Fuxin, which means "things enrich the people and get rich, with a new look", is a "Pearl of Saibei" embedded in the northwest of Liaoning. It has a long history of civilization, profound cultural accumulation, rich natural resources and unique folk scenery. With a total area of 10355 square kilometers, the city governs seven districts, namely Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, Zhangwu County, Haizhou, Xihe, Taiping, Xinqiu, Qinghemen, Economic Development Zone and National Agricultural Science and Technology Park, with a total population of1930,000 and 30 ethnic groups including Han, Mongolian, Manchu, Hui and Korean.
Pan Liguo, Mayor of Fuxin, delivered a speech at the first Fuxin Agate Festival.
Fuxin is a city with profound cultural heritage. The ancient human site in Chahai, which is more than 7,600 years ago, has been praised by archaeologists at home and abroad as "the hometown of jade dragons and the beginning of civilization" because it has unearthed "the first jade in the world" and "the first Yi dragon in China". Fuxin was once the main activity area of Qidan nationality in Liao Dynasty, and was called "the hometown of Qidan, the hinterland of Liao Dynasty". Fuxin is also the oriental communication center of Tibetan Buddhism. Ruiying Temple has 267 cliff statues on Haitang Mountain, a famous holy place of Tibetan Buddhism, awarded by the State Council as the seventh living Buddha, which is a well-preserved treasure of relief plastic arts in China. The Yan Great Wall in the Warring States Period and the ancient city of Yizhou, the birthplace of Zhang Sanfeng, the founder of Wudang, show the rich and colorful history of Fuxin.
Fuxin is rich in mineral resources and has convenient transportation. Railways and highways run through the whole territory, and railway buses run through Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenyang, Dalian and other places. Fuxin Expressway is connected with Beijing-Shenyang Expressway. Especially with the construction of expressways in Zhang Shen, Chao Fu, Fuzhou-Railway and Zhang Tong, Fuxin will become an important transportation node in Northeast China, an important transportation hub in western Liaoning and eastern Mongolia, and the second important passage connecting Northeast China and North China.
Entering the new century, Fuxin has gained historic development opportunities. At the end of 20001,Fuxin was designated as a pilot city for economic transformation of resource-based cities by the state, shouldering the heavy responsibility of exploring the road of economic transformation with China characteristics for similar cities in China. Fuxin adheres to the principle of "self-reliance, leading influence, scientific and technological support, private operation and market operation", and relies on resource advantages, traditional advantages and comparative advantages to vigorously promote the construction of "three industrial bases" of important agricultural products and food processing and supply bases, important new energy production bases and important coal chemical bases in China, cultivate and expand a number of industries with advantages and characteristics, and take solid steps on the great journey of transformation and revitalization.
First, the history of Fuxin agate industry development
Fuxin area is one of the main producing areas of agate in China. The towns and villages that account for12 of this area are rich in agate resources. According to experts' exploration, most of the ore bodies deep in the surface have not been mined. Because the genesis of agate is related to volcanic eruption, agate can be divided into two forms, one is vein agate controlled by volcanic cracks, and the other is spherical agate formed by filling silica colloidal solution in volcanic pores. Agate rich in Fuxin area is a mixture of two shapes, so there are scattered agate veins on Fuxin land, which are scattered but not very concentrated. Agate stones can be found in slopes and ravines, fields and river beds where agate is produced. Especially after the heavy rain, the farmers' habit of collecting agate stones in fields, hillsides and riverbeds with baskets has continued since ancient times. In addition, some people dig holes to get agate stones.
Fuxin's unique geographical environment, climate, rivers, soil, landforms and other natural factors have created good conditions for the survival and reproduction of ancient humans. As early as 8,000 years ago, the ancestors of Chahai had already known jade. They could identify "beautiful stones" from stone materials and carve them into decorations and sacrificial articles. Twenty-seven jade articles, such as jade Jue, jade dagger and Yuhuan, and many agate scrapers (used as knives by the ancients) were unearthed in this site. Mr. Su, former director of the Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Sciences, praised the Chahai site as "the hometown of Yulong".
The agate scraper unearthed from the Chahai site in Fuxin, a national key cultural relic protection unit, was made and used by the ancestors of Chahai 8000 years ago.
One thousand years ago, the agate collection and processing industry in Fuxin area of Liao Dynasty appeared the first prosperous period in history. According to textual research, Fuxin area at that time was the central hinterland of Liao Dynasty, the fief of Xiao family of Hou family, and the treasure house of the royal family. 1950 The agate fancy cup unearthed from Liao Xiaoshenwei's tomb in Qinghemen is oval lotus petal-shaped, beautifully shaped, with six petals, slightly thick body and full round shape. Its material is produced in Cangtu Town today. At the same time, a small agate cup with thick wall was unearthed in the tomb. After analysis and demonstration, these two agate cups were made by a jade craftsman in Fuxin. 1974 and 1999 unearthed from Liao tomb in Yemaotai, Faku, both came from Fuxin and were beautifully carved, which were masterpieces of jade craftsmen in Fuxin at that time. 1993, a complete set of agate weiqi was unearthed from the Liao tomb in Luojianggou Village, Zhizushan Town, Fumeng County. 1966 A set of agate Go was unearthed from Zunhua Tomb in Chaoyang Textile Factory. It is made of black and white stones with a diameter of 1.6 cm, and its two sides are slightly raised, which makes the chess piece have a certain luster. 65,438 pieces in black and 65,438 pieces in white are the earliest and most complete agate Go ever discovered in China. In addition, many agate artifacts unearthed in Chaoyang Beita underground palace are all Fuxin in terms of materials. The agate ornaments of Liao Dynasty unearthed in Fuxin area are exquisite agate turquoise tube bead necklaces unearthed from Liao tomb in Wulanmutushan, including 3 agate ornaments (beads 1 tube 2). The tube is dark red, round and tubular, with a perforated protrusion in the middle, flat, 3 cm long, 0.7 cm in diameter and less than 0.2 cm in wall thickness, perforated and perforated.
1950, the agate fancy cup unearthed from the tomb of Liaoxiao Shenwei in Qinghemen District was made in Cangtu Town today, and all agate products were made by Fuxin jade craftsmen.
1966 A set of agate Weiqi, black and white stone, was unearthed from Chang Zunhua's tomb in Liao Dynasty in Chaoyang Textile Factory. This is the earliest and most complete agate Go found in China so far. According to research, this agate raw material comes from Fuxin area.
Qing Dynasty was the second prosperous period of Fuxin agate industry. According to research, Qianlong period in Qing Dynasty was the heyday of agate industry development in Fuxin. "Trivia in the Palace" in Records of the Qing Dynasty contains: "Sixteen caves were dug, there were thousands of kiln workers, and there was a commercial city in the south". The agate ornaments and carvings used by the Qing court were all made from Fuxin, and a considerable part of them were processed, so Fuxin agate became a tribute of the court. According to folklore, the name of ying zi cun, the treasure of Qijiazi Township in Fumeng County, was sealed by Emperor Qianlong. Because the Prince of Tumote Zuoqi (now Wang Fu Town) presented a bunch of Buddha's light stones, agates and beads from the village on his 60th birthday. The reputation of "the hometown of agate" rose to fame and spread far and wide at home and abroad.
1997 agate ornaments unearthed from Liao tomb in Wulanmutushan
After the founding of New China, the agate industry in Fuxin has been greatly restored and developed. 1974, a piece of water bile agate stone with red, yellow, white and black flowers weighing 30 kilograms was once produced in Cangtu Town, which was not only transparent, but also colorful and particularly precious, because there was a lot of water in the water bladder. According to the instructions of Premier Zhou Enlai, it was carved into a national wonder "water curtain cave" and collected by the Chinese History Museum.
1974, the water bile agate stone with red, yellow, white and black flowers once produced in Cangtu Town has been carved into the national wonder "water curtain cave" and collected by the China History Museum.
Second, the development of agate industry in Fuxin
Fuxin Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government attach great importance to the development of agate industry. At the critical moment when the economic transformation is developing in depth, the construction of "industrial year" is vigorously carried out, and the economic development is comprehensively promoted, a strategic choice is made to strengthen the development of the characteristic agate industry in Fuxin, make it bigger and stronger, and make Fuxin the agate capital of the country. At the demonstration meeting of developing characteristic industries held by the municipal party committee and the municipal government, it was determined that the agate industry was the leading characteristic industry in Fuxin's economic transformation, which set the strategic direction for Fuxin's agate industry. At the end of 2005, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government decided to set up a municipal agate industry office to be responsible for the comprehensive coordination of agate industry development. At the beginning of 2006, the Municipal Agate Industry Office prepared for the establishment of the Municipal Agate Association and established an industry convention. At the same time, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government issued the Implementation Plan for Accelerating the Development of Agate Industry, which specifically deployed the guiding ideology, development goals and specific measures for the development of Agate Industry.
Under the guidance of the implementation plan, according to the overall goal of building "four centers" of circulation, processing, information and culture, the agate industry in Fuxin has shown a good trend of rapid development since 2006. Agate products have formed 7 series, more than 200 varieties and thousands of styles, including handicrafts, ornaments, tourist souvenirs, sporting goods, health products, decorative materials and industrial supplies. According to incomplete statistics, in the first half of 2007, the annual sales of agate products reached 325 million yuan, and agate production enterprises and businesses in Fuxin area grew rapidly, reaching more than 6,800 households with 35,000 employees. The Agate Industrial Park under construction has begun to take shape after a year of construction in 2006: the first phase of the project is 600 mu, which has basically reached the conditions of "five connections and one leveling". The total investment in infrastructure construction in the park is 6.5438+0.65438+0.77 million yuan, of which two enterprises invested in construction and put into production that year. In the first half of 2007, two new projects were started, namely, agate carving technical training school and agate trading market under construction. The renovation and expansion project of agate boutique gem city in urban area is under planning and design, and the urban and rural development pattern is gradually taking shape.
The fiery and enthusiastic 2007' China Fuxin Agate Expo Shenyang Phase II exhibition site.
While developing the agate industry, the municipal government attaches great importance to the excavation of agate cultural resources. We should seriously study Fuxin's cultural resources-tea sea culture, jade culture, Liao culture and Tibetan Buddhism culture, position the development of characteristic industries in China's most distinctive culture and industry-agate industry, and develop agate cultural resources and agate industry. The Municipal Bureau of Culture has taken precautions and made great efforts to explore the cultural connotation of agate. In 2000, the first agate exhibition was held. Entrusted by the municipal government, the provincial investment delegation participated in investment promotion activities in Nanjing and Wuhan for many times and participated in the agate exhibition. Collect fine agate pictures carved by Fuxin agate carving masters, and make fine agate picture books and desk calendars successively; In order to combine Fuxin's regional culture, characteristic culture and literary works, after several years' creation, the modern Peking Opera "Agate with Blood Gallbladder" was arranged. In 2004, he won the gold medal in the sixth Liaoning Arts Festival, and in 2005, he participated in the national outstanding repertoire exhibition to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the victory of China People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the world anti-fascist war.
The first China Fuxin Agate Festival showed the grand occasion of a large-scale cultural performance of "Entering the Agate Capital" with strong local characteristics.
In order to better publicize the image of Fuxin city, build a platform for Fuxin's opening to the outside world, and display the agate culture, in July 2006, with the strong support of China Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Industry Association, Fuxin successfully held the first China Fuxin Agate Festival. From the arrangement of activities to the creativity and conception of various activities, the "Agate Festival" closely revolves around Fuxin's historical culture, agate culture and characteristic culture, especially the large-scale cultural performance of "Walking into the Agate Capital", the national jade carving competition of "Red Agate Cup" and the naming ceremony of "Red Agate Square", which all contain the connotation of agate culture and reflect the regional customs of agate. The "Agate Festival Shenyang Phase II Exhibition" held in Shenyang has once again swept the provincial capital. In 2007, Fuxin successfully held the grand 2007 China Fuxin Agate Expo, which once again showed the profound connotation of Fuxin agate culture and the vigorous development of agate industry to the whole country and the world.
At the same time, Fuxin is actively operating to build a city brand of "Agate Capital". In 2005, Fuxin applied to the Trademark Office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce for registration of the "Agate Capital" trademark. Shijiazi Town of Fumeng County was rated as the second batch of industrial tourism demonstration sites in China by the National Tourism Administration. In 2006, "Fuxin Agate Carving" was officially included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. 165438+ 10, Fuxin Agate participated in the 2006 China International Jewelry Fair held in Beijing. Fuxin, as the representative of Agate Characteristic Industrial Base, participated in the Mayor Forum of China Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Characteristic Industrial Base. At the opening ceremony of the forum, Fuxin was awarded the title of "China Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Characteristic Industry Base" by China Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Industry Association and the Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Management Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources. Mayor Pan Liguo attended the forum.
China International Jewelry Expo June 5438+065438+2006 10, Sun Wensheng, Minister of Land and Resources and President of China Jewelry Industry Association, and other leaders visited the achievement exhibition of Fuxin Agate Industrial Base.
With the vigorous development of agate industry, agate carving talents who have left Fuxin have returned to Fuxin to start businesses. At present, there are nearly 20 jade carving masters or masters, and 100 people have reached the level of skilled craftsmen. They are the core and soul of Fuxin agate industry. They have won many gold, silver and bronze awards in national art exhibitions and competitions. The exquisite works of three generations of jade carving artists not only occupy a place in the national jade carving industry, but also lead the artistic innovation and lead the trend. In the "Tiangong Award" contest sponsored by China Gemstone Association, which represents the top level of jade carving art in China, Fuxin jade carving master's works have always been gold and silver awards, with fruitful results. In 2006, at the second China jade carving master Certificate Award Ceremony and the fifth "Tiangong Award" Award Ceremony, agate carvings selected by our city won 22 awards, including gold award, silver award, bronze award, best creativity award and excellent award. Two masters won the title of the second China jade carving master. With the continuous updating of agate processing technology and equipment, agate products are developing towards exquisite handicrafts. Only ten companies produce more than 654.38+00,000 handicrafts every year, and more than a thousand of them are collected by celebrities and connoisseurs. Fuxin agate products are exported to more than 30 countries and regions such as Japan, America, France, Italy and Switzerland, and are cherished and collected by overseas people.
Pan Liguo, Mayor of Fuxin, delivered a keynote speech at the Mayor Forum of China Jewelry Industry Base in 2006.
Three, Fuxin agate industry development prospects and comparative advantages
Fuxin has always been famous for its abundant coal. Fuxin also has silica sand, gold, iron, perlite, zeolite, medical stone, fluorite and other minerals, which make Fuxin people most proud. Agate is the best in China. Fuxin is the main agate producing area, processing area and distribution center of agate products in China. Fuxin has two unique large agate wholesale and retail markets in urban and rural areas. From Sun Island in the north, Hainan Island in the south, Qingdao in the east and Xinjiang in the west, most of the agate handicrafts you see are produced in Fuxin, and quite a few operators are Fuxin people. In the transformation practice with cultivating and continuing alternative industries as the main task, Fuxin agate shows great industrial development potential, which makes it have a high position and influence in similar industries in China. So Fuxin agate has a long-term comparative advantage in many industries.
2007 China Fuxin Agate Expo was grandly opened.
Fuxin agate is rich in reserves and has distinctive quality characteristics. According to authoritative experts from the 2004 International Mine Survey Conference, Fuxin agate reserves account for 50% of the national total. Fuxin agate is famous for its large products, many varieties, full colors, beautiful texture, excellent texture and strange material shape. In May 2004, Qijiazi in Fumeng County mined the 66-ton "Agate King". In the summer of 2005, Zidutai Township excavated the "Great Agate Wall" with a length of more than 30 meters, a height of nearly 5 meters and a thickness of 0.6 meters. These two agate stones "turned out" and caused a sensation all over the world. Fuxin agate is becoming more and more famous and widely circulated at home and abroad.
The mining and processing of agate in Fuxin has a long history and deep roots. Fuxin occupies a special historical position in the history of jade culture in China, where the earliest jade articles in China and even the world were born. The agate scraper unearthed from Chahai site shows that Fuxin ancestors had been engaged in agate mining and processing as early as 8000 years ago and began to use agate. A large number of agate cultural relics unearthed in Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and other provinces prove that the agate mining and processing industry in Fuxin has reached considerable prosperity during the Liao and Qing Qianlong periods. According to legend, the carvings and agate ornaments arranged by the Qing court were all made from Fuxin and partially processed.
The agate industry in Fuxin has begun to take shape and developed rapidly. After years of cultivation and development, Fuxin agate industry has initially formed a relatively complete agate industrialization chain, with relatively complete infrastructure and relatively independent raw material procurement and sales network. Fuxin has two agate markets, both in urban and rural areas, which are well-known at home and abroad. The two markets are becoming more and more prosperous and have become the largest agate trading center and processing distribution center in China. The agate industry in Fuxin has now become a characteristic industry in Fuxin, and it is also a famous "business card" in Fuxin.
There are many agate carving talents in Fuxin, and the masters are like clouds. They inherited the wisdom of the ancestors of the tea sea, were good at absorbing nutrition from other art categories, passed down from generation to generation, and were famous for their ingenuity and innovation. Their works are innovative in subject matter, technique and expression, ranging from the traditional "simple living", such as exquisite carvings of flowers, statues, bottles and ribbons, to the "elegant life" with typical artistic features of "ingenuity, beauty, strangeness and novelty". The works not only bring forth the new with the theme of China traditional culture, but also show the fiery life and aesthetic taste of people at home and abroad today, which makes this ancient and traditional agate carving art rejuvenate and give people a refreshing feeling of spring breeze.
The vigorous development of agate industry in Fuxin has made great contributions to Fuxin's economic development and social progress, and has the potential for sustainable development. According to incomplete statistics, the annual exploitation of agate stone in Fuxin area is about 800 tons, while the import volume has reached about 1.600 tons, and the utilization of resources outside the area is twice that in the area. A large number of raw materials for processing agate in our city are foreign resources, which is worth popularizing in the practice of economic transformation of resource-based cities.
The above advantages have laid an irreplaceable advantage of Fuxin agate in jade carving industry in our province and even in the whole country.
Four, Fuxin agate industry development goals and measures
During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, as the characteristic industrial base of Chinese jewelry and jade jewelry awarded by China Jewelry Industry Association, Fuxin Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government took effective measures to strengthen government guidance, develop and expand leading enterprises, and increase investment attraction, so that the agate industry gradually formed an industrial pattern with complete system, reasonable structure, advanced technology and sustainable development, and strived to build Fuxin into a national agate distribution, processing, culture and information center, and make every effort to build China agate capital. By the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the sales revenue of Fuxin agate industry will quadruple on the basis of 2005.
There are many agate carving talents in Fuxin, and their carving skills are excellent. The picture shows China jade carving master Yang Kequan's work "Becoming a Butterfly", which won the gold medal in the 4th China Jade Carving and Stone Carving Award, Fuxin.
The main development goal is to cultivate and build agate industrial clusters. The agate wholesale market in Shijiazi Town, Fuxin County uses a comprehensive national agate distribution center integrating scale, talents, varieties, products, processing equipment, accessories and logistics to build a primary processing distribution center. Fuxin Agate Gem City makes use of the advantages of talents, information and science and technology to gradually build a boutique market for technology research and development, product design appraisal, boutique display and product display, forming a pattern of simultaneous development of urban and rural areas, so as to realize large-scale and intensive management of agate industrial clusters and expand industrial development space.
Agate Industrial Park is located in Nalishan Village, southwest of Shijiazi Town Government, Fumeng County, on the north side of the second line of the reservoir. The first phase is planned to be 600 mu, and a large agate comprehensive processing zone, a commercial logistics management zone and an agate processing sewage treatment zone are planned. Phase II Planning 1400 mu. Among them, the first phase of the project will first build a sewage treatment plant, so that the sewage in the coloring processing zone can be collected and purified in a unified way to strengthen environmental protection. The infrastructure of Agate Industrial Park has reached "seven connections and one leveling". It is a comprehensive industrial park with agate processing industry as the leading factor, training and teaching, scientific research and culture, tourism and modern services as the subsidiary, and producing small pieces of agate products mainly by batch processing. By 20 10, it is planned to introduce 80 large, medium and small agate processing enterprises, with a total investment of 1 100 million yuan, sales revenue of 1 100 million yuan and profits and taxes of 30 million yuan. Strive for the turnover of the tertiary industry to reach 500 million yuan, with profits and taxes of 20 million yuan. Directly increase employment by 7,000 people.
Fuxin Agate Gem City, founded in July, 200 1 year, covers an area of 5,200 square meters, with a business area of 5,000 square meters and 52 business households. Fuxin Agate Gem City operates a wide range of agate products with complete patterns, both high-end products that have won awards in the country and products that are popular. Now it has become the largest and most complete agate market in China and an important window for Fuxin to open to the outside world. With the hot sale of agate carvings, the renovation and expansion of Fuxin Agate Gem City is imperative and has been included in the planning of our city. It is planned to rebuild and expand the original site and build a modern exhibition center integrating exhibition and sales.
Fuxin Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government has made great efforts to implement the "Four Strategies" to accelerate the development of agate industry, and strive to build the agate capital of China. The first is to implement the boutique strategy. At present, the competition of agate brand, grade and quality is becoming increasingly fierce. The producers and operators of agate industry in our city should establish brand awareness, cultivate marketing ability, create scale effect, and then expand the market, brand and increase efficiency. The second is to implement the cultural strategy. It is necessary to study and carry forward China agate culture, fully tap the historical culture, actively absorb modern culture, constantly highlight the revitalization of culture, design works of art with distinctive characteristics of the times, improve the cultural taste of Fuxin agate, and strive to form a brand effect; Hold the China Fuxin Agate Festival every two years, constantly expand Fuxin's popularity and brand influence of Fuxin agate by using the "festival pulling effect", build an agate product exhibition center suitable for the development of Fuxin agate industry, and hold regular exhibitions of agate products and other jade carving products to enhance the competitiveness of agate products and promote the development of local economy and related industries; The third is to implement the talent strategy and accelerate the pace of talent training. Fuxin has 30,000 agate employees, so it is urgent to speed up personnel training. Fuxin will make full use of the current situation, focus on the long-term, strengthen agate vocational and technical training, carry out skill appraisal among agate professionals, and gradually set up undergraduate and specialized courses related to gemstone appraisal and processing in colleges and universities, so that the cultivation of talents can continue the development of the industry; The fourth is to implement the cluster strategy. Take the construction of agate industry development base as the core, establish a diversified investment mechanism and increase support for agate industry. Introduce and support agate leading enterprises in a planned, targeted and targeted manner, implement leading and driving, and play its radiation role. It is planned to strive for large agate enterprises all over the country to invest and settle in Fuxin. Further integrate resources, promote the intensive and large-scale development of agate industry, reduce costs, build industrial chain, form value chain, improve efficiency, and seek the development of agate industry with new ideas and new viewpoints.
The development and prosperity of agate industry in Fuxin need the joint efforts of professionals in agate industry, the active guidance and support of local governments, and the care and guidance of experts from national and provincial gemstone associations. Fuxin should seize the favorable opportunity of historical development, and Qi Xin should make concerted efforts to speed up the construction of characteristic industrial bases in a down-to-earth and efficient manner, and make every effort to build China's agate capital.
Construction Planning of Shijiazi Agate Industrial Cluster Industrial Park in Fumeng County, Fuxin City