-called topaz, topaz, Huang Longyu, jet, jasper and hibiscus jade, which may be a bit extreme. In my opinion, I know the principle of jade color, so in my opinion, there is no need to play with them, and I don't want to know them.
Sixth: the structure puts the seed material in the side light, and the structure is large and small, which we call tight and loose. Of course, the tighter the structure, the better. My friend has a piece of material, and the structure can hardly be seen when he hits it. It's a top-grade car, and the price is a mid-range car. Of course, ivory glass also has this feature, but it is light and has no structure. Under normal circumstances, the structure of seed material is evenly distributed in strips, which is a bit like the surface of towel gourd, occasionally accompanied by black spots or white crystalline substances, which is the characteristic of seed material. Of course, the tightly structured seed materials without these things are the best. Friends who don't often run the market or don't pay attention to it are unlikely to see a seed material without structure. Try not to have illusions, because the seed material is sold less now, and the price is not fried, but there is really no material.
Seventh: Work can also be called: Gong Yun: Jade is rough and abrasive. I can understand friends who play with pure materials. Personally, jade is old and new. Even if you are a jade in Hongshan Culture, it will exist for thousands of years, which is nine Niu Yi hairs compared with the time when the jade was formed. I will recognize whoever works well and throw away the historical value. I think 10 years, no jade carving skill of any dynasty can compare with ours. If you don't know what good jade is, go to Baidu and look at the pictures: Yang (,), Jiang (,), Fang (Bao), Cui Lei (Ivy Jade Society) and so on. After reading it, you will feel yourself. Take a piece of material of 20,000 yuan. No matter which grandfather carved it, it became 80,000 yuan, and the first two grandfathers got 1 10,000 yuan, so it was left: the supply was in short supply. If you want to get a good material and let them process it, there is no way. And so on: if the material is 6,543,800 yuan, it is 300,000 yuan. According to the material, it's not 80 thousand yuan ... jade is really spiritual. Believe it or not, choosing a jade with a good theme will help you. Even without help, you will have a spiritual sustenance. This is very similar to religious ideas. Different people have different opinions. It is good to worship God. If you worship God too much, God will naturally bless you ... Finally, he kicked a monk out ... These are almost the big characteristics of the seed material, and there are many details. It is not good to talk too deeply, and it is easy to be confused. It is enough to know the above things. In short, when playing jade, you should know what you are playing, whether it is meaningful, whether it can bring you different things and improve your level.
Also, the so-called suet jade is the seed material, and each of the seven categories is the best and outstanding, which I have never seen.
Don't play with other kinds of jade. Too many, boring. The identification method is simple. According to the above, if it is not Russian material, mountain material and seed material, then it is other kinds of jade. The market price of 1 00g cannot exceed 1000 yuan, and the bulk of1kg cannot exceed 3000 yuan, otherwise, it will be given.