Xining in May has stepped into the threshold of spring, and the thick breath of Spring Festival has already permeated the earth, but Sun Moon Mountain, as the watershed between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the mainland, is still shrouded in snowy winter. The cold wind whistling outside the car, snowflakes flying, and the windshield wipers kept scraping off the snowflakes on the glass. The endless grasslands and rolling mountains in the distance have long been covered with snow, and the original green space is white.
Sun Moon Mountain-Princess Wencheng bid farewell to her hometown
Sun Moon Mountain is 90 kilometers away from Xining, and Sun Moon Lake crossing the Qinghai-Tibet Highway is 3520 meters above sea level.
In fact, the landform environment of Sun Moon Mountain is not steep compared with the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. But since ancient times, it has long been famous for its vast snowy areas, because Princess Wencheng and Princess Jincheng passed through here when they married Tubo. The eternal story makes all passers-by stop here, climb this mountain, and pursue the traces left by Princess Wencheng when she passed by.
Stepping on the snow along the mountain road, looking around, the earth is vast and snowy; Although it's freezing, it's refreshing to climb high and overlook at this time, as if the blood in the body is accelerating circulation, but the whole body feels a burning sensation.
In Tibetan, "Sun Moon Mountain" means "Donima" or "Nimadawa", which means the sun and the moon. In fact, "Sun Moon Mountain" is mainly named after Princess Wencheng's story about the Sun Moon Mirror.
According to records, from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, Sun Moon Mountain was called Chiling, which was the boundary mountain between the Northern Wei Dynasty and Tuguhun, and between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo. It was named after the reddish yellow sand on the top of the mountain.
This is the watershed between the outflow river and the inland river in eastern Qinghai, and it is also the natural dividing line between the agricultural area and the animal husbandry area in eastern Qinghai, so Sun Moon Mountain is also called the "grassland gateway". Every spring and summer, green grass, cattle and sheep full of slopes, tents bit by bit, the scenery is very spectacular. However, what is displayed in front of my eyes at this time is the most essential landform environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau-some desolate, rough and magnificent, although not covered with green grass.
Sun Moon Mountain is not only famous in ancient and modern times, but also has many legends. Among them, the stories and legends of Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet are the most popular and touching. In the fourteenth year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan reign (AD 640), Tubo sent a special envoy Lu Dongzan to Chang 'an to offer a dowry to get married, and Emperor Taizong promised Wen to become a princess. When the princess was married far away, Emperor Taizong prepared all kinds of daily utensils, jewelry, silks and satins, books, medicines, silkworm eggs and grain seeds as dowry, and also sent bands and craftsmen to Tubo with him.
They set out from Chang 'an, Kyoto in the Tang Dynasty, crossed the Yellow River, entered Qinghai and headed west along Huangshui River. After Sun Moon Mountain, Songzan Gambu personally led troops to camp on the south bank of Zhaling Lake to meet the princess, and Li Daozong presided over a grand wedding. Songtsan Gampo and Princess Wencheng entered Tibet via Yushu and arrived in Lhasa today on April 15. They were warmly welcomed by people in Xizang. Princess Wencheng went to Tibet to get married, leaving many beautiful legends and historical sites along the way.
According to legend, when Princess Wencheng came to Sun Moon Mountain, she climbed to the top of the mountain and looked around. She can't help feeling sad. Tears streamed down her face and she was homesick, so she took out the "Sun Moon Mirror" given to her by her former queen. At that time, the queen told her that if she was homesick on the road or after Tubo, she would take it out and have a look. Chang 'an and her mother can be seen in the mirror. Princess Wencheng thought of this and took out the mirror. Sure enough, she saw Chang 'an and her mother in the mirror. This made the princess even more sad and accidentally broke the "Sun Moon Treasure Mirror" into two halves. History has become a legend, and legend has become a myth. This is why it was called "Chiling" in ancient times and later renamed "Sun Moon Mountain". Seventy years later, Princess Jincheng of the Tang Dynasty embarked on a long road of marriage here. In order to consolidate the reconciliation between Tang and Fan, during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Tang and Tubo countries also set up a good monument of Han and Tibetan on the top of Sun Moon Mountain. Tibetans and Han people live in harmony with Sun Moon Mountain as the boundary, and the Sun Moon Mountain is the place where tea and horses exchange. According to historical records, since the establishment of the Tang Dynasty in June18, they have lived in harmony with all ethnic groups in the border areas, and the leaders of all ethnic groups have sent envoys to propose to the Tang Dynasty. Tang dynasty 15 princess married other nationalities.
Since Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, the relationship between Tibetans and Datang has been getting better and better. Sometimes Tibetans send dozens of big fat sheep to the Tang Dynasty, and sometimes Datang sends distinctive treasures to Tibetans.
The relationship between the two countries is integrated with each other, almost like two very good friends. The relationship between Princess Wencheng and Songzan Gambu is getting better and better. Princess Wencheng and Songzan Gampo are a very good couple in Tibet, and almost only death can separate them. However, Emperor Tang was hacked to death by his men in his sleep. Although the last person was burned to death by cowardice, even the imperial doctor Hua Tuo, Bian Que could not be a dead horse and saved the Tang Emperor. The mother of Princess Wencheng, the favorite princess in the Tang Dynasty, was also heartbroken and finally jumped off the cliff. Under the cliff, the hungry wolf picked up the cheap for nothing. After the big wave and the little wolf robbed each other, there was nothing on the ground except clothes.
Obviously, they were hungry and swallowed all the bones. Ministers in the Tang Dynasty were very angry. The emperor's favorite concubine is missing, so we can't see the body and die. Finally, they found the clothes of the emperor's favorite princess under the cliff, with a few wolf hairs on them. In a rage, ministers carried out wolf killing activities, and Tibetan leaders were very angry. The two countries fought and eventually lost both sides. Songzan Gambu can't stand what the soldiers of Tang Dynasty did any more-they actually beat wolves! For Mongolians and Tibetans, wolves are "grassland cleaners" and the destination of souls. For the Han people, it is "grandma wolf" and "wolf" ... Angry Tibetans killed all the Han people in a rage, then cut off the wolf skin and made it into a small fur jacket, which was attacked by Princess Wencheng for winter clothes. Princess Wencheng hates Tibetans who killed Datang, but she still can't tolerate the cruelty of Datang soldiers. After all, wolves are also life! Princess Wencheng left Songtsan Gampo with carpenters, masons and blacksmiths. Moving to the depths of the forest, a person lives a poor life. Haha, this is enjoyment. Songzan Gambu's illness is getting worse every day. His men have been to the place where Princess Wencheng lives to report Songzan Gambu's situation. Once, Princess Wencheng finally couldn't stand it. Had to move back to the royal family.
From then on, Princess Wencheng and Songzan Gambu lived a leisurely life, and their feelings came together again.