As early as 1000 years ago, the ancestors of the Dai people wrote many beautiful and touching myths and legends, fables, novels, poems and so on. There are more than 550 long poems written in Dai language alone.
Zhao Shutun, Nanmu Nannuo and Hulu Letter are his representative works, which have been adapted into movies and plays and are deeply loved by the masses.
Dai dance has a high artistic level and distinctive national characteristics, and its movements are mostly the analogy and beautification of animal behaviors, such as the popular "peacock dance" and "Elephant Foot Drum Dance".
Dai music is very pleasant to listen to. Besides dancing, it is often combined with poetry.
Sculpture and painting also have distinctive features.
Dai people believe in Buddhism, and pagodas and Buddhist temples can be seen everywhere in Dai areas.
Bamboo House, a folk house in A Dai, is the most typical existing dry-column building in China, with simple and unique shape and cool and comfortable residence.
Dai men have the custom of tattooing, which shows courage and beauty and can also attract the love of the opposite sex.
History and culture
Legend of the Water-splashing Festival According to folklore, in ancient times, the place where Dai people lived suffered successive disasters.
There is no rain in summer, no wind in spring, no sunshine in autumn and rainy in winter.
Whether it is sunny or not, whether it rains or not, the four seasons are confused, crops can't be planted, fields and wasteland are abandoned, people and animals are infected, and mankind is facing extinction.
The man known as Paya Night, seeing such a scene, decided to go to heaven to find out the reason and told the heavenly king Ying Da Tira.
He made wings out of four boards and flew into the sky, reporting the human disaster to King Tira of Ying Da.
When I inquired about the smell of fragrant jacquard petals, I knew that the God in charge of wind, thunder, electricity, rain, sunny and cloudy was holding Madian Daraza, ignoring the rules of drought, rain and cold formulated by Ma Peng, and relying on the vast magical powers, deliberately created chaos.
And this one holds Madian Dalaza, and his magic is brilliant, and the gods are helpless to him.
In order to punish the God who abused * * *, Ying Da Tira dressed up as a handsome boy and went to visit a girl at Dalaza's house in Pengmadian.
The seven daughters who were imprisoned in the palace for a long time by Madian Dalaza fell in love with this handsome boy at first sight.
Ying Da Tila will hold Madiandala hostage, which will bring disaster to the world and make mankind face extinction. Seven kind-hearted girls who have been angry with their fathers all the time are determined to put righteousness above family loyalty and save mankind.
They gather around their father every day to coquetry and explore the secret of his life and death.
Facing the charming girl, Dalaza in Pengmadian finally revealed the secret: he is not afraid of knives, arrows, fire or floods, but only the hair on his head.
When the girls found out the secret, they drank their father as drunk as a fiddler, took the opportunity to cut off a lock of his hair and made a bow. When they aimed the bowstring at Madian Dalachai's neck, his head suddenly fell off.
But the head of Dalaza in Pengmadian is a devil's head, and the fire is in a mess.
Seven girls saw it, regardless of safety, and rushed to their heads in emotion, and the divine fire went out.
In order to put out the magic fire, the seven girls had to hold the devil in their arms and keep spinning until their heads rotted.
Every time the two sisters take turns, they will splash water on each other to wash away the stains and eliminate the odor.
After the death of Madian Dalachai, Mahapeng in Shuluba rebuilt the calendar, took charge of the wind and rain, and the weather was good, so the people lived and worked in peace.
Legend has it that the revised calendar was announced to his father in June after the Dai calendar.
Therefore, the Dai people regard June, when the new calendar is announced, as New Year's Day.
People splash water on each other during the Chinese New Year, so as to forget the seven kind girls who are disloyal and heartless, and to drive away evil spirits and seek good luck to be passed down to this day.
Generally speaking, it takes three or four days for the Dai calendar to celebrate the New Year, which is usually called "Wan Mai", "Wan Fan" and "Mai Pai Ya Wan Ma".
"Wanmai" is the day to say goodbye to the old year, which is somewhat similar to the New Year's Eve of the Lunar New Year.
On this day, people should prepare food for the New Year, bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year. Dai is the most populous minority in Xishuangbanna, with exquisite bamboo houses and beautiful peacock dance.
Dai girls are beautiful in costumes, graceful in posture and good at singing and dancing, which is one of the charming scenery in Xishuang.
The bamboo building where Dai people live is a dry-column building.
The bamboo building is approximately square, supported by dozens of large bamboos, and the floor is suspended; The roof is covered with thatched rows, and the bamboo wall has a large gap, which is both ventilated and light-permeable. The slope on both sides of the roof is very large, showing an "A" shape.
The bamboo building is divided into two floors, where people live upstairs, livestock are raised downstairs and sundries are piled up. It's also a place for rice and weaving.
Dai men usually wear collarless double-breasted shirts and long-sleeved trousers wrapped in white or blue cloth.
Dai women's clothing varies from place to place, but it is basically characterized by bunches of hair, skirts and shirts.
The skirt is ankle-deep, the clothes are tight and short, the hem only reaches the waist, but the sleeves are long and narrow.
The Dai people take rice as their staple food, and the most distinctive one is bamboo tube rice.
The production method is to put rice in a fresh bamboo tube, add water, and barbecue on the fire, which is fragrant and delicious.
Pu 'er tea, a specialty of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, was exported to all parts of China in the Tang Dynasty and Southeast Asia and South Asia in the Qing Dynasty. Now it has entered the markets of Japan, Western Europe and other countries and regions and become a famous tea at home and abroad.
Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture is rich in special products, including 1 10 kinds of fruits alone. There are many kinds of animals and plants here, which are called "plant kingdom" and "animal kingdom".
199 1 year, Xishuangbanna national nature reserve was officially opened to the outside world, and people can visit the treasure house of nature and enjoy the rich subtropical customs.
The Dai people in Xishuangbanna, love the water, are a people who are predestined friends with water and are called water people.
The folk proverb says that "bubbles drift with the waves, Dai families follow the flowing water" and "water makes the world, and the world depends on water".
In Dai people's mind, water is the milk that breeds all things and the source of blood for life.
The Dai epic "Batama Gapeng Shangluo" says that the earth is made up of water and other substances.
It is the place where water is formed, and water is the source of all things.
In the Dai medical monograph Five Notes on Guita, the capital of Batavita (earth), the capital of Apperta (water), the capital of Diezhuo (fire) and the capital of Yue Ji (wind) are interpreted as the material origins of human body.
Water acts as glue and is the source of life.
Dai people realize that water not only has the functions of drinking, washing, shipping, irrigation and driving waterwheels, but also has the function of nourishing everything.
Dai people have an indissoluble bond with water.
"Dai Dian" stipulates: "There must be thousands of rivers to build dreams." Abundant water resources are one of the important conditions for the Dai people to choose a site to build a village and settle down.
As the folk saying goes, "fishing in the front village, hunting in the back village, building a village by mountain and water", "no mountain, no hunting, no river, no village", so Dai villages are built by water.
The Dai people's attachment to water is also related to the customs and climate of their place of residence.
During the Chinese New Year, Dai people have activities such as bathing Buddha, splashing water and rowing dragon boats, all of which are inseparable from water. The subtropical high temperature requires people to take a bath several times a day; Dai people grow rice in boiling water fields, and water is also needed for irrigation.
Dai people cannot live without water.
Because the Dai people regard water as an important substance that constitutes the human body, they attach great importance to the cleanliness of drinking water.
Dai people live near rivers, but they only bathe and wash in rivers instead of drinking.
They want to find another water source and build drinking water wells.
In order to prevent pollution, well sites and well houses should be built for all wells to prevent pollutants from falling into well water.
Many wells also have well towers, which seal the wellhead tightly, leaving only one water intake to prevent mountains and rivers from rushing into the well.
The water on the Dai bamboo house is also divided into "south purification" and "south sprinkling fire" (drinking water and water).
"Nan Jing" is often placed in a place with high eaves; People will never cook, boil water or make soup with "Nansa Fire".
It is commendable that the Dai people have long noticed the importance of preventing water pollution and taken effective measures to prevent pollution.
Travel tips 1. In order to prevent mosquitoes and glare, umbrellas are needless to say, and mosquito repellent and sunscreen products need to be prepared. Heatstroke prevention drugs (such as Huoxiang Zhengqi Capsule) are essential.
2. Respect the living habits of Dai and other ethnic minorities when visiting.
There are many jewels and jades in Xishuangbanna, so we should choose them carefully.
4. When traveling to Myanmar and other border areas, special attention should be paid to safety and health.
Xishuangbanna belongs to the tropical rainforest climate, with no heat in summer, no severe cold in winter and warm and pleasant seasons.
The best travel time is from June 10 to June of the following year.
The annual average temperature is 2 1℃, and it never snows here. Even in June 5438+ 10, the daytime temperature is very high.
6. Be sure to bring a cool enough T-shirt and shorts, and it is best to bring a thin coat, because it will be a little cold sooner or later, and slippers must be ready. When I get there, I basically wear slippers every day, and sports shoes are absolutely unbearable.
7. It should be reminded that never take a taxi to the scenic spot. Taxi drivers will give you a lower charter price at first, but will force you to go to some commercial attractions and shopping places. They will pay tens of dollars to attract tourists to these places. If you insist on not going, they will shorten your trip, such as promising to come back and take you to the airport. If you don't go to the scenic spots or shopping places recommended by them, you will definitely find various reasons not to send you to the airport when you return to the city.
Folk craft
One: ethnic brocade 1, Dai Tongba and Huabao Tongba, namely satchel.
Tongba of Dai nationality is woven from various wool and cotton threads.
The bag is more than 30 cm long and 20 cm wide.
The front, sides and back of the bag.
Or weave flowers, birds and animals, or weave geometric figures. The bottom of the bag is decorated with colored spikes, which are bright and beautiful, fine in workmanship, compact in packaging and distinctive in national characteristics. It is a commemorative commodity that is deeply loved by tourists.
Besides being sold in China, our products are also exported to Myanmar and Laos.
Fireworks, called "scolding tube" in Dai language, were originally toys for young men and women to entertain and express their feelings.
After the song and dance restaurant put the bag activity on the stage, the flower bag became a small and exquisite souvenir, which was deeply loved by tourists.
Dai women in Manjinglan and other places seized the opportunity to produce flower bags and make them enter the tourism commodity market.
2. Dai women's costumes have beautiful national costumes and simple elegance; Hani and Jinuo men's wear, embroidered with various patterns and inlaid with silver ornaments; The quaint Lahu and Bulang women's costumes are deeply loved by domestic and foreign tourists.
According to the needs of tourists, the national ethnic craft factory has developed the clothing production of Fu, Hani, Bulang, Lahu and Jinuo, combining traditional fabrics with modern fabrics; Traditional styles, colors and ornaments are combined with modern styles and ornaments to design and sew national costumes with distinctive national characteristics, which have entered the market and sold well.
Second, wooden crafts 1, wood used for woodcut painting is very delicate.
Using brightly colored wood and high-quality laminated board as raw materials, the carved artworks reflecting the costumes, living customs, residential buildings and natural scenery of Xishuangbanna are spliced in a board frame, carefully polished and decorated.
This kind of woodcut painting, sculpture art and relief art have distinct national characteristics, and the picture color is natural, simple and elegant.
Large wooden carvings are mostly used to decorate halls and bedrooms.
Small wooden carvings are regarded by tourists as gifts with distinctive national characteristics, as gifts for relatives and friends and as souvenirs.
2, wood carving, root carving traditional wood carving, mostly wood carving Buddha statue, sacred cow, golden elephant, mainly used to worship Buddha.
After the 1980s, woodcarving appeared.
The main wood carving products are wooden elephant, wooden lion, wooden cow, wooden horse, portrait, shapeshifter, wooden bracelet, wooden collar and so on.
Root carving products, first, the selection of animals, plants, buildings and so on. , is made according to the prototype of the root; The other is a work of art that strangles the various shapes naturally formed by the air roots of plants and then artificially modifies them.
3. Black Pottery1991May, Menghai County Township Enterprise Bureau built a beautifully crafted pottery factory in the location of Jingxing Bajiaoting to produce black pottery to meet the needs of tourism development.
1992 began to produce 63 series of products, such as cans, pots, pots, bottles, smoking utensils, tea sets, pottery horses and pottery cows.
The product is novel and unique in shape, exquisitely carved, simple and elegant in pattern and elegant in appearance.
4. Silver ornaments and butterfly decorative products Traditional silver ornaments mainly include hairpins, earrings, collars, bracelets, armbands, badges, anklets, rings and belts.
Butterfly decorative products are new handicrafts developed by Lu in the 1990s.
Products mainly include butterfly prototype crafts.
The main products are butterfly disc and butterfly specimen card; The other is to use colorful butterflies as raw materials to make decorative butterfly paintings of ancient and modern figures of 56 ethnic groups.
The products are exquisite in workmanship, small and exquisite, and bright in color, which are very popular among tourists.
Dai Buddhist architecture
Hundreds of years ago, Hinayana Buddhism was introduced into Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, and became a religion believed by Dai people.
Buddhist temple buildings can be seen everywhere here, almost every village has Buddhist temples, and some Buddhist temples have pagodas next to them.
Buddhist temples and pagodas have become the center of Dai people's life and temples in their minds, and Buddhist architectural art has also become valuable cultural and artistic wealth of Dai people.
The architecture of Dai Buddhist Temple in Xishuangbanna is dominated by double eaves and sloping flat tiles.
Buddhist temples are mostly square, facing east from east to west, and the roof slope consists of three floors. The nave is high, and the east and west sides are staggered in descending order.
The roof adopts rectangular tiles, and the tail of the tiles is hooked on the flat bamboo rafters.
The ridge between the main ridge of the roof and the eaves is smoothed with lime and decorated with various tiles.
The tiles on the main ridge are flame-shaped, and most of the first ends of the ridge have the image of a phoenix, which is unique.
The open "Busu" on the west side of Manfeilong Pagoda (a Buddhist temple, a place where monks recite scriptures and discuss) is another style: in nave, a rectangular Buddhist temple with three double eaves, a hall with the same height, two eaves and one end slope is built, and two rooms with herringbone roofs are built on both sides.
Where the above three parts are connected, the eaves are all connected into a whole and become an open monastery.
The gateway to the stupa is also unique.
On one side of a double-eave herringbone roof, a roof is built at right angles and connected together to form a door pavilion.
There are only pillars under the eaves, but no walls, extending in all directions for people to enter and leave. Although it is a replicated building, it shows the special architectural style of the Dai people because of its ingenious layout.
From this, we can see the remarkable characteristics of Dai architecture.
In other words, these buildings have no columns embedded in the wall.
Jingzhen Octagonal Pavilion (also known as Tang Jie), which is 0/4 km away from Menghai County/KLOC-0, has a unique and exquisite shape: the base is square with folded corners, and the pavilion is octagonal with brick and wood structure.
The pavilion has 3 1 face and 32 corners, and each corner is covered with Burmese tiles.
The eight pavilions are on the side of the building, shrinking from bottom to top, overlapping beautifully until the top, patchwork, precise structure and unique style.
Because the pavilion was built in Jingzhen, it is called Jingzhen Octagonal Pavilion, which was built by the Dai people to commemorate Sakyamuni and imitate his golden hat "Kahanzhong".
The octagonal pavilion was built in 170 1, with a history of more than 300 years. It is the central Buddhist temple in Jingzhen area.
On the 5th and 30th of every month in the Dai calendar/kloc-0, the Buddhist monks in Jingzhen area gather in the pavilion to listen to the monks' lectures and discuss major religious activities, which is also the place for the monks to ascend to Buddhism.
Most pagodas are built next to or near Buddhist temples.
The pagodas mainly include: Myanmar bell tower, pavilion tower, Taj Mahal tower and octagonal tower with dense eaves.
These towers are basically made of bricks, painted with lime and paint, and most of them are solid.
Manfeilong Pagoda in Jinghong City belongs to King Kong Pagoda in Thailand.
This stupa has sprung up like mushrooms after rain, designed by three Indian Buddhist missionaries and built by Dai leaders. It was built in a.d. 1204, and it has been 800 years since then.
The tower foundation is plum blossom-shaped, with a circumference of 42.6 meters. The main tower is 16.29 m high, and there are eight small towers around it, with a height of 9. 1 m and octagonal distribution. The tower is multi-layered gourd-shaped.
There is a shrine in each small tower, and a mud phoenix is flying in the air.
The whole tower is flawless and beautiful.
It is a national key cultural relics protection unit and a tourist attraction.
Dai family in Olive Dam
Olive dam is located in the southeast of Jinghong city. It used to be a farm, mainly growing rubber and rice.
1998 under the guidance of the national policy of "rejuvenating the country through tourism", the farm introduced funds and relied on local Dai villages to build A Dai Garden with Dai cultural traditions and customs.
1 August 19991day, Dai Garden officially opened. In just two or three years, it has grown into a national tourist attraction.
The original sugar press, legendary bay leaf sutra and delicious Dai dishes in Dai Garden have attracted a large number of tourists and created many employment opportunities for Dai families.
Dai people have bulging pockets. Take Man Chun Manzhai as an example. 1998, the average income of the Dai family was generally 15000 yuan, and in 2000, it increased to 20000 yuan.
As part of the overall planning of the scenic spot, Dai's house is covered with thick shade before and after, and the village is covered with crazy asphalt.
Dai's life has changed, becoming rich and well-off, and becoming calm and confident.
There are no ancient sites.
I hope it helps you.