Formation process of gemstones
The formation of gems can be roughly divided into four processes.
1, lava and related liquids
2. Environmental change
3, surface water and
4. Formation of the mantle
Composition of sapphires and rubies
The mineralogical name of ruby and sapphire is corundum. Crystals are usually barrel-shaped, conical, plate-shaped, columnar, irregular particles and so on. Hardness 9, specific gravity 3.95 ~ 4. 10, refractive index N0 = 1.767 ~ 1.772. The renaturation rate is 0.008 ~ 0.009. When mixed with metallic chromium, the composition is red. Mixed with iron, titanium, manganese, etc. , is blue or other colors. Now in gemmology and jeweler's industry, all corundum transparent crystals (which can be used as gems) are called except red transparent crystals. Sapphire? If it's yellow, call it? Yellow sapphire? ; Green, isn't it? Green sapphire? Wait a minute.
There are two special varieties of ruby and sapphire, called? Xing Cai Ruby? And then what? Xing Cai sapphire? This kind of gem is generally opaque or nearly translucent. After polished into an arc-shaped gem, six radial bands of light appear on the top surface of the arc, just like a shining star.
Ruby, is it very old in China? Red thorn? 、? According to temple red? And then what? Ballas? Known as. Now you know? Ballas? What's the name of a real mineralogist? Spinel? Gemstones. Sapphire, ancient China? Se se? This name, and ancient? Se se? As the name of jewelry, it also refers to other blue or green gems. In recent years, the origin of sapphire has been found in East China and South China, but ruby has not been found yet. If sapphire is found in the ancient tomb, it is likely to come from Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and other places. Ruby may come from Myanmar, Thailand and Cambodia.
Tao Zongyi, an emerald writer at the end of Yuan Dynasty, called it "Zuo Geng Lu"? Splash? .
Emerald generally refers to transparent beryl mineral crystals of various colors that can be used as gems. According to different colors, everyone has their own names. For example, what are those blue ones called? Aquamarine? ; Yellow and green people say? Olive aquamarine? ; Pure yellow is called. Golden jade? ; The light red man said? Rose emeralds? Emerald will appear dark green or green only when its composition contains chromium.
The unique turquoise color of emeralds is due to the mixing of chromium ions in the crystals. The content of chromium trioxide is generally 0. 15 ~ 0.20%, and the content of dark emerald can reach 0.5 ~ 0.6%. Crystals are often hexagonal, with hardness of 7.5 and specific gravity of 2.7 1. It is transparent and glassy. Refractive index: No, refolding index is 0.006. There are often defects in crystals, mostly shiny small pieces, also known as? Cicada? Emerald because of its beautiful color, there are? King of Emerald? More than 4000 years ago, it was inlaid as jewelry in ancient Egypt and Greece, and was often shaped into a plate or a price ladder, which was specially called by the arts and crafts circles? Emerald type? .