Kongzhu (1231-1291), whose real name is Jing Qing, is a villager. Confucius' second grandson. Duke of Feast, the last generation of Southern Song Dynasty. Founder of Confucius Temple in Quzhou. During the change of dynasties in Song and Yuan Dynasties, Confucian wisdom was used perfectly, threats and inducements were calmly dealt with, loyalty and filial piety were strictly observed, and Confucius' house was preserved. The allusion of "Confucius abdicated" has been passed down to this day.

Chinese name: Kong Zhu.

Mbth: kongzhu

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of birth: Quzhou

Date of birth: 123 1 year

Date of death: 129 1 year.

Occupation: Duke of Feast

Masterpiece: Two volumes of Zhai Zhuan.

Words: Lu Si, Jing Qing

outline

Kongzhu (1231-1291), whose real name is Jing Qing, is a villager. Kong Wanchun, the eldest son of Confucius and the son of the Song Dynasty feast.

124 1 year (the first year of Song Chun), was awarded the title of Lang Feng and attacked the Duke of Feast.

1252 (in the twelfth year), the judgment on military affairs in Quzhou was passed. In the same year, the official allocated 360,000 yuan to build the Confucius Temple in Quzhou, which was built on the south bank of Linghu Lake in the summer of the first year of Zhibao (1253) and completed in the summer of the next year (the second year of Zhibao), and a feast palace was built on the west side of the Confucius Temple.

1256 (Song Bao _ 4 years), Zhao Tian sent Zhou Jun of Jizhou to be in charge of persuading farmers to farm, but he took the lead in offering sacrifices to Quzhou regardless of the funeral.

126 1 year (the second year of the song dynasty) in March, Ren Tong sentenced Pingjiang (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) to return.

1265 (the first year of Song Xianchun) In March, Ren Tong sentenced Xinzhou (ruling Shangrao, Jiangxi) and later "empowering the army to govern the country" (the agent is well known).

During his tenure, he was transferred from 28 Pincheng Fenglang to 25 Pintong Zhilang, 24 Pinfeng Yilang and 23 Pincheng Yilang, and his titles were full. Reprinted Dong Jia's Miscellaneous Notes (Kong Chuan).

1276 (Song De _ 2 years, Yuan to Yuan thirteen years), down to Yuan. In the same year, the Confucius Temple in Quzhou was destroyed by fire. Kong Zhu protected the wooden statues of Confucius and his wife, some precious archives and documents, and a stone tablet engraved with the portrait of a saint painted by Wu Daozi, and set up an altar at home to offer sacrifices. Later, he chose land in Ru Ru Square in the south of the city and built a temple in the south of the city with the help of his family. He studied the history of Confucian classics and wrote two volumes, Cunzhai Collection and Jiangnan unofficial history.

1282 (in the 19th year of Zhiyuan), in November, "Jiangnan attacked Kongzhu and Gonghajj, thinking that imperial academy offered wine, was promoted to Eastern Zhejiang Daoism, and was given a salary and a letter to Baolin Temple". ("The Twelve-Year Spectrum of the Yuan History Volume, the Twelfth Ancestor Nine")

1283 In the spring of the 20th year of Yuan Dynasty, Kong Zhu called the whole family to make a grand ancestor worship in the temple in the south of the city, and took his wife to Shaoxing. /kloc-Confucius (also known as Confucius) was born in 0/286 (23rd year of Yuan Dynasty).

1287 (twenty-four years of Yuan Dynasty) was awarded a doctorate in training, and was promoted by Confucianism in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and moved to Hangzhou with his family. During his tenure, he got his second son Sijun (word teacher), his youngest son Sipu (word teacher) and two daughters.

129 1 year (in the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty), Jiangsu and Zhejiang Confucianism rose to full rank, and was taught as a doctor and a Fujian Taoist Confucianism. In the same year, he died somewhere and was buried in Jinxilong, Jing 'an Township, Xi 'an County, Quzhou.

According to Quzhou Historical and Cultural Research Series Confucius' Ancestors (edited by Cui Mingxian, Zhejiang People's Publishing House, September 2009 1).

Related allusions

Dazong Du Nan

/kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, Nuzhen in the northeast of China rose and established a dynasty with Daikin as its title. Jinbing brutally invaded the Central Plains, and the Song Dynasty was in chaos. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Bianjing fell, and the nomads from the Jin Dynasty plundered Song Qinzong, Song Huizong, the emperor's father, princesses, imperial clan kings, ministers and craftsmen, and looted gold and silver jewelry, ritual vessels, ancient books and records, astronomical instruments, etc. Since then, Song Huizong's ninth son, Kang Wang Zhao Gou, has been renamed and rebuilt. In order to avoid the plunder of the nomads from Song Gaozong, he decided to lead the civil and military officials south and move the capital to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou).

In the third year of Song Jianyan (1 129), Kong Duanyou, the 48th grandson of Confucius and the duke of feast, was called to move south. Prior to this, dozens of people from Quiricon's family had joined the army to escort them south. Kong Duanyou and the patriarch Kong Chuanzhao called the Queli people to discuss countermeasures, and agreed to use the power of the whole family to escort the treasures of Zhensi south to avoid being plundered by nomadic people, leaving only Kong Duancao, Kong Duanbing and Kong Chuaner's second brother Kong Ruojian to guard the forest temple. Kong Duanyou and Kong Chuan finished packing in a hurry, and led more than 100 people, including Yan, Meng and Zeng, to ride horses to help the old and take care of the young and bid farewell to their homeland. Along the way, in order to avoid the looting of nomads from Song Gaozong, they chartered a boat to cross the river from Guazhou, followed it, followed it from Zhenjiang via Pingjiang (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) and Xiuzhou (now Jiaxing, Zhejiang), and finally escorted Miao Zhen's treasure to Lin 'an in mid-February. On February 18, Kong Duanyou made a pilgrimage to Song Gaozong. Please give him a temple house and resettle a large number of immigrants to Kuili. Song Gaozong presented Quzhou Confucius Temple. Quzhou is located in the west of Zhejiang Province and the upper reaches of Qiantang River, with developed economy and culture and convenient land and water transportation. Since then, it has become the direct residence of Confucius who immigrated to the Southern Song Dynasty.

Kong Duanyou, the forty-eighth grandson of Confucius and the duke of feasting, crossed the river to the south, which is called "crossing the south on a large scale" in history. Confucius family, who lived in Queli for 48 generations, has inherited the lineage of Confucius since the Spring and Autumn Period, and dedicated Confucius since the Han Dynasty, with the longest history. Under the patriarchal clan system, the feast duke usually adopts the eldest son inheritance system. The Duke of Feast was the master of Confucius' temples in past dynasties, and was in charge of the treasures of Confucius' temples, which were handed down from generation to generation.

Before Mi Hu crossed to the south, there were less than 200 Confucius families in Queli, and most of them immigrated to Jiangnan with the Duke of Feast. During the period of 160, there were more than 100 people, and nearly a thousand people were born and bred. In addition to the residence of Feast Duke in Liangzhu East Road where Quzhou is located, he also moved to Liangzhu West Road, Jiangnan East Road, Jiangnan West Road, Huainan East Road, Huainan West Road, Jinghu South Road and Jinghu North Road. The Duke has been handed down for six generations: Kong Duanyou, Kong _, Kong and Kong Wanchun. They all strictly performed their duties of worshipping the Lord, practiced Confucius' thoughts, took celebrities and sages as friends, pursued the concept of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism, and supported Neo-Confucianism and academy education in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were only five academies in Quzhou, which increased to 17 in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, 22 descendants of Confucius became academic officials, and 7 were full-time or part-time college presidents.

Si LuJian Temple

Kong Zhu, named Lu Si, is the founder of the Confucius Temple in Quzhou. He built two Confucius temples in his life, with unique styles.

In the third year of Jianyan (1 129), the descendants of Confucius in Queli went south with Song Gaozong to escort the treasures of Zhensi and made Quzhou their home. They have the right to use Zhou Xue as their home temple for more than one hundred years, until the era of Confucius and Zhu, when there was a special place to worship Confucius.

During the period of Song Lizong, Kong You, the Duke of Feast, requested to build a Confucius Temple in Quzhou, and got the emperor's consent. Confucius could eat in the temple, and the Duke could have a special place to worship. The Song Lizong Municipal Government allocated 360,000 yuan to build the Confucius Temple on Linghu Lake in the northeast of Quzhou City. It was built in the midsummer of the first year of Bao _ (1253) and completed in the midsummer of the following year (1254). It has become a sacred place for descendants of Confucius who immigrated to the south of the Yangtze River to "imitate the system of Qufu, pursue the legacy of Lu Temple, and make the pavilion majestic and brand-new". Hu Ling Confucius Temple is divided into two parts: the temple and the government. One of the most iconic buildings is the four-way pavilion designed and named by Kong Zhu.

Siluge, located on the west side of Dacheng Hall of Confucius Temple, contains two treasures of the town temple escorted south by descendants of Confucius in Queli during the Jianyan period. First, the wooden statues of Confucius and his wife, a rare treasure of Confucianism, are said to be the painstaking efforts of Confucius' favorite pupil Zi Gong; Second, the famous painter Wu Daozi's masterpiece "The Portrait of the Sage" was brought from Queli by Confucius' 48th generation Sun Kongduanyou when he went south, and was carved into a stone tablet by Kong Duanyou. This is a unique landmark of Quelikong's family, an immigrant from the south of the Yangtze River. "Lu" is the birthplace of Confucius, an ancient country and a saint in the Spring and Autumn Period. Kong Zhusi Lu, with the word "Lu", entrusted the homesickness of six generations of men in the south of the Yangtze River, and missed them day and night, which made the Kong family in the south of the Yangtze River forget their ancestral home.

De _ 2 years (1276), Song Gongdi returned to Yuan, and there was chaos in Quzhou. Hu Ling Temple was destroyed by fire, and the treasure of the temple in the ancestral town of Siluge was moved to the Yu House of Confucius, where an altar was set up to worship. When Liu opened the gate of Quzhou to meet him in Song Dynasty, faced with the destruction of the temple, the country and the city, Kong You changed the word "Jing Qing" to "save Zhai" for himself, and took the way of saving sages as his lifelong career.

At the time of crisis, Confucius called the clans to discuss and decided to rebuild the Confucius Temple with the help of the whole clan. Soon, the home temple, which was presided over by Kong Zhu and built with the help of Nandu Kongshi, was completed in Ru Ru Square in the south of Quzhou where Nandu Kongshi lived. Kong Zhu, Kong Ying-de, a prisoner released from prison in Quzhou, and Kong Ying-de, a bachelor of the Minister's Hall, followed the example of worshipping the ancestral hall, maintaining and appeasing the descendants of Confucius living in the south of the Yangtze River, praying for Confucian scholars and the people of Quzhou in previous dynasties, rallying people's hearts and overcoming difficulties together.

The Confucius Temple in the south of the city is simpler than that in Linghu, but it has complete facilities and the style remains the same. In the feudal dynasty that built temples to worship Confucius for more than two thousand years, there was only one temple built by the feast duke.

Kongzhu let the wind blow.

Three years after the establishment of Yan State, the pseudo-regime "Daqi" supported by Jin Dynasty took control of Qufu. The pseudo-Qi emperor sealed Kong Duancao in Lin Temple as public, but Kong Duancao refused to accept it and died the following year. In the fourth year of Qi Fuchang (1 132), the puppet emperor forced Kong _, the son of Kong Duancao, to become the duke. Since then, the Jin regime has supported three generations of dukes in Qufu. After the Mongolian imperial army captured Qufu, Kong Yuan, the younger brother of Kong Yuan Cuo, the Duke of Feast, was named the Duke of Feast. Jin and Yuanhe have coexisted for 9 years, each with its own power and infighting. In the fifth year of Yuan Taizong (1233), Kong Yuancuo, the Duke of Jin, was replaced by Yuan Gong, and Kong became the new Duke, who was knighted at the beginning of Yuan Dynasty. After Yong's son Kong Zhi inherited the Qufu county order, he designed to make his son Kong Mingcuo lose the title of duke. Sven, a descendant of Confucius, swept the floor in the tomb.

Although the master of Confucius was in the early Song Dynasty, he was still recognized as the master of Confucius in the ruling and opposition circles in the early Yuan Dynasty. Kublai Khan made a promise to be a high official and generous, and in the spring and summer of the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty (1282), he recruited Kong Zhu as a priest in Lu. In July, Kong Zhu left Quzhou, went north via Yangzhou, and arrived in Qufu County in August. With the assistance of Kong Zhi, the magistrate of Qufu County, he stayed and toured for more than two months, visited the ancestral temple and ancestral forest, called on relatives of the young and old, poured out the feelings of the six generations of feast dukes in Jiangnan, and deeply felt the great changes in the ancestral home during 160 years: the ancestors, relatives, men, women and children who stayed in Quelilin Temple in those years were ravaged by war, and things have changed. Kong Zhushen was worried that the Jin and Yuan regimes used the descendants of Confucius to provoke the division of Confucius in Qufu. After more than two months' careful consideration, Confucius made up his mind to exercise the unique authority of bulk masters, use the unique golden mean of Confucianism, and stop the Yuan Dynasty rulers' attempt to "govern Confucius with Confucius" by "losing dignity" in order to save the dignity of Qufu Confucius.

Kong Zhu stayed in Qufu's ancestral home for two months and left Shandong for pilgrimage in November. According to historical records, when Kong Zhu entered the pilgrimage, he entrusted Yuan Shizu to offer wine in imperial academy (equivalent to the highest education director of the country) and promoted the generous salary given by the Eastern Zhejiang Taoist School and the court without delay; The imperial court granted the imperial court a letter to protect Lin Temple, which the imperial court generously accepted, but politely refused to return to Lufeng Temple. Kong Zhu first presented the Confucian classics "The Analects of Confucius" and "Confucius' Family Words" to preach the essence of the classics, saying that he would inherit the ancestral teachings and be completely loyal, filial, benevolent, loving, courteous, righteous, intelligent and trustworthy; Then, if you can't accept the emperor's gift, you must protect the tomb of Quzhou ancestral temple and serve the elderly mother of Quzhou in the south, otherwise you would rather resign from the title of Duke of Feast. Yuan Shizu's ministers repeatedly advised him to follow orders, but kong zhu was unmoved and gave Yuan Shizu the bronze seal awarded by the royal family in the Song Dynasty. Yuan Shizu appreciated Kong Zhu's calmness and frankness, praising: "It's better to disobey honor than morality, and it's true that the sage is behind!"! "He didn't get angry because of Kong Zhu's return, but he didn't leave without saying goodbye. He didn't force him to return to Lufeng Temple, and he didn't seal a feast for the duke to preside over Qufu sacrifice.

Kong Zhu saved the sacred dignity of Confucius in Qufu by abdicating, spent the rest of his life maintaining the cultural environment of Confucianism in Jiangnan and Neo-Confucianism in Southern Song Dynasty, and protecting Confucius in Jiangnan and many Confucian scholars from discrimination and persecution. It was not until a few years after Kong You's death that the Yuan Dynasty reconfirmed and conferred the title of Duke of Feast.

Confucius said, "The Doctrine of the Mean is also a virtue, even worse! The people are fresh for a long time. " (The Analects of Confucius Yongye) During the Yuan and Song Dynasties, Confucius and Zhu used the wisdom of Confucianism, calmly responded to threats and inducements, adhered to loyalty and filial piety, preserved the Confucius family, and perfectly practiced the golden mean.

blood relationship

Song dynasty; surname

General Kong wished Confucius the 46th grandson. The first Duke of Song Dynasty was in the second year (1055).

Kong Ruomeng, the 47th grandson of Confucius. Kong Zongyuan is the eldest son. In the first year of Song Xining (1068), the feast in Qi Huangong was attacked, and Yuan _ (1086) was renamed Sheng, and Fu Yuanyuan (1098) was lost because of something.

Kong Xuruo, the 47th grandson of Confucius. The second son of Kong Zongyuan. Fu Yuanyuan (1098) attacked Gong Sheng.

Kong Duanyou, the 48th grandson of Confucius. Kong Ruomeng's eldest son. Chongning for three years (1 104), the Duke of Feast was attacked.

Kong, the forty-ninth grandson of Confucius. Son of Kong Duanyou. In the second year of Shaoxing (1 132), the Qi Huangong feast was attacked and sealed.

Kong-the 50th grandson of Confucius. Son of Kong _. In the 24th year of Shaoxing (1 154), the Qi Huangong feast was attacked and sealed.

Kong Wenyuan, the 5th1grandson of Confucius. Son of Kong _. In the fourth year of Shao Xi (1 193), the Duke of Feast was attacked.

Kong Wanchun, the fifty-second grandson of Confucius. Kong's son. In the second year of Baoqing (1226), the Duke of Feast was attacked.

Kong Zhu, the 53rd grandson of Confucius. Son of Kong Wanchun. Less than four years (123 1), the duke of feast was attacked.

golden

Kong, the forty-ninth grandson of Confucius. Kong Duanyou's brother and Kong Duancao's son. In the fourth year of Qi Fuchang (1 132), Liu Yu, the pseudo-Qi emperor supported by the Jin regime, was made a duke. Second, Jin abolished the pseudo-Qi regime and Kong lost his title. Jin Xizong was reinstated in Tian Juan for three years (1 140).

Kong Zheng, the 50th grandson of Confucius. Kong _ the eldest son, no queen. In the second year of Xi's reign (1 142), the Duke of Feast was attacked and sealed.

Confucius' 50th grandson. Kong _ second son. In the third year of Jin Dading (1 163), the Duke of Feast was attacked, and in the twentieth year of Jin Dading (1 180), it was also a Qufu decree.

Kong Yuan is wrong, Confucius' 5 1 grandson. Kong _ the eldest son, no queen. In the second year of Jin Mingchang (1 19 1), he attacked the feast and served as the magistrate of Qufu County. In the second year of Tang Xuanzong (12 14), Jin Xuanzong moved the capital to Bianjing and entrusted his brother Kong Yuan to worship Qufu. In the fifth year of Yuan Wokuotai Khan (1233), the Mongolian army conquered Bianjing, sent it back to Qufu, and still attacked the Duke of Feast.

Yuan dynasty (1206- 1368)

Kong Yuan used the 5th1grandson of Confucius. Kong Zongyuan's fifth grandson. In the twentieth year of Genghis Khan in the Yuan Dynasty (1225), the Mongolian army captured Qufu and reduced the Yuan Dynasty with a hole rate. Mongolian Guards took Sun Cheng to seal the title of Duke and inherited Yin from Qufu County. In the 21st year of Genghis Khan (1226), Kong Suisun led his troops to attack Yidu and died in Yidu the following year.

Kong Zhiquan, the 52nd grandson of Confucius. Kong's son. In the twenty-first year of Genghis Khan (1226), he was granted a public title, and Yin in Qufu County was hereditary. In the fifth year of Yuan Taizong (1233), Kong Yuan mistakenly returned to Qufu, and still attacked the Duke of Feast, and Kong Zhiquan was dismissed as the full-time Qufu county magistrate.

Kong Yuan is wrong, Confucius' 5 1 grandson. Kong _ the eldest son, no queen. The Last Duke's Feast in Jin Dynasty. In the fifth year of Yuan Wokuotai Khan (1233), the Mongolian army conquered Jindu Bianjing and ordered it to return to Qufu, still attacking the Duke of Feast.

Kong Zhu, the 53rd grandson of Confucius. 1282 (in the 19th year of Zhiyuan), in November, "Jiangnan attacked Kongzhu and Gonghajj, thinking that imperial academy offered wine, was promoted to Eastern Zhejiang Daoism, and was given a salary and a letter to Baolin Temple". ("The Twelve-Year Spectrum of the Yuan History Volume, the Twelfth Ancestor Nine")

Kong Sihui, the 54th grandson of Confucius. The eighth grandson of Kong Zongyuan. In the third year of Yan Yuan (13 16), the feast in Qi Huangong was attacked and sealed (for details, please refer to Volume 67 of Yuan Shi, 180).

Kong Kejian, the 55th grandson of Confucius. Kong Sihui's eldest son. In the 6th year of Yuan Dynasty (1340), the feast in Qi Huangong was attacked.

Kong Xixue, the 56th grandson of Confucius. Kong Kejian's eldest son. In the 15th year of Yuan Dynasty (1355), the feast was attacked and sealed.