The scientific classification of collectibles is very important for the development of collectibles. Generally speaking, there are many classifications:
1. Cultural relics: including historical relics, physical objects of ancient buildings, sculptures, inscriptions, utensils, folk works of art, stationery, entertainment supplies, theatrical props, arts and crafts, revolutionary cultural relics, etc.
Among them, utensils include gold and silver wares, tin and lead wares, lacquerware, utensils, furniture, fabrics, carpets, clocks, hookahs, fans and so on.
Crafts include utensils, enamel, purple sand, wood carving, rattan and bamboo.
2. Calligraphy and painting: including calligraphy, rubbings, traditional Chinese painting, oil painting, watercolor painting, gouache painting, lacquer painting and comics.
3. Ceramics: including pottery, porcelain, purple sand pottery, etc.
4. Jade articles: including jade ritual vessels, jade seals, jade vessels and jade furnishings.
5. Jewelry, famous stones and ornamental stones: including carved jade jewelry, as well as various inkstones, Yin Shi, strange stones and ornamental stones that are naturally formed without artificial carving.
6. Coins: including ancient coins of past dynasties, currencies of modern countries in the world, and RMB that stopped circulating.
7. Stamp category: including stamps from all over the world and related philatelic products issued by China Post Company.
8. Literature: including books, newspapers, archives, photos, film and drama manuals, posters and other written materials.
9. Tickets: including tax tickets, lottery tickets, tickets, commodity tickets, transportation tickets, monthly tickets, ancient food stamps, etc.
10, model class: including trains, cars, planes, spaceships, warships, tanks, etc. , and exquisite models made according to the physical scale.
1 1. Badges: including commemorative badges, medals, badges, other badges and commemorative badges.
12. Trademarks: including sparks, cigarette labels, wine labels and candy paper.
13. Specimens: including animal specimens, plant specimens and mineral specimens.
14, other categories
The collections sought after by Tibetan friends in the auction market mainly include calligraphy and painting collections, ceramic collections, jade articles, jewelry collections, famous stone watches, etc. Tibetan friends also commonly call them large collections. Other collections are usually called miscellaneous by Tibetan friends.
The collection is divided into four categories: natural history, art history, humanities history and popular science history.
Natural history includes insect specimens, marine life and specimens, rain flower stones, strange stones and wing paintings, that is, all kinds of objects in nature are the main ones;
Art history includes cigarette labels, smoking utensils, sparks, micro-sculptures, tea sets, porcelain sculptures, arts and crafts, calligraphy and painting, etc.
Humanities and history: mainly books, newspapers, materials, folk customs and other items;
The history of popular science includes computing tools, clocks, keys, wine containers and so on.
This classification has some merits because of its inclusiveness, but it is limited to private collections rather than collections.
Second, the market classification of common collectibles in China
1, stall trading market
The stall trading market is a spontaneous or organized collection market, which is mostly traded on fixed dates, such as weekends, but it is usually relatively deserted. Most vendors are very mobile in the market, and it is often difficult to establish long-term trading relationships with collectors, and they often buy and sell with one hammer. In addition, due to the great mobility, there are many counterfeits in this market, mainly imitations, covering bronzes, jades, ceramics, calligraphy and painting, ivory carvings, coins, Four Treasures of the Study and so on.
2. Store trading market
In the store trading market, collectible stores belong to fixed business premises, and the number of counterfeit goods is relatively small compared with the stall trading market. Generally speaking, the owner of a collection store often likes and delves into one or several kinds of collections, and is not necessarily familiar with other kinds of collections. Therefore, there is a certain chance for collectors to buy collections that are unfamiliar to their owners. But in this market, buyers and sellers are often prone to bargaining deadlock, which depends on personal communication skills.
3. Mail order trading market
Mail-order trading market belongs to store-free sales. Buyers and sellers don't meet directly. Information is transmitted through the media, and goods are transmitted through the postal network. Generally, advertisements are published in newspapers and magazines of collectibles or mail-order catalogues of collectibles are distributed to convey information to collectors. Because it is impossible to identify the spot, this mail order transaction is prone to fraud and other risks, which must be highly valued by collectors.
4. Auction market
This is a familiar market. Article 3 of the Auction Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulates that auction refers to the way of buying and selling specific commodities or property rights from the highest bidder in the form of public bidding. This form is conducive to fully mobilizing the buyer's enthusiasm for shopping, and can better adapt to the market form dominated by the buyer's market in the world today.
China Auction House Since 2004, the total turnover of Beijing auction house has surpassed that of Hong Kong, and Beijing has increasingly become the auction center of China artworks with the largest turnover, especially ceramics, jade, China paintings and calligraphy, stamps and rare books of ancient books.
5. Online trading market
With the development of science and technology, with the help of computer network technology and fund settlement technology, online display and trading of collectibles can be realized. In this kind of market, buyers can't see the real objects of the collection, but only see the relevant information of the collection. With this transaction method, collectors are not limited by time and space, and the display of collections is not limited by space, so the information can be more detailed and a lot of transaction costs can be saved.
Many internet companies and auction companies in China have been trying to expand the online trading market of collectibles. Although this market has convenience advantages, it also has great fraud risks. It can be predicted that with the technological innovation and system improvement of trading mode, the development prospect of this trading market is very considerable.
The Characteristics and Background of the Ancient Silk Road
The Silk Road refers to the land passage opened by Zhang Qian in