During the Chinese New Year, the local people will set off firecrackers to sweep the village, perform Nuo opera, sing folk songs and play martial arts, while the elders in the village use sieves to hold chicken, meat and wine, and insert bamboo poles with red peppers and green garlic in the ground to show off their ancestors. During the festival, the Gelao people will also hold release activities, mainly wild animals and fish. Nowadays, the New Year Festival in the villages of Gelao nationality, such as Wanxiu Wanchai Village in Anshun and Dagouchang in Pingba, is the most grand.
Festival celebration editor
Taste new festivals,
Taste new festivals
Commonly known as "Eating New Year Festival", it is a traditional festival of Gelao and Miao, Buyi, Bai and Zhuang, especially Gelao. The time is the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year.
First, a village elder or ghost teacher led the boys and girls to pick some ripe grains and fruits in a corner of a nearby field, hung them under ancient trees, and then killed pigs, sheep and chickens, offering the whole chicken, pig head, sheep head, nine skewers of pork and twenty-four bowls of rice to ancestors and gods. People are arranged according to their generations and bow down to their ancestors. Ghosts miss gelao language, and teach six animals five grains with bamboo whips. Everyone followed them like students.
2 Festival activities editor
After tasting the Chinese New Year, local people set off firecrackers, sweep villages, perform Nuo operas, sing folk songs and play martial arts. The elders in the village used sieves to hold chicken, meat and wine, and inserted bamboo poles tied with red peppers and green garlic in the fields to show off their ancestors. During the festival, the Gelao people will also hold release activities, mainly wild animals and fish. Nowadays, the New Year Festival in the villages of Gelao nationality, such as Wanxiu Wanchai Village in Anshun and Dagouchang in Pingba, is the most grand. [ 1]
3 holiday time editor
It's on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.
Taste new festivals
It is called "Taste the New Year Festival" and "Half-year Festival", and it is called "Silver Pot Top" in vernacular. This is a grand festival in the countryside. Farmers pick a few ears of cooked rice from the ground, rub them into rice grains, cook new rice, kill chickens and ducks, and hold family banquets, which is called tasting new ones. Before the banquet, the rice is served to the people and ancestors in the world, then the new rice is fed to the dog, and then the new rice is tasted in the order of the family. According to folklore, rice seeds were stolen from the sky. There was no rice in the world at that time. The dog ran across the ocean to the sky, rolling on the seeds, covered in grains. When he came back to float in the Tianhe River, his grains were washed away by the water, leaving only a few grains on his upturned tail, which were brought back to the world before rice was produced.
During the Mid-Autumn Festival when the ears of rice began to turn yellow, Bai farmers celebrated their agricultural festivals with joy, tasted new festivals and enjoyed the fruits of hard work for the first time.
A few days before the Chinese New Year, I went to the rice field to pick early-maturing and rich ears of rice, wearing new clothes, a straw hat and carrying a bamboo basket. Before they went down to the field, they also lit red incense and planted it on the ridge of the field.
4 historical legend editor
According to legend, ancient floods caused disasters and everything in the world became extinct. Yi ancestor a
Taste new festivals
Brother Du, with his dog and a rooster, hid in the gourd and drifted in the flood days. After all the hardships, they finally drifted to Willow Bay on the Baltic Sea. After the flood receded, the gourd hidden by Brother Adu hung on the willow tree. At first light, when the chicken barked and the dog barked, a vulture flew past Yao and pecked through the gourd, and the brother survived. Since then, the world has continued. After escaping, the brothers and sisters were pleasantly surprised to find that there were still a few grains of millet stuck to the fluff of the dog's tail and two lentils under the dog's armpit. It turned out that before the flood came, the dog had climbed up the grain pile, playing and sticking. Thanks to the contribution of dogs, the world's grains have not been extinct because of floods, and people's livelihood has continued. From then on, the Yi people regarded dogs as the embodiment of Fulu and a life-saving partner. Feed carefully on weekdays, go out to work, graze and plow together, and avoid eating dog meat. Every New Year's Day or major festive festival, dogs should be fed before people can eat. At home, the Yi people also cherish the rooster at dawn. As long as it is a festive festival or hunting in the mountains, you should look at the chicken before you go out to predict good or bad luck. They think that when chickens know the morning, they can foresee the future and have the instinct to predict the good or bad luck in the future. Legend of She nationality: In the sacrificial activities of She nationality, the most anthropological significance should be to taste the New Year Festival, because
Taste new festivals
Myths and legends concerning the origin of rice seeds. In this legend, rice used to be the pearl rice in the sky. Pan Hu, the ancestor of the She nationality, couldn't bear to watch his people eat a hundred herbs, so he stole rice from the sky. Unexpectedly, his behavior was known by the Jade Emperor, so he sent heavenly soldiers to kill him. Tiger Pan fought against it, and was finally knocked off the cliff of Phoenix Mountain in Chaozhou, and fell to his death on a big tree, spilling rice all over the floor. At this time, a sparrow flew to the tree and took the rice, but the sparrow accidentally dropped the rice into a crack in the rock. Another leech climbed into a crack in the rock, stuck the rice seeds with its mucus, and finally brought the rice seeds to the world.
Seeing the rice in the field turn yellow and mature, Tiger Pan's wife, Yincui gorge, said, "This kind of rice was bought by my late king, so he should try the new rice first!" Since then, she people have had the custom of tasting new year's goods. After harvesting rice, they will offer the first bowl of rice to their ancestor Pan Hu, and sparrows and leeches also get some special privileges for their contributions to mankind.
I didn't pay much attention to this myth when I first came into contact with it. Later, I read in Lv Chunqiu that "the son of heaven tasted rice with a dog" and found that this was an important ceremony for the moon to sacrifice to the gods in ancient Qiu Meng. Today, people may have forgotten the difference between dogs and rice.
Taste new festivals
Contact, but the ceremony of "tasting food with dogs" remains. In many places, people always sacrifice new rice to their ancestors first, then give it to dogs, and then have dinner with the whole family.
The annual flavor festival of She nationality and its legend reveal that She nationality is one of the oldest rice-growing nationalities. According to the excavation of Hemudu, Huaihe River Valley and other cultural sites, China, as the origin of rice, has a history of rice cultivation for at least 8,000 years. In this long history, a splendid rice culture has been created, which constitutes an important part of Chinese civilization, and the original creator of this culture has a great relationship with Dongyi nationality, which is probably the origin of She nationality.
Five local folk editors
Bai (ba)
On the Mid-Autumn Festival, when the ears of rice began to turn yellow, Bai farmers were beaming and celebrating their own agricultural festival-tasting the Spring Festival.
Taste new festivals
Enjoy the fruits of your efforts first. Taste the new, the white dialect is called "Silver Pot Top".
A few days before the Lunar New Year's Day, I went to the rice field to pick early-maturing and plump ears of rice, dressed in the clothes of my new aunt, grandmother and daughter-in-law, wearing a straw hat and carrying a bamboo basket. Before they went to the field, they put red incense on the ridge of the field. As a result, in the field where the harvest is in sight, cigarettes curl up and laugh. ...
People dried the collected rice and beat it with a water hammer. These days, the sound of rice in some villages is like a rhythmic and harmonious pastoral movement.
On New Year's Day, middle-aged and elderly people and children like to sit under the big green trees in the village, or listen to people singing Big Ben, or watch people beating the king's whip; Young men and women like to go to the lakeshore and dam and sing songs accompanied by the three strings of the dragon head; Housewives of all households cook new rice at home and make "eight bowls".
Sunset on the mountain, people scattered. People hold parties and light incense. They first went to Tianba to worship "Heavenly Moody" and "God of Grains", and then went home to worship "Jujube" and "Ancestors". After that, I sat around the table and had dinner.
The New Year's Eve dinner is very rich. For example, boiled pork ribs with green beans, white melon chicken, bean curd loach and fried milk.
Taste new festivals
In many people's seats, you can see Bai cuisine such as fans.
Bai people have no fixed days to taste the New Year's Festival. Which village and which family celebrate the New Year depends on whether the ears of rice mature sooner or later.
Bai people have a long tradition of tasting new festivals. Xie, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in the book "Yunnan Customs": "At the turn of summer and autumn, when the rice is not ripe, first take its young ears, flatten them and dry them in the sun to eat relatives, which is called tasting the new ones."
Over the years, which responsible field has been planted well, what new varieties have been selected and what measures have been taken to increase production have often become hot topics that people talk about on New Year's Day.
Zhuang people
It is held every year when the new valley is mature in July and August of the lunar calendar. Generally, they are single-family households, inviting neighbors and relatives to live together. On the day of tasting the New Year, every family cooks big rice and rich dishes. Early in the morning, the women went to the fields to cut green rice leaves for the shrine, offer prepared food and fruits, light incense and light oil lamps. When everything is ready, call the dog to the shrine, scoop up a spoonful of new rice and give a little to each dish. In order to thank him for his contribution, let him eat first on this day as a reward.
Jingpo
The New Year Tasting Festival of Jingpo nationality, commonly known as "Eating New Valley", was originally a primitive religious festival held by Jingpo nationality after the grain was basically mature before the autumn harvest. When tasting new things, people from all tribes and villages gather together to be officials; Old women who are trying to taste the new valley are dressed in costumes; Bamboo baskets filled with rice should be decorated with rice, beans, sorghum and colorful flowers. The collected rice, covered with big round green leaves, was carried back to the government. First, the old woman fried it in a pan, then the girl mashed it with her hands and mixed the cooked rice with ginger, and then the wizard presided over the sacrifice.
The wizard presided over the sacrifice.
Thanks to all the immortals for their bumper harvest. After the sacrifice, the wizard threw a small bag of new grain and vegetables wrapped in green leaves on the spot, intending to share it with the wild elves. The reason why it should be wrapped into small bags is to prevent many ghosts from robbing the sacrifices. When tasting new rice, although everyone in the village came to participate, everyone could only get a small bag of new rice, and old rice was mainly added as a supplement when cooking. After the tasting ceremony held in Shanguan or Turen's home, the masses officially began tasting new products.
After 1980, some Jingpo ethnic areas resumed the Spring Festival Tasting Festival, which is usually held in August and September of the lunar calendar. Before the sickle was opened, the master cut some new valleys and respectfully carried them home to the haunted house. Sacrifices include eggs, wine, cakes and so on. Please ask the wizard to pray for ghosts such as "home ghosts" and bless Xiaomi from disaster before receiving home. After the prayer, the sacrifice was shared by the wizard and the old man. Let the dog eat dinner first, and then the family and guests can eat it. The reason is: it is said that the seeds of grain were brought down from the sky by dogs, and dogs have made great contributions, so people give special treatment to dogs.
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"On June 6, the grass is ripe early." Dong people regard this day as New Year's Day, and some places choose auspicious days to try new things. Nian Nian Festival is the same festival in Dong area, and the content of Nian Nian Festival is similar in different places. On New Year's Day, dogs are distinguished guests and new rice.
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The meal is ready, let the dog taste it before eating. Because it is said that in ancient times, a terrible flood happened and all the seeds were washed away. It was a white dog, flying across the ocean, rolling on the flat ground of the western queen mother, covered in grain. When he came back, all the particles on his body were washed away by the water, only the tip of the dog's tail stuck on the water carried a few. Human beings have developed to this day by relying on these grains. In order not to forget the dog's contribution, Xingu asked the dog to taste it first.
Achang
The Achang people in Lianghe and Longchuan also have the habit of tasting new year's goods on August 15th of the lunar calendar. On the festival day, they will pull out a taro with the most seeds in the field, cut off a corn with two ears, tie it on a bamboo stick, put it in the corner, then pour new rice for cooking. When the rice is ready, they will first serve a bowl to the dog, and finally have a family dinner.
The fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month is a day to spend a full moon, and it is also a traditional festival for Yi people to taste the New Year. In Yi language, it's called "cutting off the drama for the general". At this time, the early rice in the field is ripe, and people take back the new grain, dry it, and store it with glutinous rice. On the day of the festival, we must sow new rice in spring and taste new festivals. If it rains and it is windy, it will be baked on a kang, and new rice will be produced in Chu Jiu in spring, so that it can be eaten on holidays.
Yi ethnic group
Before eating on the New Year's Day, the Yi people should spoon a big bowl of rice to feed their dogs, and then people can start eating new rice. This custom has an unusual origin. According to legend, ancient floods caused disasters and everything in the world became extinct. Yi ancestor a
Yi ethnic group
Du brother and sister took their puppies and a rooster, hid in the gourd, drifted through hardships in the flood, and finally drifted to Willow Bay on the Baltic Sea. When the flood receded, the brother and sister hid the gourd and hung it on the willow tree. When the cock crowed at dawn, a vulture flew past Yao and pecked through the gourd. The brother and sister survived, and the world continued from then on. After getting out of danger, the brother and sister were pleasantly surprised to find that there were still some millet stuck on the dog's tail fluff and two lentils under the dog's arm. It turned out that before the flood came, the dog had climbed onto the grain pile to play and stick. Thanks to the contribution of dogs, the world's grains have not been extinct because of floods, and people's livelihood has continued. Since then, the Yi people regard dogs as the embodiment of Fulu and life-saving partners. On weekdays, I feed carefully, go out to work, graze and plow together, and don't eat dog meat. Every Chinese New Year or major festival, you should feed the dog first = then people can eat it. At home, Yi people also cherish the cock crow at dawn. As long as it is a festive festival or hunting in the mountains, you should look at the chicken before you go out to predict good or bad luck. They believe that when the chicken knows the morning, it can foresee the future and has the instinct to predict good or bad luck.
Yi people kill chickens for food on holidays, and the chicken hexagrams should be peeled off by the elders in the ethnic group. If there are distant guests eating at the same table, be sure to put the chicken head in the guest's bowl to show respect for the guests.
Yi people also have a special liking for gourd and willow, and regard willow as auspicious tree and gourd as the object of worship; Eagle claw is an important instrument for Bimo to sacrifice and exorcise evil spirits. Yi people believe that the condor has saved mankind. Its sharp claws can stab evil, dispel evil and promote good, and it has infinite magic power. After the New Rice Festival, the Yi people should take back the married girls, invite their elders, relatives and friends to invite each other, kill chickens and sheep, celebrate the harvest and taste the new rice.
When the Yi people eat new rice, the elders come first and the guests come first. The elders and guests should sit in the center of the main hall. The elders should raise their glasses first and let the younger generation take bowls and chopsticks. Otherwise, it will be regarded as disrespect for the elders and guests. During the dinner, Yi girls will fill your bowl with new rice when you are unprepared, indicating that you are full of food and drink, but don't waste it.
That night, men, women and children, in the bright moonlight, were playing the Hulusheng, the flute and the big three strings, dancing the cheerful "Cetto Goo" around the bonfire. Unmarried young men and women paired up, blowing willow leaves and singing love songs, and met in a bamboo forest near a quiet village.
Lahu people
Nianwei Festival is a traditional festival of Lahu people. The Lahu transliteration "Tashi Oza" means New Rice Festival. It is held in July and August of the lunar calendar and lasts for one day. July and August of the lunar calendar is the harvest season in Lahu villages. Whoever cooks the grain first will hold the activity of eating new rice first. On this day, the host family will kill pigs and chickens, and invite neighbors, relatives and friends to taste new rice and a sumptuous dining table. Incense wax is lit before the banquet, and a bowl of new rice is presented to the goddess Elsa and ancestors, then a bowl of new rice is presented to dogs, and then new rice is presented to livestock and farm tools.
According to legend, Ersha created Zadi and Nadi, ancestors of Lahu people, and married and had children according to Ersha's will. At that time, people had no food to eat, so they had to live on dirt. Elsa sent dogs to send people grain and taught them to grow it. Lahu people are very grateful to Ersha. When new rice is produced every year, it is first used to worship Ersha and the ancestors. Lahu people can't forget dogs. The first bowl of new rice is for the dog.
Yao (the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late period of the patriarchal clan society in ancient China)
Yao people have many folk festivals, such as Wang Pan Festival, Singing Festival, Nianwei Festival, Bullfighting Festival and Women's Day. Every festival contains rich connotations and meanings. For example, Wang Pan Festival and Singing Festival are both to commemorate Wang Pan, who is said to be the ancestor of Yao nationality. Every year, the seventh day of the seventh lunar month is said to be the birthday of King Pangu. On this day, the Yao family will sing "Song of King Pangu" to praise the kindness of King Pangu, so it is also called "Song Club".
June 6th is the New Year Tasting Festival for Yao people. On this day, the earliest ripe corn and rice are picked and made into dog food, and then the whole family can eat it. This is because it is said that dogs bring food. It is said that a long time ago, when the ancestors of Yao nationality migrated, the boat capsized and all the food fell into the sea because of the strong wind and waves. Just as people were learning about their future life, some people were surprised to find some grains from the dog's tail, so they planted it in the ground and took good care of it. After the autumn, they harvested a lot of food, and the Yao people weathered the storm. Therefore, in order to remember the kindness of dogs, people naturally cook rice and give it to dogs as a reward.
"Women's Day" is the second day of the second lunar month every year. Yao women tasted the prepared banana Baba to commemorate Pan Jinmei, the descendant of Yao family.
Wazu
Taste the new festival--the customs and habits of yi people in Dehong, Yunnan. In the heyday of the Yi people in Dehong, Yunnan Province, the ancient Yi people have moved to Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province for more than 200 years. Although they live together with Dehong Jingpo, Achang, Dai and Han nationalities, they still retain their unique customs and habits. The wide season of the Wa nationality in Dehong is the biggest festival in a year, literally meaning New Year, with rich activities. On New Year's Eve in Dehong, the old people pay homage to the ancestors of heaven and earth with food such as wine, meat and Baba, and symbolically stick some food on the tripod, door and column of the fireplace. In order to thank the cows for their hard work for a year and the seeds brought to mankind by their ancestors, please ask them to taste some holiday food first. Singing and dancing all day on the New Year's Day, playing three-stringed, four-stringed, sheng, flute and other musical instruments, in a drunken and poetic atmosphere, men, women and children are enjoying themselves. After the shooting activities are held in the second day of junior high school, you can start your work in the new year. In some large villages, swings will be erected in the wide season of Dehong Wa people, and men, women and children will play for ten and a half days.
In the old society of Dehong Yi people, because people live in poverty and live in scattered places, the scene is not very lively. After the founding of New China, with the development of economy, the improvement of life, equality and unity of all ethnic groups, festival activities are becoming more and more abundant. 1989, 1990 The Lisu season in Dehong was held in Nongxian Village, Nongba Town, Longchuan County, Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Here, a vast field has been opened up and a permanent and broad time mark has been established. On the top of a brick-concrete structure sign with a height of 12 meters, a heroic portrait of Dehong Yi ancestors with a crossbow was created. In addition to swings, singing and dancing, the most striking activity is the "Up the Mountain" sports performance. It uses 36 sharp knives to form a ladder more than 20 meters high and stands on the flat ground. It is climbed barefoot by well-trained brave people, and people can soon witness the thrilling actions of the brave people. Shangdaoshan shows the national spirit of Dehong people in Yunnan who dare to climb mountains, charge in the sea of fire, be brave and unyielding, and forge ahead tenaciously.
She ethnic group
She nationality in eastern Fujian has a tradition. Every autumn, when rice is sickle-opened, they choose a good day to hold a "taste the new" sacrificial activity, milling rice with newly harvested rice, cooking it into white rice, making it into glutinous rice, and so on. They worship their ancestors with reverence, thank God for his gifts and blessings, and then invite their neighbors to taste and share the joy of harvest. This is the annual "New Taste Festival" (also called "New Food Festival") of the She nationality. September 23rd is the autumnal equinox. The villagers in Xita She Village, Muyun She Township, Fu 'an City chose this day as this year's tasting new festival Xita, which is a very famous She village in eastern Fujian.
The scenery here is very beautiful. A small mountain stream named "Xiuxi" gurgles down from the foot of Baiyun Mountain, flows through the tower and flows out of a well-known grape valley. Grape valley stretches for four or five kilometers, with green trees and vines. Seen from a distance, it looks like a long green brocade. On the day of summer and autumn, walking into the ditch, the trees are covered and the streams are gurgling, which is really refreshing and comfortable.
This grape valley is rich in local "thorn grapes". Its juice is thick and sweet, not sour or astringent. It is very popular in the market, and the price is much higher than the popular variety Jufeng Grape. It is the key product of Xita Village. Perhaps because of this, the Xita people also call this small mountain stream "Caiyuanxi".
The West Pagoda is also one of the birthplaces of the blue surname She nationality in eastern Fujian. "Xitalan" is as famous as "Dalinzhong" and "Houmen Lei Ping" among the She people. Every year, many people with blue surnames return to their villages to worship their ancestors. At present, there are more than 100 families and more than 600 Ding in the village, all of whom are descendants of Runan.
At the same time, the West Tower is also one of the famous She cultural key villages in eastern Fujian. Many large-scale She songs and folk culture festivals have been successfully held, and leaders at all levels, cultural scholars and news media have been received. Xita Village is undoubtedly one of the most attractive She villages in eastern Fujian.
In July and August of the lunar calendar, the rice sickle opening day of a She family is not only a new taste festival for this family, but also a "new food festival". [2]
According to the tradition of She nationality, rice sickle must be opened on auspicious day. They ground the rice cut in the first trip into rice and cooked it into white rice. First, they scooped up three bowls and lit the tea. Put it in a bamboo rice sieve, put it on a drying platform to worship heaven and earth, and then scoop three bowls. Light tea incense and bring it to the left and right shrines and stoves respectively, which are used to worship the land gods, ancestors and kitchen gods. After the sacrifice, several bowls of good food and wine will be added, and relatives and neighbors will be invited to taste new rice together. When tasting, please ask your elders to "move chopsticks" to show respect for the elderly and congratulate them on their health and longevity. When tasting new rice, the more guests, the better. As the saying goes, "one more person tastes one more person's food." Let's eat. Put a bowl of rice on the table. It's called "leftover warehouse"
6 Inheritance Meaning Editor
Taste the new festival "adopt the new"
The rice cultivation culture of She nationality is also the key to our understanding of Chaoshan food culture and even the mystery of Chaozhou people. Historically, diet is not only to fill the stomach, but actually it is a way of life, which will first affect people's body and then affect people's spirit. Since the Han Dynasty, there has been a saying in China that "meat eaters are brave and defensive, and food eaters are wise and clever", which shows that the ancients have noticed the relationship between people and food. Parry, a contemporary American anthropologist, once pointed out: "Man is the product of the food he eats. Not only is his body made up of the food he eats, but his spiritual world is also influenced by the food." Chaoshan food culture was originally developed under the strong influence of She rice culture. The eating habits of hipsters also determine the physical fitness, diligence and shrewdness of Chaoshan people. We need a broader understanding of rice culture: it only refers to the farming culture with rice as the main body. Historically, she planted not only upland rice and rice, but also cash crops such as beans, wheat, millet, millet, taro, bamboo, vegetables and tea. After Ming and Qing Dynasties, sweet potato and corn began to become the new main crops. Many famous Chaozhou snacks, such as bamboo shoots, radish cakes, table tennis and sweet potato porridge, are related to these crops.
Although some foods have lost their original characteristics, they are still related to rice culture. For example, rice wine, "The Book of Songs Wind July" said: "Rice is harvested in October, so spring wine is made." It is associated with rice and the Spring Festival, and is used to worship the gods. Another example is soy sauce and bean paste, which are important seasonings in Chaozhou cuisine, mainly from bean crops.