Chemical composition of diamonds
The chemical composition of diamond is carbon, which is the only single element in gem and belongs to equiaxed crystal system. It often contains 0.05%-0.2% impurity elements, of which N and B are the most important, and their existence is related to the types and properties of diamonds. The crystal forms are mostly octahedron, rhombic dodecahedron, tetrahedron and their aggregates. Pure diamond is colorless and transparent, showing different colors due to the mixing of trace elements. Strong diamond luster. The refractive index is 24 17 and the dispersion is moderate, which is 0.044. An isotropic object. The thermal conductivity is 0 to 35 calories/cm/sec/degree. Tested by thermal conductivity meter, the response is the most sensitive. The hardness is 10, which is the hardest mineral known at present. The absolute hardness is 1000 times that of the time, and 150 times that of corundum. It is afraid of heavy blows, and it will be broken by cleavage after heavy blows. A set of cleavage is completed. The density is 3,52g/cm3. Diamonds are luminous, and after being irradiated by sunlight, they can emit light blue phosphorescence at night. X-ray irradiation emits sky blue fluorescence. The chemical properties of diamond are very stable, and it is not easy to dissolve in acid and alkali at room temperature, and acid and alkali will not affect it.
The difference between diamonds and similar precious stones and synthetic diamonds. Common substitutes or counterfeits in gem market include colorless gemstones, colorless spinel, cubic zirconia, strontium titanate, yttrium aluminum garnet, yttrium gallium garnet, artificial rutile and so on. Synthetic diamonds were first developed by Japan in 1955, but they were not mass-produced. Synthetic diamonds are rare in the market because they are more expensive than natural diamonds. Diamonds can be distinguished from similar gems by their unique hardness, density, dispersion and refractive index. For example, diamond-like cubic zirconia is colorless, with strong dispersibility (0.060), strong luster and high density, which is 5 or 8 grams per cubic centimeter, which is obvious by hand. Yttrium aluminum garnet has a soft dispersity, so it is difficult to distinguish it from diamonds with naked eyes.
Simple identification of diamonds
Simple identification method of diamonds: you need a magnifying glass of 10-20 times as an aid to make a few simple observations.
Observe the waist of the diamond. If it has a frosted waistline, this method is most suitable. Because diamonds are harder than any imitations, they don't have thin lines like imitations, and the waistline of diamonds has a granular appearance.
Diamonds are harder than imitations, and the faceted edges of imitations are often duller than diamonds. The faceted edges of diamonds must be sharp.
Because diamonds are harder than imitations, the faceted edges of imitations often wear out.
If a diamond has a natural surface, there is a chance to find a unique "triangular growth line" on the natural surface.
If a diamond is broken, its appearance is usually stepped, while the imitation will be completely bent or shell-shaped.
Diamond identification standard
Standard 1: diamond color. The color of diamonds is divided into 23 grades, which are represented by English letters D to Z, ranging from colorless to light yellow. The closer the color of a diamond is to transparent white, the more perfect its color grade is.
Standard 2: diamond fire color. After a series of refraction and reflection, the white light entering the diamond emerges from the diamond face in the form of colorful light and is received by the observer. When the diamond rotates, there will be a colorless flicker on the diamond surface.
Standard 3: diamond brightness. The brightness of a diamond refers to the brightness that the light entering the crown (top) of the diamond at any angle can pass through the inside of the diamond and then come out through the facet of the crown of the diamond and be seen by the eyes of the observer.
Standard 4: carat weight of diamonds. As we all know, the greater the carat of a diamond, the higher its rarity and value. A diamond that is a perfect diamond cannot be inferior in carat weight to other diamonds.
Maintenance method of diamond
Simplicity, naturalness and decoration have become the theme style and development trend of platinum jewelry. Whether you want to buy this kind of products or not, if you go to the market, you will find a phenomenon: under the trend that American diamonds embody luxury and brightness, permanence and purity, and embody the concept of preservation and proliferation, platinum diamonds have become the favorite of more and more people. Just as platinum diamond ornaments enter the homes of ordinary people, its maintenance has become a very concerned issue.
1. When doing housework, don't get oil or bleach on your diamond. Oil pollution will affect the luster of diamond ornaments. Bleaching water stains metals.
2. It is not advisable to wear diamond ornaments for heavy work. Although the diamond is hard and wear-resistant, it may be damaged if it is hit hard according to its grain direction.
3. Never put the diamond ornaments and other jewelry together in the drawer or jewelry box, because the diamond will scratch other jewelry when rubbing. At the same time, platinum jewelry should not be worn with gold jewelry. Because gold is soft, if it rubs against each other, it will not only damage gold ornaments, but also dye gold on platinum, turning yellow and difficult to remove.
4. Platinum ornaments should be sent to the jewelry store for inspection every year to check whether the diamonds and inlays are loose and worn, so as to be refurbished in time.
5. Diamonds can stick to grease. Diamonds with skin oil, cosmetics and kitchen oil will lose their luster, so they should be cleaned once a month. The cleaning method is: immerse the platinum jewelry in the jewelry cleaning solution for about 5 minutes, take it out and brush the diamond lightly with a small toothbrush, then put it on the filter screen and wash it with water, and finally absorb the water with a soft cloth.
6, maintain the diamond ring, don't hit: diamond is the hardest thing in the world, but in fact it is very afraid of hitting. Because of its special molecular structure, it can carve traces on any gem, but it can't stand collision. Especially? Pin setting? Diamonds, diamond waist is very fragile.
7. Care for the diamond ring: When doing heavy work, take off the diamond ring to avoid gravity deformation and affect the firmness of the diamond.
8, diamond ring maintenance, professional cleaning: diamonds are very lipophilic and easy to be contaminated with oil, so when washing dishes, you should apply hand cream and take off the diamond ornaments. You can't wear it while swimming. Chloride bleach in water will corrode diamond rings. It is recommended to choose professional jewelry cleaning agents and instruments for cleaning.