Liu Yong was the first writer who devoted himself to the creation of Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty. His ci can be divided into two categories: vulgar ci and elegant ci. The vulgarity of vulgar words is mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) On the subject matter, a large number of street songs are described in depth, especially the life of prostitutes; (2) Linguistically, the extremely popular folk spoken language is widely used; (3) Expressive techniques, using narrative techniques to express lyricism, not seeking implication. At the same time, Liu Yong's elegant ci has also made great achievements. The elegance of elegant words is mainly reflected in the deep affection generated by the fusion of scenery and emotion in his works expressing self-embrace. In fact, there are many factors that led to Liu Yong's artistic style of appealing to both refined and popular tastes, which also had a far-reaching impact on later poets. Li Qingzhao, a famous poet in the Song Dynasty and regarded as a "one-pronoun Sect" of graceful and restrained school, commented on Liu Yong in On Ci: "To get this dynasty, you must have rites and music. After practicing for more than a hundred years, Liu Tuntian became a hero, changed his old voice into a new one, and published the Collection of Movements, which was huge and claimed to be the best in the world. Although harmonious, the word dust. " Li Qingzhao affirmed Liu Yong's achievements in innovating the form of slow words, recorded the historical facts that Liu Yong was famous in Beijing and the world, praised the advantages of harmonious rhythm and rhythm of Liu Yong's words, and pointed out that Liu Yong's words were "under the dust of words", that is, the shortcomings of vulgar language creation. So, from our perspective today, is it fair for Li Qingzhao to say that Chen's ci belongs to stereotyped writing? In the following interview, Liu Yong's two representative works, Tide at the Sea and Yulinling, are taken as examples for analysis. Looking at the tide of the sea is a gift. The author, passing through Hangzhou, wanted to meet Sun He, who was transferred from Zhejiang to Jiangxi at that time, so he wrote this poem as a tribute. Judging from the writing intention, ci works have the intention of making progress; Judging from the lyrics, there is a clear tendency to flatter. These can't help but say "vulgar". However, from the perspective of image-building, artistic conception and language use, this word is fresh and elegant, which is pleasing to the eye. The interpretation of this word can start with the word "kua". Shangcheng praised prosperity first-"the southeast won, the three cities of Wu, and Qiantang was prosperous since ancient times." Although the language is close to description, the list is very well organized. From "Southeast" to "Three Wu", Qiantang was finally named, and its scope was narrowed layer by layer, with a very clear meaning. From the perspective of time and space, it highlights the beautiful scenery, important position and prosperous characteristics of Hangzhou since ancient times, which leads to the following. Praise the city scenery again-"willow painting bridge, wind curtain and green curtain, uneven 100 thousand people." Willow is smoky, lush and misty; The bridge is like a rainbow, exquisite and picturesque; Curtains are as gorgeous and beautiful as kingfisher feathers, swaying in the wind, rising and falling, moving around; Scattered houses are densely populated and popular. The pictures selected by the author are mainly static scenes, paying attention to color blending and being harmonious and stable. Praise the magnificent scenery again-"clouds and trees surround the embankment, the waves roll with frost and snow, and the natural moat is endless." Towering trees surround the embankment; The tidal waves in Qiantang Bay are surging and cascading, making earth-shattering sounds and rolling up huge waves; The river and the sea are connected and boundless. This sentence is written with the most momentum, which can be compared with the representative words of the uninhibited school such as "flying stones flying through the air, hitting the shore and rolling up thousands of piles of snow", and it is more original in language creation. The textbook interprets "cloud tree" as "dense forest like a cloud", which means beauty is beauty, but its momentum is insufficient and its basis is insufficient. Finally, I praised the rich life-"Pearl in the city, Luo Qi in every household, competing for beauty". Colorful jewels are displayed in the shops, and the citizens are all dressed in silks and satins, glamorous and eager to pursue a luxurious life. This sentence is obviously exaggerated, but it also reflects the all-round prosperity in the heyday of the Song Dynasty. Uptown takes the city as the center and is mainly "prosperous"; Xiagan focuses on the West Lake, focusing on folk customs and music. Praise the scenery of the West Lake as the first-"Heavy lakes overlap, Sanqiu Guizi, Shili Lotus" The West Lake is divided by Bai Causeway, but it is connected by graceful curves, connected inside and outside, and surrounded by overlapping mountains. In late autumn, cassia seed falls to the ground, but it is a rare thing. In midsummer, lotus flowers are in full bloom, which is particularly charming! In order to achieve the effect of rhyme, the words "Sanqiu devil" and "Shili Lotus" are reversed, so we should pay attention to them when understanding them. The image choice here is the most typical, which fully shows the beautiful scenery and rich products of Hangzhou. It is said that when Yan Hongliang, the then financier, read this, he was envious of Hangzhou. Praise folk music again-"Qiang Guanqing, Song Ling all night, lotus dolls playing." On a sunny day, the shepherd boy's Qiang flute is melodious; How sweet and mellow the voice of the diamond-picking woman is on the moonlit night! The old man fishing and the girl picking lotus are so comfortable and happy. The "agriculture", "pan" and "fun" here are the most vivid! Praise the elegance of the first mate again-"a thousand riders hold their heads high, listen to flutes and drums drunk, and enjoy the haze." The Chief Executive travels with many followers. How elegant it is to hold banquets, watch songs and dances and write poems! Here, metonymy rhetoric is adopted in Gao Yanei and Yan Xia, which not only enhances the image, but also enhances the beauty of music. Finally, I ended with "I will go back to Fengchi to brag" and praised General He's achievements and bright future. In a word, the word "kua" summarizes the whole text, praising Hangzhou for its excellent scenery, prosperous city appearance, people's recreation and good local officials. Although the meaning is vulgar, the language is beautiful, the language is fluent, the image is beautiful, the artistic conception is broad, and the color is bright and beautiful. It can be described as vulgar and elegant. In the eyes of Taoists, the theme of "Rain Bell" expressing love for geisha is naturally vulgar. But from today's perspective, Liu Yong takes lyrics as his profession and fights at the forefront of pop music. During his long career, he has forged sincere and deep feelings with singers at the bottom of society. This sense of equality and civilian feelings is commendable. This word is related to the whole article with the word "injury", which shows the inseparable, painful and sad feelings of a good companion prostitute when she leaves. It is touching and sincere. The first part writes the parting scene, and the second part writes the loneliness after parting, the combination of reality and reality, the blending of scenes, the creative addition of narrative elements, and the portrayal of characters through detailed description, so it has a strong artistic appeal. Especially "Where did you wake up tonight? Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon is a representative sentence of graceful and restrained school. By using the methods of asking questions and listing tapestries, the loneliness, loneliness and sadness after parting are effectively dyed, which makes people feel sad. "To sum up, although Liu Yong's poems are gaudy, the above two poems also have vulgar elements, but they are also vulgar and elegant. Vulgarity reflects the hard side of Liu Yong's life, so he has to compromise with reality: elegance can better reflect Liu Yong's free personality and outstanding talent. Liu Yong's vulgarity is inevitable; And Liu Yong's elegance is out of reach!