1. Supervision and spot check is an important means to regulate the market.
National supervision and spot check is an activity organized by the product quality supervision department of the State Council to organize relevant provincial quality and technical supervision departments and product quality inspection institutions to conduct sampling inspection on the products produced and sold in accordance with relevant regulations, and publish and handle the results of spot checks according to law. It is one of the main ways for the state to supervise and inspect product quality.
As a special kind of precious consumer goods, the quality of jewelry has always been the focus of consumers' attention. The method of supervision and spot check not only reflects the development status and overall development trend of China's jewelry market, but also reflects some problems that need to be solved. It plays an important role in supervising the quality of jewelry market products, popularizing national, industrial and local standards and relevant laws and regulations, and standardizing the business activities of jewelry enterprises. Through many supervision and spot checks on jewelry, the jewelry market has been gradually improved, and the market competition mechanism of survival of the fittest and a fair and orderly jewelry market competition environment have been initially realized, and the overall product quality of the jewelry industry has been greatly improved. However, there are still some hidden quality problems, such as nonstandard names of jewelry and jade jewelry products, incorrect naming and inaccurate diamond grading. At the same time, it also reflects that jewelry enterprises and some quality inspection institutions have problems such as lax product quality control, insufficient understanding of standards and insufficient technical level.
2. Monitoring and sampling of industrial and commercial jewelry in 2009
According to the Power of Attorney for Quality Monitoring and Sampling of Jewelry Products in Circulation in 2009 issued by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce (2009), the National Center for Quality Supervision and Inspection of Jewelry and Jade conducted spot checks on jewelry products in circulation in six key cities in China (Tianjin, Shenyang, Shanxi, Wuhan, Chongqing and Hangzhou).
Monitoring and sampling * * * A total of 4 1 enterprises were sampled, 2 1 enterprises were all qualified, and the qualified rate of the sampled enterprises was 5 1.2%.
* * * 2,478 pieces of jewelry were inspected, of which 75 pieces were sampled. Involving 1948 diamonds (including loose diamonds and diamond jewelry), 400 kinds of colored gems (including pearls, aquamarine, topaz, synthetic cubic zirconia, dyed quartzite, glass, etc. ) and 130 pure precious metal jewelry.
Of the 75 samples sampled, 49 were qualified, accounting for 65.3% of the samples sampled. There are 26 unqualified samples, accounting for 34.7% of the sampled samples. The overall qualified rate of this monitoring is 98.95%, and the unqualified rate is 1.05%.
Among the 75 samples sampled, there are 60 classified samples of diamonds, 1 1 samples of jewelry and jade, and 4 pure precious metal ornaments. Of the 60 diamond grading samples, 44 were qualified, accounting for 73.3% of the total diamonds, and 6 were unqualified/kloc-0, accounting for 26.7% of the total diamonds. 1 1 Among the jewelry and jade samples, 4 pieces were qualified, accounting for 36.4% of jewelry and jade, and 7 pieces were unqualified, accounting for 63.6% of jewelry and jade; Of the four pure precious metal ornaments, one is qualified 1 piece, accounting for 25.0% of pure precious metal, and three are unqualified, accounting for 75.0% of pure precious metal.
In the process of testing, unqualified diamond grading samples mainly show that the marked color grade and clarity grade are inconsistent with national standards, unqualified jewelry and jade appraisal samples mainly show naming errors, and unqualified precious metal samples mainly show the lack of material name seal and manufacturer code seal.
3 Comprehensive analysis
The inspection results show that the overall quality of the domestic jewelry market is good. Well-known brand enterprises attach great importance to product quality and corporate image. Most enterprises have orderly internal quality management and carefully selected third-party quality assurance institutions, so the quality of goods sold can be better controlled. However, some jewelry enterprises still have hidden quality problems.
3. 1 There are problems with the goods sold by jewelry enterprises.
(1) The jewelry is misnamed. For example, "Topaz" is marked as "Crystal".
(2) The naming of jewelry is not standardized. For example, "dyed quartzite" is labeled as "Ma Laiyu".
(3) The precious metal imprint is incomplete. For example, in some samples sampled this time, precious metals lack material name stamp and manufacturer code stamp.
(4) The diamond grade is unqualified. For example, the color level "H" is labeled as "G" and the clarity level "SI" is labeled as "VS".
3.2 Problems existing in quality inspection institutions
The internal quality management of most domestic jewelry quality inspection institutions is orderly, and the test results are scientific, fair and accurate. However, there are great problems in the appraisal certificate of foreign testing institutions. Of the 60 graded diamonds sampled this time, 16 were unqualified, of which 14 were equipped with foreign certificates, accounting for 87.5% of unqualified diamonds.
The main reasons and their influence on the market:
First of all, foreign testing institutions are basically commercial laboratories, and their testing standards are constantly changing with the changes in the market. With the in-depth development of China's economy and the increasing international trade, the inspection certificates issued by foreign inspection institutions flood into the domestic jewelry market with diamonds. These diamonds sold in China have no national testing standards, and the technical rules on which many foreign testing institutions are based are even more uneven, which is far from the national standards. The inspection certificates issued by these foreign inspection institutions for diamonds less than 1 carat sold in China are generally false high. This is a great impact on the gradual improvement of the national diamond grading system in China.
Secondly, this kind of foreign certificate marked with false high color level or purity level is especially welcomed by some enterprises. Sales companies use "international certificates" as a selling point and a means of promotion. This kind of diamonds with false high color grade or clarity grade also means higher sales price, which seriously damages the interests of consumers.
Thirdly, foreign testing institutions take advantage of the false high "international certificate" to attract some enterprises to cooperate with them. This unfair competition has seriously damaged the legitimate interests of enterprises that strictly implement national standards and domestic testing institutions.
To sum up, the massive circulation of these foreign certificates which are sold in China but do not implement Chinese national standards in China market will seriously affect and damage the healthy and orderly development of China's jewelry market.
4. Some suggestions
4. 1 Strengthen the supervision of enterprises by the government and industry associations.
(1) Focus on publicizing laws and regulations such as metrology law, product quality law, standardization law and consumer rights protection law to enterprises, so that enterprises can operate according to law.
(2) Organize managers and technicians of enterprises to seriously study the relevant standards of jewelry and jade jewelry, urge enterprises to continuously strengthen professional training for employees, continuously improve the quality of employees, enable enterprises to strengthen product quality control, accurately mark product labels and seals or other quality certification documents, avoid irregularities, missing labels, wrong labels or even false labels, and ensure that accurate product quality labels enter the market, thus avoiding unnecessary product quality risks and disputes, and effectively protecting consumers' rights and disputes.
(3) Strengthen the management of jewelry enterprises, strengthen the quality awareness of enterprises through regular supervision and inspection and selection of outstanding enterprises, and constantly promote enterprises to improve product quality.
4.2 Standardize the market
We will step up the formulation and improvement of jewelry product identification laws and regulations, and avoid enterprises from relaxing commodity technical standards at will through relevant regulations, so as to further standardize and purify the jewelry market.
4.3 Improve the quality of domestic jewelry quality inspection institutions
Improve the technical level and professional ethics of domestic jewelry quality inspection institutions to protect the healthy and orderly development of China's jewelry industry.
4.4 Give full play to the advantages of the government and industry associations, and clean up and rectify the domestic testing certificate market.
(1) It is suggested that the competent government departments should formulate corresponding laws and regulations, and strictly require that jewelry sold in the domestic market must have inspection certificates that comply with Chinese national standards.
(2) It is suggested that government departments should strengthen the supervision of the jewelry market and clean up and rectify the domestic testing certificate market through regular supervision and inspection. Only in this way can the fundamental interests of consumers be truly protected, and the stable and healthy development of the jewelry market be guaranteed and maintained.
(3) Using various media means (TV, Internet, etc.). ) Publicize national standards and excellent domestic laboratories to consumers, instead of blindly trusting foreign laboratories and foreign certificates.