Material of Historical Figures in College Entrance Examination Composition —— Cao Cao

Cao Cao (155-220), namely Wei Wudi. Politicians, militarists and poets of the Three Kingdoms. The word Meng De, nicknamed Ayun, is from Guo Peiqiao County (Bozhou, Anhui Province).

(1) profile

1. Cao Cao, who was suspected of killing Hua Tuo in his later years, suffered from gout in his brain. Hua Xin, the current minister, recommended Warren, an imperial doctor. Unfortunately, when Warren pointed out that the disease was caused by wind, the root of the disease was in the brain, and wind saliva could not be released, so it had to be eradicated by taking decoction for nothing. Cao Cao actually suspected that Hua Tuo was trying to kill him, so he killed Hua Tuo, and a generation of imperial doctors died like this.

2. Canceling the Cold Food Festival "Cold Food Festival" is said to have started from Yan's mourning for Jie in the Spring and Autumn Period. With the help of the intermediary, people will ban fire and cold food for more than 0/00 days. One year, when Cao Cao inspected and learned about the lives and feelings of local people, he found that the way people celebrated the "Cold Food Festival" every year had seriously affected and endangered the health of the people, so he ordered it to be abolished.

3. Advocating thin burial for 2 18 years, Cao Cao issued the last order, proposing that after death, he should not bury himself in the barren land, take the original height of the ground as the foundation, and do not pile soil or plant trees on the mausoleum. A year later, he prepared clothes for himself for the four seasons and left a will saying: If I die, please bury me according to the clothes I was wearing at that time, and don't bury anything like gold, jade, jewelry or bronze. Cao Cao was the first emperor in the history of China who proposed "thin burial".

4. Cutting hair represents the first time. When Cao Cao's army passed through the farmland and saw that the crops in the field were in sight, it ordered all those who trampled on the wheat fields to be beheaded. Unexpectedly, his horse was frightened, jumped into the wheat field and trampled a wheat field. In order to carry out his orders and win the trust of the people, he cut his hair instead.

5. Looking at Mei to quench thirst When Cao Cao was on the expedition, the road was short of water and the soldiers were thirsty, so he pointed to the front with a whip and said there was Merlin. Hearing this, the soldiers felt thirsty and finally got out of the predicament.

6. Boiling wine on heroes One day, Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking and commenting on heroes in the world. Cao Cao said: "Today's heroes in the world are only the king!" Hearing this, Liu Bei was taken aback and the spoon in his hand fell to the ground. It rained and thundered. Liu Bei calmly lowered his head and said, "The power of the earthquake is even here." Cao Cao laughed: "Is my husband also afraid of thunder?" Liu Bei said, "The sage's thunder will change. Why are you afraid?" In other words, even saints will be rude to lightning and strong winds. How can I not be afraid? The reason for the loss of smell speech was gently covered up. Cao Cao did not doubt Liu Bei.

7. Only when Xu You voted for Cao Cao barefoot was Cao Cao still sleeping. When he heard his old friend Xu Lai vote, he jumped out of bed quickly, without shoes and socks, and ran out to welcome him. Seeing Xu You from a distance, clap your hands and laugh, join hands with Cao Cao, and bow down to the ground first. When Xu You saw it, he was full of feelings.

8. In 207 AD, Jieshi was in the east, and the overall situation of unifying the north was decided. In the Mid-Autumn Festival in August, the autumn was crisp, and Cao Cao personally led a mighty division, full of pride of victory, and drove eastward. On the southwest coast of Bohai Sea, there is an abrupt mountain peak with unique charm. Cao Cao pranced his horse, raised his whip, climbed the mountain and watched the sea, facing the sea, and sang songs to celebrate his ambition. So I wrote the famous article "Looking at the Sea" that has been told for ages.

9. Killing innocent Dong Zhuo defeated Chao Gang, and Cao Cao led his son to flee to the village, passing through his friend Gao Lv Boshe's home. Bertha has gone out, only his five sons. At night, I heard the sound of their food containers colliding. I mistakenly thought it was suicide, so I killed them at night. Moreover, he said sadly, "I would rather lose the world than the world lose me!" " "This shows that cao cao's insidious and ruthless.

10. The 60th chapter of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms written by Cao Cao tells a story: Zhang Song asked for an audience with Cao Cao when he made a promise. Seeing that Zhang Song was short and ugly, Cao Cao deliberately snubbed him and met him while washing his feet, which made Zhang Song very angry. The next day, Yang Xiu, the master book of Cao Cao's library, took out Cao Cao's new art book "Meng De Xin Shu" and showed it to Zhang Song to show Cao Cao's great talent. Zhang Song read it again and wrote it down. He smiled deliberately and said, "This book can be recited by three-foot children in Shu. What is a new book? This was done by an anonymous person during the Warring States Period, and the Prime Minister Cao stole it for himself. " Yang Xiu didn't believe it, and Zhang Song said, "You don't believe it, I'll try." So I recited Meng De's new book from beginning to end without any mistakes. Yang Xiu was afraid and told Cao Cao. Cao Cao said strangely, "Did the ancients think like me?" If you think your book is not original, let someone else burn it.

1 1. Cao Cao, who was suspicious by nature, took the measure of "suspecting the grave" after his death. On the one hand, it is to prevent grave robbery, on the other hand, it is also related to his suspicious nature. Legend has it that on the day he was buried, all the gates of the postal city were opened, and 72 coffins were carried out from the gates in the southeast, northwest and four directions. Since then, the eternal mystery of Cao Cao's tomb has been hung up.

(2) Comments by famous artists

(Jin) Chen Shou: It can be described as an extraordinary person, a peerless outstanding person.

(Liang) Midsummer: Cao Gong is ancient and straight, with a sad sentence. (Poems, Volume II)

Su Shi (Song Dynasty): Wei Wu was good at predicting things, but he was not good at predicting people, so he lost his achievements because of repetition and failed because of his indiscretion. (On Wei Wudi) Cao Cao's traitors are dangerous and difficult, especially the heroes of quotations. ("Kong Beihai Zan")

(Qing) Liu Xizai: Cao Gong's poems are vigorous and powerful enough to cover everything. Jian 'an philosophers are second to none. ("Art?" Poetry ")

Zhang Taiyan: I believe in wisdom and wisdom, so I am close to being right. (Ode to Wei Wudi)

Lu? Xun: Cao Cao is a very capable man, at least a hero. Relationship between Wei's Style and Articles and Medicine and Wine

Mao Zedong: Yin (usually called "tyrant") is proficient in literature and military affairs, and both Qin Shihuang and Cao Cao are regarded as bad people, which is incorrect.

Guo Moruo: He was born 17,800 years ago. According to historical records, he can not believe in the destiny of ghosts and gods, destroy the altar of evil gods, get rid of superstitions, prohibit reburial, prohibit personal vendetta, avoid powerful people, show off his inferiority, and dare to publicly order and choose people who are called "heartless and unfilial but have the skill of governing the country and using troops."

Fan Wenlan: He is a hero who sets things right, so he is tragic, generous and heroic in literature.

Shen Bojun: The literary image Cao Cao is not a true copy of the historical figure Cao Cao, but he is a deduction of the basic characteristics of the historical figure Cao Cao. He was not only an outstanding politician who was ambitious and determined to be unified, but also a feudal ruler who was extremely self-interested and arrogant: he was proficient in military strategy, good at using troops and jealous of talents.

(3) the use of materials

Topic 1: Emotion and cognition of things

Material handling: remember that this often happens in history. For example, when a regime changes, some people will rise up and rebel. When Jiangshan comes to hand, they will keep saying that his "uprising" is in line with the weather and the general trend. When the people below it rebel because of hunger, cold and nakedness, it is a time of great rebellion, rebellion and nine families being punished! Obviously, like the uprising, there are two completely different versions. Why? Those who follow me prosper, and those who oppose me perish! What's more, people? I have to doubt that in the history books, so-and-so deceives teachers and destroys ancestors, and so-and-so sympathizes with the truth of the whole people. Mr. Lu Xun once said about Cao Cao's records. Because Cao Wei's luck was short, few people sang praises, and most of the people who created history were later generations, the ugly Cao Cao we saw on the stage was not the real Cao Cao. (Excerpted from the excellent composition Eccentricity of Anhui College Entrance Examination in 2003)

Topic 2: Rules

Material handling: it is difficult to form a square by sticking to the rules. Proper rules make the world more orderly, but with the continuous development and change, there must be a breakthrough to develop. In the past, the Han people wore wide robes and big sleeves, which looked graceful, but they were beaten out of the water by barbarians, so King Wuling of Zhao rode angrily and shot, and achieved success. Wei Wu Cao Cao mentioned that he was forbidden to die. When Chu Xu was in the wilderness, he got a large number of talented junior officers with low status. Only then did he defeat Yuan Shao and Lu Bu and establish a powerful state of Wei, but this system enabled a large number of gentry to support the Han emperor, and Cao Cao could not be proclaimed emperor all his life. His son took over all the officials in the world with the Nine-grade Zheng Zhi system, and completed the mission of dynasty replacement. As mentioned above, the Qin dynasty ruled the people strictly, but lost the world because of harsh laws. Emperor Gaozu made three chapters about the law, governing the people's hearts with the way of Laozi and Zhuangzi, and recuperating. The way of Confucianism won the talents in the world. It can be seen that only by breaking through the old shackles can we make great progress. (Excellent Composition of Beijing College Entrance Examination in 2002 (Excerpted from He Cheng Fangyuan))

Theme 3: Tolerance

Material handling: When Yuan Shao sent troops to crusade against Cao Cao, he ordered Chen Lin to die, and Chen Lin was resourceful. Cao Cao was surprised and broke out in a cold sweat. Even though he had a headache, he smiled and said, "A literate person must help by force. Although Chen Lin's literary career is good, it is not as good as Yuan Shaowu! " After Yuan's death, Chen Lin was arrested, and Cao Cao's men suggested killing Chen Lin. Cao pitied his talent, but he forgave them and ordered him to engage in it. When Yuan Shao's army was defeated, Cao Cao's army picked up a pile of Yuan's letters, all of which were letters from Cao Cao's subordinates who had an affair with Yuan Shao and plotted rebellion. At this time, someone suggested checking the names in the letter and killing all these people. However, Cao Cao denied this opinion and said, "Shao is strong, and he can't protect himself alone. What about others? " I immediately ordered someone to burn this "blacklist" and don't ask again. When Zhang Hetian went down to the mountain, Cao Hong told Cao Cao that Zhang was guilty, but Cao Cao said, "It is common for a military commander to win or lose." Cao Cao retreated to Yangpingguan, and ordered Chu Xu to meet the hay. Chu Xu was drunk, and Zhang Fei took his food and grass. He fled after being defeated and injured. Cao Cao didn't blame him. Bai Ji accepted the responsibility of failure and asked a doctor to treat Chu Xu's injury. Once Cao Cao sent someone to woo him, and Zhang was afraid that Cao Cao would not spare him, so he killed Cao Cao's son. Xie Jia told him that Cao Cao was a hero, and he would never forget his personal grievances in order to recruit talents. Zhang Xiu immediately saw Cao Cao and bowed to the stage. Cao Cao lifted him up, held his hand and said, "Don't take any small mistakes to heart", and appointed Zhang Xiu as the general. (Excerpted from On Cao Cao's Employment Policy)

Topic 4: Talents

Material handling: "Qingqing Zitiao, leisurely in my heart: but for your sake, I have been thoughtfully so far." The poem in this short song can be said to be the most important embodiment of Cao Cao's talent view. As a leader, Cao Cao is extremely eager for talents.

First of all, Cao Cao loves talents, because he is a talent who can achieve great things. Love is Cao Cao's nature, and it is also forced by the situation of three-thirds of the world, and the talented people live in it.

Secondly, Cao Cao respects talents and is meticulous and blameless, which is his tolerance and confidence in attracting and using talents. Without this idea, how could Cao Cao start from an escaped Beijing official, with only a few relatives under his command and never an inch of land under his feet, thus eliminating the heroes and owning the northern world? Most of his advisers came from the enemy's camp, or gathered in some opportunities of Cao Cao, such as Cheng Yu and Chu Xu. Or in his eminence, you can set the reputation of the world, such as Guo Jia and Yu Xun; Or fascinated by his vigorous performances, such as Man Chong and Dong Zhao; Or captured by Cao Cao camp, such as Zhang Liao and Zhang He; Or from the ranks of the people, such as prohibition of alcohol and joy. Imagine how Cao Cao could have done it if he didn't have enough personality and broad mind.

Because of love, Guan Yu will disregard everyone's opposition and be willing to let him go back. Because of his love for talent, Chen Lin, who once wrote a campaign to scold Cao Cao's grandfather, was sincerely hired. Because of love, I will take good care of Guo Jia when he is seriously ill and pity him. (Excerpted from Cao Cao's Theory of Love from the Perspective of Values)

Theme 5: Strategy

Material Processing: Liu Yiqing in Shi Shuo Xin Yu? The false story says that Cao Cao led the army to a place without water in a military operation, and the soldiers were very thirsty. Cao Cao lied to them and said: There are plum trees ahead. Picking plums there can quench your thirst. When the soldiers heard that there were plums to eat, their mouths watered and they were not so thirsty. Later generations derived an idiom from this story, which is called "looking at plums to quench thirst".

Cao Cao said, "If you want to attack his enemy, you must first seek it." Paying attention to strategy is an important content of Cao Cao's military thought and an important guarantee for his career success. Cao Cao's military thoughts have been praised by military strategists and scholars in past dynasties. The author of "The History of the Three Kingdoms" commented that Cao Cao "can always conquer the imperial machine and become a career in the wild, but it is the best." (Excerpted from Cao Cao's Military Thought)

Theme 6: Enterprise

Material handling: Although the tortoise has a long life, it has its moments. The snake rides the fog and eventually turns to dust. An old horse crouches, aiming at a thousand miles: the martyrs are full of courage in their twilight years. Ups and downs are not just in the sky: the blessings that nourish happiness can last forever. I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire. Although the tortoise is alive)

This poem is full of enterprising and self-improvement spirit. The war at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty brought about great destruction of productive forces, economic depression and numerous bones, which brought people a sad and decadent mood. This poem by Cao Cao is like a spring breeze, which blows away this sad mood. His optimism is commendable. "The old horse crouches, aiming at a thousand miles: the martyrs are courageous in their twilight years." Become a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages and inspire life to forge ahead. In leisure and difficult times, Cao is bold and enterprising, positive and dare to challenge his fate, which is a very noble sentiment in life. (Excerpted from On Cao Cao's Poems)

Topic 7: Heroes

Material Processing: Hero or Treacherous Man?

You recruit talents to attract wisdom. Make good use of it. You call Yu Xun, Guo Jia and Cheng Yu to the account, and Chu Xu and Zhang Liao are in front. There are competent ministers and excellent generals. "The mountain will never be too high and the water will never be too deep." Do you want your family to travel thousands of miles?

Before the chancellorship, Ying Zun drank alone and raised his sword to ask for the truth. Han Bang was a talented person. Why don't you give it all to me? You are walking in Artemisia, but you see "white bones are exposed in the wild, and there is no crying for a thousand miles", so you mourn from the heart and "miss people's intestines"; You drink rocks in the east and watch the sea, thinking that "the trip to the sun and the moon, if it comes out, the stars will be brilliant, if it comes out", you want to embrace heaven and earth with an open mind: your heart is wandering, and you immediately sigh "drinking is a song, life is geometric"; You guide the country, inspire writing and lead the way: you laugh at the literary world with pen and ink. You are so talented and romantic! On horseback, bridle the reins to help the beard, full of pride, brewing new poems?

You are superior to the world in Taoism, righteousness, governance, moderation, planning, preparation, benevolence, reason, literature and martial arts, but some people still call you a traitor. Is it because you were suspicious and killed the Lv Boshe family, or because you lost your poetry, killed Liu Fu, skipped school and killed Yang Xiu? Or work for Gao Zhen, ignoring the existence of the Han emperor? Treacherous man, the predictions made by people at that time, the judgments made by historians, and the names given to you by novelists.

Mende! Only you can understand that "success or failure is empty, waves wash away heroes", and I will comment on merits and demerits with future generations. I only care about drinking and singing to celebrate my ambition!

Topic 8: Angle

Material handling: In "Three Ones" written by Luo Guanzhong, Cao Cao's insidious psychology is daunting: in Peking Opera, the role of Cao Cao, a white-faced traitor, has long been deeply rooted in people's hearts, and ... it's always creepy to smile and hide a knife. Perhaps because he violated the traditional golden mean, he was notorious for his treachery and cunning, which led to eternal infamy.

"On romantic figures through the ages, it depends on the present", so is Cao Cao good or bad? Caused controversy.

"Zhou Yu hits Huang Gai, one is willing to fight and the other is willing to suffer." If Cao Cao was not soft-hearted and took Huang Gai in, how could he be fooled by Zhou Yu?

From this, Cao Cao has a heart of loving talents, which is recognized by the world. He not only cherishes talents, but also loves literature himself. His articles are simple but not gorgeous, exquisite but not wordy, which makes the famous "Looking at the Sea" spread to this day and become an eternal story.

Perhaps it is because he is good at employing people and knowledgeable, and he has become an outstanding strategist and writer, making Wei increasingly powerful.

If Cao Cao is good at employing people, I will say "no". He also has a human side. The death of his best friend broke the family, and his only daughter, Cai Wenji, was forced to marry the Huns because of her father's death. In order to find a daughter for his friends, Cao Cao tried his best to send envoys as far away as Xiongnu. After many negotiations and wars, he finally returned to Cai Wenji and fulfilled his friends' wishes. Why are you not moved? There are different opinions about Cao Cao at all times and in all countries. He also showed himself to everyone with his uniqueness, staying quietly in the long river of history with a silence and appreciation. But look at it from different aspects. (Excerpt from Talking about Cao Cao)

(4) Display of finished products

The power of the world, the treacherous court official in troubled times (04 Fujian volume)

On the stage of Peking Opera, the white-faced Cao Caoguan was brilliant and sang: "The world laughs at me as a traitor, and I laugh at the world." As a person with few opportunities, how can he have wealth and wealth at the same time? "The adulterer in the world, the white face in the play, and countless allusions in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms have turned Cao Caodui into the embodiment of treachery. However, even Luo Guanzhong, who was "pro-Liu and demoted Cao", had to be impressed by Cao's talent and wisdom, and also had to admit that he was a "treacherous court official who could stand the world and was in troubled times". "

Cao was born in an official family. At the age of sixteen, Ju Xiaolian was appointed as a captain of a missionary school. Set up 12-color staff officers, regardless of rank, who will be responsible if they violate the rules of entering and leaving the city. This shows his "loyalty". In the Yellow turban insurrectionary, Cao Cao, as a captain of a title of generals in ancient times, struggled to defeat the enemy, which was also a kind of "brave" performance.

Dong Zhuo is in power and corrupts discipline. Cao Cao was braver than Jing Ke in carrying a seven-star nod to assassinate him at night alone. When the assassination failed, Dong Zhuo suspected him and had to improvise, saying that he had come to offer a nod. After cheating Dong Zhuo, he flew out of Beijing on a starry night. Doesn't all this show that he is brave and resourceful?

I believe that if Cao is in charge of the world, he will be a rare minister. But the troubled times at that time doomed him to bear the stigma of "Han thief" to clean up the broken Han family. The Han dynasty was exhausted, and consorts and eunuchs fought for power and profit, which made it decline. At this time, a strong man must come out to support. Sun Quan can't do it. He took over eighty-one states in six counties of Jiangdong and survived for four generations. Neither can Liu Bei. He took the mask of "benevolence", Zhuge and Zhang Zhaoyun, and occupied the rich land of Jingzhou and Sichuan, but he was still "born but not like a saint". Liu Chan prized eunuchs and couldn't get rid of the shackles of the previous power. Facts have proved that only the Wei State established by Cao Cao has the ability to unify the world.

The stigma of "Han thief" and "chaotic minister" is only used to trap ignorant people who are loyal to the previous dynasty. Who says Cao Cao is not a hero? "Break the yellow turban insurrectionary, destroy Yuan Shao, draw Yuan Shu, punish Lu Bu: defeat Zhang Lu and accept Liu Biao. All this shows Cao Cao's outstanding military talent and superb political skills. "Drinking near the river, crossing the river to write poems", and singing "The mountain is not high, the water is not deep". The Duke of Zhou ate and the world turned to his heart, which showed his broad mind and romantic feelings.

From the perspective of all-round development today, who is like Cao Cao who combines military, political, courage, strategy and talent? Zhuge Liang is inferior to him. He had no ruthless means, so he had the bad plan of eunuch Huang Ai: he didn't have heroic poems, so he wanted to express his ambition by reciting his predecessor's poems: there was no severe punishment system, and Li Yan delayed the distribution of rations, which blocked the journey of cutting Wei.

Cao Cao is a strong man with the ability to surprise, the courage to take the lead and the wisdom to restrain the strong and help the weak.

His birth is both a personal experience and a historical choice.

It is a great pity that Cao Gong was born and could not make friends with him.