During the Southern Ming Dynasty, the Hong Guang regime in Nanking and the Longwu regime in Fuzhou were short-lived dynasties, which lasted less than two years and then perished. After 1646, 65438+ February, Gui Wang Zhu Youlang was proclaimed emperor by the adherents of the Ming Dynasty in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, and established the Li Yong regime, which lasted 16 years and took a long time. Just as he proclaimed himself emperor in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, Zhu, the younger brother of Emperor Changwu, also proclaimed himself emperor in Guangzhou and built Shaowu in Jianyuan. Li Yong and Shaowu, two crumbling regimes, are unaware of the danger, fighting for the so-called orthodox status, attacking each other, fighting in their own way, regardless of the current enemies. Taking this opportunity, the generals of Ming Dynasty, Tong Yangjia and Li Chengdong, led the Qing army to raid Guangzhou, ending the nest of Shaowu regime in one fell swoop, and all the royal families gathered in Guangzhou were slaughtered. Shaowu regime only existed for 40 days. Therefore, historians only listed it in Seo Woo, Long Wu, and did not count it as a year. Emperor Li Yong was shocked when he heard the news. At the end of 65438 10, Li Yong first arrived in Wuzhou and then fled to Guilin ... The Li Yong regime was basically a wandering regime, and its history was a history of constant escape. From the beginning of Jianyuan, he kept running away until the end of the dynasty, and he never stopped wandering. Suffered from the cold and hardships, the situation is extremely sinister. Without solid judicial power, civil servants use rape, military officers use force, and the party opposes differences. The nominally owned army is also heterogeneous, mixed and has different ambitions. More is to borrow its name. From the beginning, he showed severe anemia, but in comparison, Li Yongchao was quite prominent in the Southern Ming Dynasty, and Zhu Youlang himself had a moral image and a certain appeal. And the king and queen he canonized are also famous in history. If you don't live in troubled times, you are also a model couple. At the critical moment of the court's life and death, it seems to be very assertive. Unfortunately, she was born at a bad time, and the Nanming regime always lingered in turmoil. Because of this, she lived in exile for life and was ready for hardship. After death, there will be no posthumous title, no grand funeral or even a grave. Even civilians don't deserve this honor when they die. Sad husband!
Wang (? ), Zhu Youlang's queen, the last emperor Li Yong? ~ 1662), from Zhejiang. Father Wang slightly, the official to Guangdong County Wei, sealing Longbo Prefecture. As the last queen, Wang's fate is naturally tragic. She is virtuous, comes from everyone, has received a good traditional education from Confucianism, and is always quiet and elegant, and treats people with humility. She always stays in the internal affairs office, doing things properly and without leaking. Zhu Youlang's big and small issues are handled by her. Zhu Youlang (A.D. 1623- 1662) is the grandson of Zhu Heren. Attack, Chongzhen year seal, seal the king as a princess. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, she moved to Guangxi with Zhu Youlang and lived in Wuzhou. In September of the second year of Longwu (1646), the news of emperor Longwu's martyrdom came. The governors of Guangdong and Guangxi, Ding Kuichu, Qu Shizhen, Lu Daqi, Chen Zizhuang and others discussed that King Gui and Zhu Youlang should inherit the throne because of their recent blood relationship, so they set up Wang Gui to supervise the country.
However, Zhu Youlang's stepmother, Tai Fei, disagreed, thinking that Zhu Youlang had no talent for governing the country and hoped that ministers would choose other talents. Ministers said: the country is at stake, and the toffee should put the country first and should not think too much about personal gains and losses. Besides, Princess Yongming is famous, and his wife and husband seldom make mistakes. A soldier who leads a fruitful life outside has a good wife at heart. Why should he worry about the great cause of his ancestors? Princess Matthew doesn't know how to answer. In desperation, they had to agree to their request.
In the winter and November of the second year of Longwu, Gui Wang Zhu Youlang ascended the throne in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, and changed his position. Respect your mother as the empress dowager and make the king the queen. In this way, the last regime of Nanming was established, which was also the longest among several small dynasties of Nanming, and lasted for 16 years.
The small court established in troubled times is naturally difficult.
In the spring of the first year of Li Yong (1647), Kong Youde and Geng led the Qing army to attack Hunan. He Tengjiao's ministry, Liu, gave up Hunan and led the army into Guilin, nominally to defend the royal family, but in fact, he wanted to hold the emperor to make the princes. They coerced Li Yong and other royal families to Wugang in the mountainous area of western Hunan, and changed Wugang to Fengtianfu as the capital of Nanming at that time. Liu monopolized the power of North Korea and ordered the world. The tragedy of the last emperor was that fate could not be dominated by himself, but was in the hands of powerful ministers and could only be manipulated by them. Its bleak mood is more than 1000 times better than that of ordinary people. Emperor Li Yong also consulted with the king and queen to contact the loyal king of the rebels, but he finally gave up because he could not be trusted. In July of the same year, the Qing soldiers attacked Changde and Baoqing and directly committed Fengtianfu. Liu couldn't stop the fierce offensive of the Qing army, feeling that the tide was gone and the emperor was useless. So I thought of Emperor Li Yong as a gift of loyalty to the Qing court, and secretly sent someone to contact Kong Youde. The two sides had a fierce bargain. Liu wanted to maximize the benefits, while Kong Youde threatened to win the battle and build Vu Thang to delay the time and completely destroy the insurgents. Both sides have their own plans, and they didn't talk about it for a while.
At this critical moment, the good reputation of the queen of Shu Xian played a role. Liu runs a primary school in his military camp. With the help of the queen, she managed to tell the news to an eunuch around the queen. The queen hurried to strengthen the defense with the palace guards, and at the same time looked for opportunities to flee hastily. There is heavy rain on the road again, and the wind is crazy and the rain is sudden. The party is like a drowned rat, flustered and full of complaints. Frustration and disappointment over the future hung over the fleeing team. Although the Queen Wang has a high fever, she looks as if nothing has happened, and constantly encourages everyone to arrange the bewildered team in an orderly way. She sent people around looking for food and contacted the armed forces of Qinwang. On the border of Hunan and Guangxi, I met Hou Bo, the chief commander of the Ming Dynasty who came to meet me. If the emperor and his entourage saw the light in the dark cave, they suddenly grew up. They were first accepted by Hou Xing in Miao area, and then rushed to Liuzhou. At that time, Qu Shizhen had been fighting in Guangxi and became a strong force against the Qing Dynasty, keeping the stronghold of Guilin and avoiding the fall of most parts of Guangxi. When Qu Shizhen learned that Emperor Li Yong had gone south, he sent troops to welcome the palace back to Guilin as soon as possible. For a time, Guilin became the foundation of a stable and permanent regime.
Before and after the flight, the calm, brave and knowledgeable manner of Queen Wang left a deep impression on people. People also sincerely admire the extraordinary strategy of the Queen Mother, which greatly enhances people's confidence in the regime. There is also love in a turbulent life. In March of the second year (1648), the queen gave birth to her son Ci, and the emperor announced an amnesty for the little prince.
After the Nanming regime moved to Guilin, the Qing court stepped up its pursuit of aggression. In order to boost morale, Queen Wang personally came to the front line and took the lead in giving all the food, silver and clothes accumulated in the harem to the soldiers guarding the city. When things were not enough to send, she took off her hair clips, earrings and other ornaments on the spot and donated all the valuable things. Inspired by the queen's righteous act, Qu Shizhen's wife and other generals' wives also donated all their gold, silver and jewels. The soldiers in front were deeply encouraged and moved to tears, and their morale suddenly increased. They repelled the Qing army several times and won the battle of Guilin.
The virtuous voice of the king and queen has become a topic of praise in the ruling and opposition circles for a time, and a good reputation is like a cloud in the sky, which is blown far away by the wind. Rebels scattered all over the country also issued a statement accepting the constraints of the Nanming court.
In the face of such a good situation, Queen Wang suggested that the emperor should bury the hatchet and establish a broader anti-Qing United front. Then first of all, we must form an alliance with the former enemy, the peasant army that overthrew the Ming Dynasty, and jointly resist the Qing Dynasty. Zhu Youlang thought it was. So the court sent someone to contact the remnants of Dashun Army in Li Zicheng. Since the death of Li Zicheng, the remaining forces have been divided into two branches, namely, Hao, Liu Tichun and Gao Yi. Successively in Hunan and Hubei, together with He Tengjiao, Governor of Minghuguang, and Du Yinxi, Governor of Hubei, fought against the Qing Dynasty. 1648, Hao participated in the defense of Guilin. At the end of the year, the Qing army was defeated in Quanzhou and entered Hunan. In Hunan, the surplus of Dashun Army, together with the troops of He Tengjiao and Qu Shizhen, won the victory and almost recovered the whole territory of Hunan. At this time, the anti-Qing struggle in Guangdong and Sichuan rose again. Jiangxi general Jin Shenghuan and Guangzhou general Li Chengdong successively. Anyway, the anti-Qing forces behind the Qing army also launched a large-scale offensive. The area controlled by Li Yong regime expanded to seven provinces including Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi and Sichuan. At that time, the prestige increased greatly, and there was a rare anti-Qing struggle in the Southern Ming Dynasty.
However, the Li Yong regime is a combination of various forces, with many internal contradictions. Civilian military commanders despise each other and fight for power and profit. Moreover, among civil servants, there is a distinction between "eunuch" and "clean stream", among military commanders, there is a dispute between "Wu Party" and "Chu Party", and there is a difference between rebel army and regular army. Various political forces attacked each other. The generals of the Ming dynasty wanted to use the rebels to attack the enemy. As long as things get a little better, everyone will fight for their own career. The rebels are the object of exclusion from all sides. How can we unite and bear the burden of humiliation? This gave the Qing army an opportunity. 1649- 1650, the generals of the peasant army, He Tengjiao and Qu Shizhen, were captured and sacrificed in the battles of Xiangtan and Guilin, and the Qing army reoccupied Hunan and Guangxi. Other newly recovered lost land has also been lost. Soon, Lee Guo died, and his son Li Laiheng was very sad. Together with other peasant army generals, he led the troops to break away from the Nanming regime and fight against the Qing Dynasty independently.
Once the good situation is lost, it will never come again. Zhu Youlang was rushed to the hospital and lived for six years (1652) in winter and October. He reluctantly accepted the proposal of opposing the Qing Dynasty with Li Dingguo and the rest of Zhang, which was a bad reputation. Knowing that there are tigers in the mountains, he tends to go to Tiger Mountain, which is also a lucky move. Zhu Youlang led all members of the royal family to Sun Kewang's base camp, Anlong College (now Guizhou Anlong). To put it mildly, Sun Kewang wanted to respect him as an emperor; To put it mildly, when he was desperate, he took refuge or put himself in a cage. Sun Kewang changed Hanlong Palace to Hanlong Palace as the emperor's palace. In fact, Sun Kewang just wanted to borrow his signboard. Where does he put Emperor Li Yong in his eyes? Let alone listen to his command. Every year, he gave the royal family 8,000 taels of silver, 30,000 Jin of flour and 600 Shi of rice as rations for Emperor Li Yong and his courtiers. Of course, his salary is gone. In Sun Kewang's mind, he never took the huge imperial court as one thing. He sent an official document to his subordinate officials, and only wrote one sentence: "An emperor, a queen and several subordinate officials". At that time, Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo still owned the whole territory of Yunnan, and they still had certain influence, posing a threat to the Qing Dynasty. As long as we work hard, the situation will not get out of control. Sadly, however, at this critical moment, irreconcilable contradictions broke out between Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo, and the situation took a turn for the worse and lost its advantage. Sun Kewang was jealous of Li Dingguo's power and great potential, and plotted to kill Li Dingguo. Unwilling to be humiliated, Li Dingguo had to lead 80,000 soldiers to flee, left Guangxi from the east, and captured Guilin all the way, so that Kong Youde, the Qing king stationed in Guilin, was defeated and died. Then, he invaded Hunan and killed Ni Kan, commander-in-chief of the Qing army in Hengzhou. "Two famous kings shook the world." . Then he avoided Guangdong, hoping to jointly recover Guangzhou with Zheng Chenggong, but he lost the battle and was badly hurt.
At this time, only Sun Kewang has great power. Have it both ways, one of the most important ministers of Yong Dynasty, took refuge in Sun Kewang. Liu Wenxiu also attacked Sichuan and recovered southern Sichuan. Zhang Huangyan and other anti-Qing armies along the southeast coast also accepted the title of Li Yong. Ma Jixiang, the court minister of the Southern Ming Dynasty, was obsessed with longevity and wealth by eunuchs, and even encouraged Sun Kewang to usurp the throne. As the situation was favorable to Sun Kewang, Li Yong was afraid to speak out and was as timid as a mouse in the face of arrogant and rude Sun Kewang. However, the impudence of these powerful people and Sun Kewang's ambition aroused the great indignation of 65,438+08 people, including North Korean ministers Wu Zhenyu, Zhang Fulu and Quan. They secretly contacted Li Dingguo, who was about to leave for Guangdong, and asked him to go to Li to save his life and meet the emperor. Who knows, it's not a secret, the news leaked out. In March of the eighth year of Li Yong (1654), the "secret imperial prison" in Daxing, Sun Kewang, arrested people everywhere and killed people everywhere. For a time, white terror enveloped the whole Nanming court. Zhang Fulu and the whole motherland rushed to the Palace of Kunning, pleading with the Queen for mercy, thinking that perhaps only the moral strength of the Queen could save them. I don't know that Pang Tianshou and others have been chasing after him, regardless of the ceremony of the monarch and the minister, forcibly breaking into the palace gate and capturing Zhang Fulu and Quan for the country in front of the king and queen. The queen failed, but was abused by Pang Tianshou. The king's queen has never been so angry with such a despicable person. She choked up and couldn't speak. As a result, all 18 who wanted to turn Gan Kun around were killed. Ma Jixiang and Pang Tianshou are both nn villains. When they see that the royal family is lonely, they will cling to the powerful and flatter Sun Kewang. They told Sun Kewang that, in fact, his biggest enemy was not the murdered 18 people, but they were just small, and the leader was the Queen Mother. Her saving her life in Kunning Palace is the best reason to kill her. Therefore, they ordered their comrades to go to the emperor forever, detailing the unwarranted crimes of the king and queen in interfering in state affairs and undermining the rules of their ancestors, and advocated immediate abolition. The reason why they did this was to pave the way for Sun Kewang to ascend to the throne.
After learning the details, the Queen Wang was full of thoughts. With tears in her eyes, she cried to Emperor Li Yong, "This is really the last sorrow. There are no loyal people. The tragedy of Wang Mang usurping the Han Dynasty at the end of the Western Han Dynasty will be repeated. Why did Daming fail them and ruin Daming? " After crying, Li Yong also cried, sighing speechless and helpless. Just the development of the situation, Sun Kewang had to weigh the pros and cons, afraid to start. The queen saved her life, and also let the emperor Li Yong continue to linger for a long time.
1656, Li Dingguo returned to Yunnan. Sun Kewang led an army to attack Li Dingguo. Sun Kewang's army is numerous, but his popularity has declined. He is arrogant and jealous, and his morale is not valued. Many soldiers defected before the battle, and Li Dingguo triumphed all the way, taking away Li Yong kidnapped by Sun Kewang. In A.D. 1658, in desperation, Sun Kewang led the army against the Qing Dynasty, while Guizhou, Guangxi and other places were occupied by the Qing army, leaving little room for Zhu Youlang. Zhu Youlang had no choice but to take refuge in Myanmar temporarily. The Burmese disarmed him and put him in a thatched cottage.
The curse of water in the 13th year of Li Yong (1659), in the first month, the Qing soldiers pursued him in three ways. Emperor Li Yong fled to Myanmar and lived in several bamboo houses, temporarily avoiding the soldiers of the Qing army. The only source of life is to do business with local people, and life is extremely difficult. Because of the long-term running and fatigue, Queen Wang's mood is getting worse and worse, and she is infected with the disease. Li Dingguo has repeatedly made representations to welcome him back to Yunnan, but he was rejected by the King of Myanmar.
Gu Cheng recorded in the History of the Southern Ming Dynasty that Zhu Youlang, Mu and other court attendants entered Myanmar on January 26th in the 16th year of Shunzhi, and arrived in Mamo on 29th. Local Burmese officials came to meet them, and Emperor Li Yong gave them gold medals and silk. At that time, Guizhou Gongmu, Hua Tinghou and Li, the eunuch of the East Palace, were still relatively clear-headed. They think that if the fate of the court is completely under the protection of Myanmar, if the attitude of the Myanmar authorities changes, it will bring unpredictable consequences. Therefore, after discussion, * * * made a suggestion: "This place belongs to the border of Myanmar and has not yet gone deep. If you send half the civil and military soldiers into Myanmar with Zhu Youlang and half the prince into Chashan to dispatch troops, you can rely on foreign aid even if you enter Myanmar. " Otherwise, if you go deep into the Yi acupoint, the sound consumption will be blocked inside and outside, and eventually you will be sleepy. "Emperor Li Yong thinks this suggestion is reasonable and can be considered. But Wang Zhonggong was reluctant to let his son stay away from him and insisted.
Sure enough, in the 15th year of Li Yong (166 1), a coup took place in Myanmar, and the Golden House White Elephant King was killed by his younger brother Bai Meng and became king himself. In A.D. 1662, Wu Sangui invaded Myanmar and demanded Zhu Youlang from King Mangbai of Myanmar. Because Mangbai had just killed his younger brother, he was unstable internally and afraid of Wu Sangui, so he had to agree to Wu Sangui's request. Meng Bai pretended to swear with Zhu Youlang and asked his followers to cross the river to discuss and drink water. Due to the tension between the two sides, civil and military officials are suspicious and afraid of bad luck, and no one dares to go.
But people under the eaves have to bow their heads. At Myanmar's insistence, university students, Wen 'an Hou Majixiang, eunuch Li Guotai and others suggested that Mu Tianbo, Duke of Guizhou, go with them to show their peace of mind. Ma Jixiang and others knew that Mu was an important figure in Ming, Qing and Southwest border countries and chieftains, and thought that only when Mu was present, there would be minimum security and no accidents.
Mu Tian Bo is in danger and agrees to accompany him. At dawn the next day, Ma Jixiang and others called 42 officials across the river to make a wish and drank the cursed water together, leaving only 13 officials and lame company commander Deng Kai guarding the "palace". When the civil and military officials arrived at the bottom of the tower, they were surrounded by 3000 Burmese soldiers. The Myanmar commander ordered Mu Tian Bo to be dragged out of the encirclement, deliberately keeping him alive. Mu Tianbo knew that he was born with elbow and armpit, so he got up and bravely grabbed the guard's broadsword to resist and killed nine Burmese soldiers. Company commanders Wei Bao, Wang Sheng and Wang Qilong also grabbed sticks to fight back. They were all killed because they were outnumbered, which is also known as the curse of water.
Burmese troops immediately poured into the "palaces" of Li Yong's monarchs and ministers and robbed women. Zhu Youlang panicked and quickly decided to hang himself with the Queen of the Palace. Deng Kai, the chief bodyguard, advised, "The Queen Mother is old and has drifted away in a foreign land. The emperor has been unfaithful since he lost his country. Can it be filial piety to abandon the queen mother today? " Did you forgive Emperor Gao for going underground? "Emperor Li Yong gave up his suicide plan.
Burmese soldiers gathered 25 members of the royal family, including Emperor Li Yong, Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager and Prince, in a small room and insulted the others and their families. When the search for Burmese soldiers was fruitless, the Myanmar minister came to Shanshan and pretended to tell Burmese soldiers to stop.
After this incident, the nobles, ladies-in-waiting, ministers' wives and daughters in the palace all had a premonition that the end was not far away, and sadness fell on everyone's head like night. More than 65,438,000 people, including Liu He, Ji Wang and his concubine, have hanged themselves. Whenever she heard these unfortunate news, the Queen Wang cried and said to her servants, "I am not a person who is afraid of death, but I can't die like them. Because Queen Matthew (the mother of Emperor Li Yong) is still here, and so is the emperor. They need me. I died clean, but can I live after Matthew? Isn't the emperor worse? So I can't die before them! " As a result, the queen dragged her seriously ill body and stepped forward to safeguard the endgame of the eternal dynasty.
Knowing that it was difficult to get away, Zhu Youlang wrote to Wu Sangui with tears in his eyes. He first rebuked Wu Sangui for his treachery and ingratitude, and then expressed his regret: I am weak now, and my fate hangs in your hands. If I can keep one alive, I will give up everything. Willing to be a farmer whose livelihood depends on food, self-reliance. Wu Can Sangui betrayed his old master, how could he betray his new master? I thought I was working hard, so I refused his invitation and stepped up my efforts to urge Zhu Youlang to meet the king of Myanmar.
In the 16th year of Li Yong (1662), in February, the king of Myanmar saw that Emperor Li Yong had been basically eradicated, so he simply carried Emperor Zhu Youlang of Li Yong to Wu Sangui military camp and handed it over to Wu Sangui, a general of the Qing army. His family of 25 people cried bitterly and cried all over the valley. Poor Emperor Li Yong, his mother and wife were escorted to Kunming.
Wu Sangui, the border ghost, not rude. He was cold-blooded and heartless, and he was politically obedient to Li Yong Emperor Zhu Youlang, but he treated them well in life. Emperor Li Yong still wears his old royal clothes. He is wearing a "horse hair corrugated hat", a "silk sleeve robe" and a "yellow ribbon" around his waist. He "behaves appropriately" and dresses appropriately. In addition, Emperor Li Yong was tall, plump and handsome. At the age of 39, he showed a kind of heroism, and he still maintained his imperial demeanor. He was imprisoned indoors and often sat still. No matter who came to deliver the meal or someone came to watch, he was indifferent and said nothing. A soldier couldn't help admiring: "This is the real emperor!"
Wu Sangui also took time to see him, but was righteously condemned by Zhu Youlang of Li Yong, which made Wu Sangui, a hero, afraid to see him again. Miyaichi, the head of Emperor Li Yong's family department, bought wine and vegetables to be presented to Emperor Li Yong, but the guards did not allow it. Gong Yi snapped, "I am a courtier and want to see my husband. Why not? Kuang Junchen's righteousness cannot be ignored. " I asked to see you. Why should I stop you? "The guards dare not teach themselves. After asking Wu Sangui for instructions, they were allowed to visit because they felt guilty. Gongyi gave a banquet, invited Li Yong to meet him, made three obeisances and nine obeisances, and respectfully presented him with wine. Emperor Li Yong was not good at drinking. At this time, there was a feeling of rustling in the wind, and he was so sad that he burst into tears. Gong Yi fell to the ground and cried and talked, repeatedly persuading. Li Yong only drank three glasses of wine, and Gong Yi bowed again. Suddenly, he jumped up and hit his head on the post. His head was broken and he died. Li Yong was caught off guard and stunned. After reflecting, he jumped on himself, heartbroken and fainted from crying. ...
Li Yong, his mother and his wife were all captured by Wu Sangui. Whether they are alive or dead, they can't know. They are waiting for the final result. In the days when time flies, only sadness and tears accompany them. However, the ultimate fate soon came to them!
According to some historical records, there was an officer named La Zhang Jing in the Qing army. He secretly contacted some Manchu people, prepared to hijack Emperor Li Yong, and fled to Shaanxi as a monarch, "in order to be immortal". But because of carelessness, the news leaked. Wu Sangui was so frightened that he quickly arrested 1 1, the principal conspirator of the uprising, and executed him with the most cruel flogging. In order to prevent big sleep and rebirth, Wu Sangui accelerated the decision to dispose of Li Yong.
Wu Sangui wrote to the Qing court, saying bluntly that if Emperor Li Yong was escorted back to Beijing, he might be in danger of being robbed by anti-Qing people. Approved by the Qing court, it was executed on the spot according to law. /kloc-in April of 0/4, Wu Sangui took Zhu Youlang and 25 members of his family to Bizipo, Kunming to hang himself. On the way to be escorted by the Qing army, Queen Wang thought of a generation of queens, so she died of humiliation and was unwilling. It is better to die tragically than in disgrace. So she and Queen Matthew encouraged each other and strangled themselves in the sill car. Be strong! The fierce queen. The moment they died, it rained cats and dogs, and the mountains and rivers mourned for it!
In fact, Li Yong's regime was as corrupt as Hongguang's and Longwu's regimes, but some personal qualities of Emperor Li Yong were quite praised. He has a simple style, hates prosperity, doesn't drink, is silent and can't play well, loves listening, is loyal to his mother and loves his wife. His beautiful quality won people's admiration. And because he and Queen Wang were a virtuous couple, they died so tragically that they could arouse more sympathy and shed more sad tears. Some people who are dissatisfied with the new regime are also pinning their nostalgia for the motherland.