Remembering the word "forbidden" can avoid disasters thousands of miles away. We can use "prohibition" to prevent "disaster". Only our own suffering can we understand the suffering of others. If you don't wash ice water in winter, you don't cherish ice; You don't keep warm in summer, and it's not that you can't bear the fire. But because it is not suitable for the body. Wise lords don't build gorgeous palaces, not because he likes simple houses; He doesn't listen to the bells and drums, nor is it because he hates music. But because it will harm agricultural production and hinder the implementation of education. Therefore, the monarch first strictly demands himself, and then demands others; Officials can take care of the inside first and then the outside; Only in this way can the people concentrate on agricultural production and give up improper industry and commerce. We should let people live where they like, let them do jobs that are beneficial to them, reward those they agree with, punish those they don't like, ensure that people are not deprived of their surplus wealth, and promise that people will not be punished. Exempting people from punishment is the result of insisting on a legally prescribed punishment for a crime; People are punished because they don't insist that the guilty must be punished. From punishment to no punishment, the law can be simplified and the people can survive; From no punishment to punishment, the law will be cumbersome and the number of wicked people will increase. This is the first easy thing, then the difficult thing, then the difficult thing, everything is the same. A wise monarch understands this truth, so those who should be punished will never be pardoned, and those who should be rewarded will never be delayed. This is not because the monarch likes to reward and kill, but because he wants to promote the interests of the people. Nothing is more valuable than this, helping the old and bringing the young and saving all people. Only by not abolishing the law can we govern the country well. Law, the instrument of the world, is used to solve problems and decide right and wrong, which is closely related to people's lives. Therefore, Mingjun was very cautious about the law and never changed the law for the sake of relatives and friends. Therefore, his officials did not dare to use the authority of the chief to undermine the law, and the people did not dare to use jewelry bribes to violate the law. In this way, the monarch values the law more than his relatives, the officials value orders more than respecting teachers, and the people value accepting politics and religion more sacred than offering sacrifices to their ancestors. In this way, although the law is established, it does not actually need to be used; Although the penalty is established, it does not actually need to be executed. If the reward system is unfair, no matter how high the official position is, few people are willing to do it; The scale of forgiveness is inconsistent, and no matter how big the goodwill is, many people will disagree; Doing things out of season, even if the strength is exhausted, the effect will not be good; The sentence is out of line. Even if there are more murders, riots can't be stopped. According to public law, the punishment is heavy, and the following people have no grievances; Soldiers will not be encouraged if they act according to their own wishes and get more rewards. If the laws and regulations are not implemented reasonably, the people will not obey; If measures are not taken properly, the people will not succeed. If you don't study statutes and improve them, you should be called a fool. Therefore, the actions of a wise monarch can save the palace and enrich the country's reserves, so the country will be rich and strong and respected; If we can tighten our belts and abandon good things to strengthen agricultural production, we will have enough money and consolidate our position; If we can get rid of useless activities and expenses and carry out diplomatic activities in tribute currency, there will be more allies and closer relations. As for the general monarch, most of them are obsessed with material enjoyment and worry about it, so they are in hot water and the country is not fully utilized. The big ones can ruin the country, and the small ones can also harm themselves. It is human nature to be happy when you meet the requirements, and sad when you encounter something you don't like. People of all walks of life are like this. We should pursue the near and forget the far, so should human feelings. However, everyone's likes and dislikes are different, and the safety of the outcome is also different. This is the difference between a moral person and an immoral person. There are many products, but people's requirements can't keep up; There are successes and failures, but people's wishes cannot be consistent with them; There are moves forward and backward, but human strength can't adapt. Therefore, people's behavior should be moderate, and life enjoyment should be moderate; Palace is enough to avoid dryness and dampness, diet is enough to replenish qi and blood, clothing is enough to keep out cold and heat, etiquette is enough to be noble and humble, amusement is enough to make people happy, coffins are enough to bury bones, burial clothes are enough to wrap themselves, and graves are enough to mark. Don't engage in meaningless work and do useless things, so that you will be calm and your thoughts and feelings will not be confused. If you are not confused about your thoughts and feelings, you will be smart and have no worries about food and clothing; Eyes and ears are smart and well-fed. They don't compare with each other, they don't hate each other, and they can blind date from top to bottom without using force. Therefore, self-restraint, observance of etiquette and law, coupled with caution, will not lead to disaster even if they are not rewarded. Being arrogant and extravagant, deviating from statutes and common sense, happiness will not come even if there is no harm. Therefore, on the one hand, a gentleman should learn from those who violate common sense and be alert to himself; On the other hand, we should learn from people who don't work hard enough and reflect on ourselves. Therefore, honor will not appear out of thin air, troubles will not happen for no reason, happiness will not choose others, and disasters will not automatically come to you. That's what it means. You can use your own personal experience to explore and reflect, and things will be clear. All the roots of chaos control start from above. Therefore, people who are good at governing the country should use "harm" to restrain people and "benefit" to guide people. People who can grasp people's interests will increase their wealth and reduce their mistakes. This is human nature. There is nothing we don't pursue when we see interests, and nothing we don't want to avoid when we see injuries. Businessmen do business, driving for two days a day, day and night, taking Wan Li Road without thinking, because the benefits are ahead. Fishermen went into the sea, and the sea in Wan Ren was deep. They ventured upstream and sailed for hundreds of miles, never returning day and night, because the interests were in the water. So, where is the advantage? Even if the mountain is several thousand meters high, people will climb it. Even under the abyss, people are willing to go in. Therefore, people who are good at governing the country and grasping the source of benefits will naturally envy and be willing to accept it; They will move forward without pushing; They will follow without guidance; Not disturbing the people, but the people are rich. Just like a bird incubating an egg. If you can't see its shape or hear its voice, the bird will break out of its nest. The essence of governing the country is to master the weather and win the hearts of the people. Laws are like the outline of the net, officials are like the net and the net, residents' military organizations are like an army array, and rewards and punishments are like a golden drum. Agricultural tools should be improved into weapons and farming should be used as offensive warfare. Hoes are like halberds, cloaks like armour, and hats like shields. So a complete farm tool is like a complete weapon, and the farm is familiar with attack and war. In the spring of March, it is necessary to ignite the kitchen fire to smoke and bake the room, replace the drill wood to get the fire, and wash the well to get water, so as to eliminate the toxic gas. The Spring Festival is held, praying for no illness, offering fish and rice wine, and giving banquets to each other in order to keep close relatives. Don't kill animals, peel eggs, cut down trees, pick flowers, and damage the buds of bamboo shoots to maintain the growth of everything. Help widows, relieve loneliness, lend seeds to seedless farmers, and help families unable to pay taxes to persuade the poor to help the weak. Promulgate various decrees, pardon people who have committed minor crimes, release detainees and mediate disputes, so as to finish farming in time and devote themselves to food production. In summer, we reward all kinds of virtuous behaviors, increase salaries, promote official positions, respect those who have outstanding filial piety, and exempt hard workers from corvee to encourage people to work hard. In autumn, people who commit the most heinous crimes are punished in various ways to stop prostitution and thieves. Do a good job in purchasing and storing grain and various products in winter in order to collect farmers' taxes. If all the seasons are well arranged, people's labor can be a hundred times more efficient. In this way, spring is kind, summer is honest, autumn is severe, winter is closed, land is well managed and conforms to people. Then, good weather, bumper crops, lush vegetation, prosperous livestock, strong country and rich people, and smooth laws and regulations. There is no politics that disturbs the people in China, and there is no evil from outside. Only by taking proper measures can the country coordinate, become rich if the country does not miss the farming season, and be cured if the country does not break the law. Therefore, no country is rich for no reason, and no one is well governed for no reason. From ancient times to the present, no country has prospered without governance, and no country has perished without turmoil. Therefore, there are many people in the country who dare to fight privately, and their strength is weakened; There are many officials who show personal wisdom, and the statutes are chaotic; There are many people who abuse power for personal gain, and the country is poor. Therefore, shide must be generous and make people serve with death; Rewards and punishments must be faithful and firm, so that the people firmly believe. The monarch who is good at ruling the people is not managed by the inner and outer cities, but by the residents' organizations of the teams. There is no one who is not in this class, no one who does not live in this class, and no one who is not in this class. In this way, the fugitives have nowhere to hide, and the floating population has nowhere to live. If they are not forced, they will be bound and come without calling. In this way, the people have no intention of fleeing, and officials have no worries about preparedness. In this way, the monarch's decrees can be implemented among the people, and the people's hearts can also be linked with the monarch. Managing people by law should be the same as understanding the characteristics of clay in pottery making and metals in metallurgy. As long as the interests are determined, the direction of the people's progress is as clear as that of fire to avoid tides and water to avoid heights. People only live on food and clothes; Food depends only on water and soil. Therefore, it is essential to make the people rich, and there are standards to meet the people's food. This standard is that a person can live for one year with 30 acres of land. According to the average calculation of good years and bad years, every acre produces one stone, and each person has thirty stones. Fruits and vegetables are equivalent to ten-stone grain, and bran is equivalent to the grain produced by ten-stone livestock, so each person is * * * fifty stones, and the miscellaneous income from sideline businesses such as cloth and silk has not been counted. In this way, the country has savings and the people have surplus grain. Just as hooks and hooks are used to calculate the number 6, weights and scales are used to measure weight, and household registration books and field books are used to understand the difference between rich and poor. Therefore, people who are good at governing the country must have foresight and then know the situation. With enough land, people's lives can be rich. Those who win the world, those who win the world with people's hearts, become emperors' businesses, those who win the world with their careers, and those who win the world with war, become overlords. As for the means of plotting to attack the enemy, there are five or seven. First find out the favorite minister of the enemy monarch and try to reduce his power. If he has second thoughts, his affinity for the monarch will inevitably decline. If the minister does not serve the monarch, his country will be in danger. Second, find out the ministers who are secretly hated by the enemy monarch and try to strengthen bribery, so as to gain a deeper understanding of the enemy. If a person lives at home and understands foreign countries, he can grasp the reality of his own country. Third, if you understand the lewdness of the enemy monarch, you will try your best to stifle his will. Give him the beauty of the band and trick him into it; Give him flattering courtiers and beautiful horses, and cheat him outside. Internal and external deception will lead to the failure of the country. Fourth, try to show intimacy with the enemy, as close as brothers. Secretly send wise men to help him plot other countries, and send brave men to him to make him proud. He also sent people to other countries to incite other countries to break the contract, break off diplomatic relations and turn against each other, and war would surely break out. If these two countries are enemies, they will be able to take advantage of their failure. Fifth, we should deeply understand the plan of the enemy monarch, respect his loyal subjects, provoke his subordinates to distrust each other and alienate their relations with Germany. If you can't be together, you have to kill each other. When a loyal minister dies, he can seize power. These five methods are used to attack the enemy.

To annotate ...

(1) the original "old and weak". According to Zhu Ben, "weak" should be "young", and so is the translation.

(2) The original text "Improper punishment and reward, although there are many cuts, must be violent." According to the above example, the word "reward" is derived, and the word "broken" should be on the table. According to Zhang Peilun, the school changed the sentence to "improper punishment, although there is a tendency to violence." Translation is corresponding.

(3) the original "today is a fool". According to the meaning, "today" should be "fate" and translated as "fate".

(4) The original text was smashed into armor. According to Wang Shaolan, "Qi" should be "Yan". Hey: A shirt inside the nail. "Armor" means the same as armor.

⑤ The original text "Well is good for water". Ding believes that "absolute" should be "expression" and translation should follow "expression".

6. The original text "How much the narrator decides". According to Zhu Ben, "Syria" is regarded as "Qi"; According to Ding, "Jun" is a "hook", which translates from "hook". Hook and hook are ancient measuring tools.

All landowners original "merit five". According to the meaning of the text, "you" is an extension of the meaning of the text, and there is a "way to make contributions" at the end of the text as evidence. Seek merit, pronounced as seeking attack. The text in this section is all kinds of political skills of plotting to attack the enemy country, which lacks contact with the above. Doubt is another mistake, and I have strayed into this article.

8 The original text is "Tongjing". According to the context, "Dian" should be "He", which is translated as "He".

Pet-name ruby original "what it made". According to Tao Hongqing, "slapping" means "opening your eyes" and "opening your eyes": deviation and provocation. Translate from it.

Attending the original text is "can't make without gas". According to Wang Niansun, when "meaning can't be combined", translation should follow.