Anton pavlovic Qi (qi) Ku (h) Fu (1860 65438+1October 29th-1July 904 15) is a world-class master of Russian short stories. His plays had a great influence on the 20th century drama. He adhered to the tradition of realism, paid attention to describing the daily life of the Russian people, shaped little people with typical personalities, and truly reflected the situation of Russian society at that time. The three characteristics of the work are the ridicule of ugly phenomena and deep sympathy for the poor. The work mercilessly exposes the unreasonable social system and social ugly phenomena under the czar's rule. He was regarded as an outstanding representative of Russian realistic literature at the end of 19.

With the development of literature, world literary critics like to describe those excellent short story writers as Chekhov in some aspects, so that some excellent writers are often labeled as Chekhov. For example, American short story writer John Cheever is recognized as Chekhov in American suburbs, Irish short story writer william trevor is known as Chekhov in Ireland, American writers Carver and Yates. Why is this happening? The main reason is that Chekhov's novels have the spirit of independent thinking and the brushwork of facing reality. Chekhov's life is mainly short stories, and his novels never fall into the "three pseudo-literature" (fool's lying literature, compromise literature and imperial literature are collectively called "three pseudo-literature"), and the boundaries between them are very clear, which is the expression of pure literature itself. Before his death, he was proud that there were no shortage of three fake literature in his novels. His creative attitude is rigorous, and he attaches importance to literary sketch. Everything in his works is lifelike, and his portrayal psychology is often incisive. He is one of the peaks of short stories in the world and has become synonymous with short stories.

Chekhov created a lyrical psychological novel with unique style and concise and delicate art. He intercepted ordinary fragments of daily life, described and portrayed life and characters with exquisite artistic details, and showed important social contents from it. This kind of novel is lyrical, expressing his dissatisfaction with ugly reality and longing for a better future, and integrating praise and criticism, joy and pain into the image system of his works. He believes that "the sister of genius is concise" and "the ability to write is the ability to delete poor writing". He advocated "objective" narrative, saying that "the more objective, the deeper the impression". He trusts readers' imagination and understanding ability, and advocates readers to ponder the meaning of works from the image system. His short story "Fanka" was selected as the primary Chinese textbook of China People's Education Publishing House.

Mo Bosang, whose full name is guy de maupassant (1August 5th, 850-1July 6th, 893), was an outstanding French critical realist writer in the second half of the 9th century.

Mo Bosang 1850 was born in a declining aristocratic family in Upper Normandy seine-maritime. He wrote nearly 300 short stories in his life, which is the most numerous and most accomplished writer in the history of French literature. The great creation of more than 300 short stories is always unique in19th century literature. Boule de suif, written on 1880, is a sign that Mo Bosang has reached full maturity after a long-term writing exercise. Immediately after this period, a large number of short stories and stories poured out like fountains, and a considerable number of wonderful works appeared almost every year, especially in the first 30 years. 18865438+ From 65438 to 0885, the number of representative works in Mo Bosang's short stories decreased, but there were still many excellent works, such as The Sisters of Rondo and The Wanderer. Mo Bosang suffered from neuralgia and severe migraine in his early years, and his intense labor intensity and dissolute life without discrimination gradually made him terminally ill. Until 189 1, he couldn't write any more. After suffering from cruel diseases, he died on July 6, 1993 at the age of 43. He wrote six novels, 359 short stories and three travel notes in his life.