"Pipa? Bai Juyi

Yuan Yuanhe ten years, moved to Sima and Jiujiang counties. Next autumn, I will send a guest to Pukou, and I will hear those pipa players in the middle of the night. Listen to its voice, there is the voice of Kyoto. Ask the man, Ben Chang 'an advocates women and learns to bathe grass. Old age is fading, and I am committed to being a wife. He ordered the winemaker to play a few tunes quickly. I feel sorry for you, but I tell myself the happiness of my childhood. Now I am wandering and haggard, and I have been an official in the Jianghu for two years. I feel comfortable, I feel comfortable. I didn't feel moved until the evening. Because Long song is for them, there are 6 12 words. Life is called pipa xing.

In the evening, I bid farewell to a guest on Xunyang River. Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn.

I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music.

Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. When we were leaving each other, the river mysteriously widened in the direction of the full moon.

We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home and the guests left.

We followed the melody, asked the player's name, and the voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered.

We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again.

However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us.

... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings.

Every string is a kind of meditation, and every note is a kind of deep thinking, as if she were telling us the pain of her life.

She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit.

She brushed the strings, slowly twisted, swept and plucked, first the air in the rainbow skirt, then the six small ones.

Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets.

Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade.

Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, under the ice, it is difficult to swallow and flow.

The ice spring is cold and astringent, as if it can't pass; And notes, fade away.

The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice.

A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons.

Pay attention to your stroke, all four strings make a sound, just like tearing silk.

There is a quiet boat in the east and a quiet boat in the west, but see the new autumn moon in the river.

She tied it thoughtfully on the rope, stood up and smoothed her clothes, serious and polite.

Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital and lived in her parents' house in Toad Hill.

She mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name ranked first in the list of musicians.

Song often teaches excellent talents, and her beauty is the envy of all the leading dancers.

How did the aristocratic youths in Wuling compete generously? Countless red silks were given to a song.

The silver comb inlaid with shells was broken by her rhythm, and the bloody skirt was stained with wine.

Season after season, joy followed, and neither the autumn moon nor the spring breeze attracted her attention.

Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared.

There were fewer and fewer cars and horses in front of the door, and finally she married herself to a businessman.

Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago.

She has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary, with no companions except the bright moon and cold water.

Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears.

Her first guitar note made me sigh. Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder.

We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? .

A year ago, I left the capital and came here. Now I am a sick Jiujiang exile.

Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music, neither strings nor bamboo sounds for a whole year.

My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes.

What can you hear here in the morning and evening? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing.

I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning with flowers and the autumn night with moonlight.

Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh, and they are harsh in my ears.

Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt that my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music.

Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. I will write a Long song about guitar. ..

... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder.

Although the tune was different from what she had played before, all the listeners covered their faces.

But which of them cried the most? , this Jiujiang officer. My blue sleeves are wet.

To annotate ...

1, move left: demote.

2. Among them: * * *.

3. Guan: Birds sing.

4. Frog Mausoleum: Ma Xia Mausoleum, which is near the singer's residence.

5. Qiu Niang: the floorboard of geisha.

6. Fighting for the head: fighting for property.

7. Silver grate: an ornament on a woman's head.

8. Floating beam: Jingdezhen, Jiangxi.

9, vomiting sneer: describe hoarseness.

10, forwarding: just now.

1 1, blue shirt: Tang officials wear different colors at different levels. Blue is the lowest clothing color.

12, Yan: (Peng)

13 Chen

14, Di: (Di)

15, Cao

16, grate: (b √)

17, cymbal: (diàn)

In the tenth year of Yuanhe, he was demoted to Jiujiang Sima. One night in the second autumn, I sent a friend to Songpukou and heard someone playing the pipa on the boat. The voice is sonorous and longitudinal, with the charm of Beijing. When I asked the man, I realized that she was a geisha in Chang 'an. He studied pipa with two famous artists, Cao and Mu. As she grew older, her beauty gradually declined, and she had to become a businessman's wife. I ordered the wine and set it up, which made her play a few songs happily. She was very sad when she finished playing. Described the happy scene when I was young; But now, wandering and haggard, wandering in the rivers and lakes! It has been two years since I was demoted from Beijing, and I feel very calm and content with the status quo. After listening to her words that night, I felt the taste of being relegated, so I made this long poem for her, with a total of 6 12 words (in fact, the whole poem is 6 16 words), named Pipa Xing.

In the evening, I said goodbye to my friends by Xunyang River. Maple leaves are in full bloom and rustle in the autumn wind. The master got off the horse and walked into a friend's boat. He picked up the wine to drink, but there was no music to entertain him. Gloomily drunk, sad to be separated, to be separated, the vast river flooded in the bright moon. Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa floating on the water. The host forgot to go back and the guests refused to get up.

Quietly ask who is playing the pipa with voice. The pipa stopped, and I tried to speak but I couldn't speak slowly. Get close to the boat and let that man come to see you. Add wine, light a lamp, and set a banquet. After repeated calls, she was willing to walk out of the cabin, holding the pipa in her hand and covering half her face. Twisting the spindle, plucking the strings, plucking two or three times, but not yet playing a tune, I am full of emotions. Every string is sighing, and every sound is meditating, as if telling a dissatisfied story. With my eyebrows raised, I continued to play and play, telling an infinite sad event. Close it gently, twist it slowly, wipe it and pick it. I started to play "Nishang", and later I played "Liuyao". The thick string is noisy, as if it were a sudden storm, and the thin string is cut, as if it were a child's whisper. It's so noisy, big beads and small beads are in a mess, all of which are tracts of jade. How hard it is to cross the flower bottom-how fluently it calls and how hard it is to swallow the spring water under the ice! When the running water freezes, it also freezes the strings of the pipa. Black boy freezes, and his voice stops temporarily. In addition, it also reveals a kind of sadness hidden in the deep heart. At this time, there is no sound, but it is more exciting than sound. Suddenly a silver bottle exploded and water slurry rushed in. Suddenly, a group of soldiers came out, and their swords and guns roared. After the bullet is finished, the plucked string crosses the middle of the string, and the four strings make the same sound, as if tearing silk. There was no one talking on the east and west ships, only a full moon shining in the middle of the river.

I suspect that swallowing the dial and inserting it on the string, tidying up my clothes and standing up is very respectful. She complained, "Originally, she was a girl from Beijing and lived near the Ranling. At the age of thirteen, he learned to play the pipa, and his name was registered in the first part of the teaching workshop. Playing music has won the praise of composers, and combing makeup often causes Qiu Niang's jealousy. Wuling teenagers rushed to give gifts, and a song was exchanged for countless Wuling Shu brocade. The beating time broke the cloud grate on the head, eating wine and splashing bloody skirts. Laugh this year, laugh next year, and spend many autumn nights and spring gently; My brother joined the army, my aunt left this world, and ruthless time took away her beautiful face. The cars and horses in front of the door are getting thinner and thinner. I married a businessman and followed him here. Businessmen only value profits and don't care about parting. Last month, they went to Fuliang to buy tea for business. Leave me at the mouth of the river, I am alone in this empty boat house. Moonlight around the boat Bai Rushuang, the river is so cold. I suddenly dreamed of my childhood in the middle of the night, full of tears, and I was even sadder when I woke up. ……"

I sighed after listening to the pipa, and I was even more embarrassed after listening to these words. The same frustrated people wander in the distance, moved together, so what if they didn't know each other before! I have been ill since I left Beijing last year and was demoted to Xunyang. Xunyang is a desolate and remote place, where there is no music and orchestral music can't be played all year round. Living near Ganjiang River, low-lying and humid, around the yard, try to plant some Huang Wei and bitter bamboo. What do you hear here every morning and evening? Except for the cuckoo's cry, there is only the sad cry of the ape. Spring morning and autumn moon night, take out wine, but often drink it by yourself. Are there no folk songs? No village flute? Oh, the dumb taunt, that sound is really ugly! Listening to the music you play with the pipa tonight is like listening to the fairy sound in the sky, and my ears suddenly become open. Don't go, please sit down and play another tune, and I'll write the lyrics for you. The title is pipa.

After listening to my words, I stood for a long time, then sat down and plucked the strings, more anxious. Sadly, unlike the voice just now, the whole audience couldn't help crying. Who among them cried the most sadly? Jiangzhou Sima tears wet blue!

Commenting on the image of pipa girl created by the poet in this poem profoundly reflects the tragic fate of insulted and damaged musicians and artists in feudal society, and expresses the feeling that "neither of us is happy-we will grow old forever". At the beginning of the poem, I wrote "seeing guests off in autumn night", "suddenly smelling" and "playing the pipa", so I asked for a voice "secretly asking" and "moving the boat" and invited to meet each other. After a long time, the singer came out with his mask half open. This kind of echo and tortuous description laid the foundation stone for the theme of "doomsday reduction"

Then through the description of the music played by the pipa girl, the inner world of the pipa girl is revealed. First of all, there is love in the unfinished music, and then there are strings, sounds and readings, which show the ups and downs of the pipa girl.

Then, she went on to write about the life of the pipa girl: her skills taught her to be "talented and obedient", her appearance was "the beauty envied by all major dancers", and the teenagers in Kyoto were "bound heads" and "a song has countless red silks". However, with the passage of time, "her beauty gradually disappeared after singing every night", and finally she had to "marry a businessman's wife". This description of weeping complements her playing and singing above, and completes the shaping of the image of pipa girl.

Finally, the poet's emotional wave was inspired by the fate of the pipa girl, and he sighed: "We are all unhappy-we meet forever. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " Expressed the feelings of being in the same boat and helping each other in the same boat. Poetry is lively, step by step, dotted everywhere.

They are all endless themes. Like a surging river, it is undulating and enduring. Repeatedly chanting, swinging people's minds, infinite feelings. The language is forceful and vivid. Like a shower, like a whisper, concrete burst its banks, the sound of swords and guns, pearls falling on a jade plate and singing at the bottom of flowers. When you read it, you can smell it and feel it.

Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was named Lotte, a Buddhist in Xiangshan, and Mr. Zuiyin. His ancestral home was Taiyuan (now Shaanxi), and his great-grandfather Bai Wen moved to Xia □ (now Weinan, Shaanxi) and became a Xia □ person. In his later years, he was a formal prince who was not very rich. posthumous title was the white father, Bai Wengong, his grandfather and his grandfather. At the age of nine, he was familiar with this piece of music. 1 1 years old, he fled from Xingyang to Xuzhou R&F (now Suxian North, Anhui Province) because of the battle between the two rivers, and soon went south to Vietnam to go to the cousin of a county commander in Hangzhou. 15, 16 years old, determined to learn and study hard, my mouth was sour. Life is quite hard. In the sixteenth year of Zhenyuan, Bai Juyi was twenty-nine years old, and in the eighteenth year (802), he took the imperial examination with Yuan Zhen and was awarded the title of "scholar". They got engaged here, and later became famous in the poetry circle, known as "Bai Yuan". In the first year of Yuanhe (806), they stopped learning. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi lost his home because of his mother, and returned to Beijing to be a doctor for Prince Zuo Zanshan. In the tenth year of Yuanhe, the separatist forces of the two rivers jointly rebelled against the Tang Dynasty and sent people to assassinate the prime minister Wu, who advocated the crusade against the separatist forces of the buffer region. Bai Juyi took the lead in arresting the murderer in order to avenge the national humiliation. However, he was attacked by decadent bureaucratic forces as a matter of ultra vires and fabricated the charge of "dishonoring his name". Was demoted to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) Sima. This is a heavy blow to him. In the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, he served as the secretariat of Zhongzhou. In fifteen years, he was recalled to Beijing, worshipped the minister of history, moved the guest of honor, studied the imperial edict, and entered the Chinese book. Because of the state affairs, there was a conflict between the cronies of the DPRK and China, and he repeatedly said that he would not listen. In the second year of Changqing (1926), six wells were dredged in the city for drinking. On the day I left Suzhou, the villagers in the county sent them away with tears. In the first year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa (827), they visited the secretary supervisor. The following year, Bai Juyi was transferred to assistant minister of punishments. Since the age of 58, he has settled in Luoyang. He has successively served as a passing prince, Henan Yin, and a prince of Shaofu. In the second year of Huichang (842), he became an official with the minister of punishments. He is called "Bai Liu" now. In his comfortable old age, he still often thinks of the people. At the age of 73, he also raised funds to dig out the Eight Stones Beach in Longmen to facilitate navigation. Two years later, he died of illness and was buried at Pipa Peak in Xiangshan, Longmen (see Bai Juyi's tomb in Luoyang, Henan Province). The epitaph written by the poet Li Shangyin has now become a tourist attraction. Bai Juyi not only left nearly 3,000 poems in his life, but also put forward a whole set of poetic theories. The famous debate on "real meaning" (nine books are the same). Bai Juyi inherited China's traditional poetic theory with the theme of The Book of Songs, and attached great importance to the realistic content and social function of poetry. He said: "Write articles in time, write poems and things" (Nine Books in the Same Yuan). Bai Juyi compiled his poems many times before his death. 75 copies, 5 copies. They were collected in Lushan, Suzhou, Luoyang and their grandnephews' homes. During the turmoil in the late Tang Dynasty, manuscripts were scattered all over the place and written again and again, which is not what it used to be. The earliest existing collection of white works is more than 3,600 poems (including dozens of others' works) collected by Shaoxing people in the Southern Song Dynasty (11~ 65438+), and/kloc-0 was photocopied and published by Literature Ancient Books Publishing House in 955. In the thirty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1606), Ma Yuandiao reprinted Bai Changqing Collection (volume 7 1), which was basically the same as Shaoxing edition. Japan also has Bona Taoist temple. The content is basically the same as Shaoxing edition. There are 40 volumes of Poems of Bai Xiangshan engraved in Wang Liming in the Qing Dynasty, but only the poems have no text, of which 2 volumes are supplemented, which have been lost. In addition to the original comments, comments have been added. 1979, Zhonghua Book Company published Bai Juyi's Collection, which was collated by Gu. He also compiled two volumes of Waiji, collecting Bai's biography, Bai's important preface and postscript, and a short chronology. In terms of research materials, both new and old Tang books have biographies of Bai Juyi, and both Chen He have chronicles. Close to Chen's Poems and Cen's Bai Changqing. The Volume of Bai Juyi contains the critical materials from the middle Tang Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, and the Study of Bai Juyi by Hideki Hayashi of Japan is an important reference book for the study of Bai Juyi.

Bai Juyi is an outstanding realistic poet in ancient China after Du Fu. He lived for more than 70 years, which was a period of rapid development of various contradictions and conflicts after the An Shi Rebellion, and also a period of decline in the Tang Dynasty. The complicated social reality is fully reflected in Bai Juyi's poems. There are nearly 3,000 poems by Bai Juyi today, the number of which is second to none among poets in the Tang Dynasty. His achievements are mainly manifested in two aspects: First, political satire. The first is a long narrative poem represented by Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Xing. The former revealed almost all the crux of social pathology at that time in his works. The latter has its own twists and turns, detailed plot description from beginning to end, complete and vivid characterization. Language and tone are particularly smooth and symmetrical, beautiful and harmonious. This is a new type of poetry, which was called "a thousand-word poem" at that time.

In the tenth year of Yuanhe, (8 15), he colluded with the courtiers of the DPRK in the province of Wuyuanji, and sent people to stab Prime Minister Wu and Chang 'an in chaos. Bai Juyi was a doctor in the East Palace at that time, and he was a sinecure to accompany the prince, so he could not ask about state affairs. However, he couldn't restrain his anger, wrote to arrest the murderer, and was eventually demoted to Jiangzhou Sima on charges of exceeding his authority. Five years later.

Mainly leisure poems and sentimental poems. Sentimental poems: Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Travel.

Leisure poem: Farewell to Ancient Grass

It was during his period of "being alone" that he made a magic weapon of "being wise and protecting himself" through running-in with Confucianism, "Lotte know life", Taoism, "knowing enough and not humiliating" and Buddhism, and regretted that "standing at the age of 30 is full of right and wrong".

later stage

(that is, the death penalty for Jiangzhou Sima)

It is mainly composed of allegorical poems. The masterpiece is selling charcoal Weng.

The official career has been smooth sailing, always holding the purpose of "pleading for the people" and "saving the world".

earlier stage

(From being an official to being demoted to Jiangzhou Sima)

Characteristics of poetry

Life characteristics

period

Bai Juyi's Life and Poetry

representative works

The Everlasting Regret

Pipa player's song

Poetic lines-a genre of ancient poetry. Song Wang Zhuo's "Bi Ji Man Zhi" Volume 1: "Ancient poetry is called Yuefu, which means poetry can be sung. Therefore, there are songs, rumors, lines and songs in Yuefu. " Song Zhao Cao De's "guǒ" Volume 1: "Every song begins with a sound, which means it is quoted. ...