First, the different meanings of ancient and modern
1, intrigue
Ancient times: refers to the palace with uneven structure and exquisite workmanship; Today: it is a metaphor for doing one's best and fighting in the open.
2. Stars
Ancient times: bright starlight; Today: refers to people who have made achievements and become famous in the industry.
Step 3 operate
Ancient: refers to jade jewelry and other things; Today: refers to planning, management or organization (enterprise, activity).
4. Elite
Ancient: refers to jade jewelry and other things; Today: refers to outstanding talents.
Step 5 be sympathetic
Gu: Unfortunately; Today: pity, sympathy.
Step 6 isolate
Ancient meaning: block, cover the present meaning: don't get together and avoid contact.
7. Go straight
Ancient meaning: towards modernity meaning: walking
8. Climate
Ancient meaning: the meaning of emotional atmosphere in the text. Modern significance: refers to the meteorological profile of a region.
Second, the classification of common notional words.
1, 1: ① Six Kings finished, the four seas were unified (unified) ② Chu people were razed to the ground and poor (numeral)
(3) The yellow crane never revisited the earth (once) .04 Eating Egyptian soil and drinking yellow, he was single-minded (single-minded).
○5 Combination and association, agreement and unity (integration)
2. Love: ① Qin loves luxury and people are homesick (love); ② Let Qin fall in love with the people of the six countries again (love).
(3) Don't love treasures, treasures and fertile land (stingy)
3. Why not take ① as much as possible? Use it as sediment (capture) ② It is green, take it from blue, and green is bluer than blue (extract).
4. Family: ① Qin is the family of Qin, not the family of the world (genocide). (2) the home of the scholar-bureaucrat, for the teacher as a disciple (class).
Five, man
The back of the corridor (noun, plain silk, noun as adverbial here)
Stand with great foresight (adjective, "person", long)
6. do
A muscle, a capacity, beautiful (adverb, reaching the top)
What can we do? (verb, take it all away)
Step 7 make
Make people all over the world afraid to speak and get angry (verb, let)
People who made Qin love the Six Kingdoms again (conjunction, if)
8. for
Singing at night, for Qin Gongren (verb, become)
Then the third generation can be king forever.
Third, function words in classical Chinese.
1.
(1) Adjective suffix is equivalent to "ran". What's the matter? What's the matter?
(2) modal particles at the end of the sentence. It looks far-sighted, but it looks lucky.
2. and
(1) conjunction, indicating to undertake. Li Mountain was built in the north and folded in the west/far-sighted, while watching/making friends with three generations happily and mourning for the monarch/Qin people, and later generations mourned it.
(2) Conjunction indicates turning point. In one day, the climate between one palace and another is uneven/so that everyone in the world dares not speak and dares to be angry/later generations mourn it and don't learn it.
3. it
(1) pronoun. I don't know where (referring to the palace car)/from generation to generation, year after year, I searched for the people's fat and paste, and it piled up like a mountain (on behalf of the six countries)/once I couldn't get it, I lost it (on behalf of the Qin Dynasty)
(2) the pronoun, own', is used as an attribute. Make the six countries love each other.
4. at
(1) preposition, Tao. I resigned from the downstairs hall and came to Qin.
(2) Preposition, table comparison. There are more pillars in the negative building than farmers in Nanmu.
5. Wisdom
(1) verb, go, go. I don't know what I was doing when I was listening in the distance.
(2) auxiliary words, yes. A person's heart is the heart of thousands of people in Qian Qian.
(3) pronouns. what can I do? /Qin people can't help but feel sorry for themselves, and later people mourn for it (on behalf of Qin people)
Fourth, the flexible use of parts of speech
(a) nouns used as verbs
1, come to Qin (by chariot) 2, sing (play music) at night.
3, jade (with Ding as; Take jade as) 4. Gold nuggets and pebbles (with gold as the example; Think of beads as)
5, Chu people a torch (torch) 6, also (genocide, murder)
(b) Nouns are used as adverbials
1, northwest of Mount Li (north; To the west)
Mount Li is built in the north and folded in the west. Straight into Xianyang (north, west)/Langyao, the eaves are high (such as ribbons)/honeycomb water vortex, and I don't know that tens of millions fall (such as honeycomb, such as water vortex)/leave the downstairs hall to come to Qin (take a ride)/dingdong.
Numerals are used as verbs: six kings finish, and the four seas are one (one)
Nouns as verbs. After returning to heaven, I don't care about Eric (rainbow appears)/Long Bridge lying on the waves, I don't care about He Long (dragon appears)/singing string songs at night, I am Qin Gong (singing and playing the piano)/Chu people's torch, poor scorched earth (turned into scorched earth)/tinkling jade, as well as gold nuggets and pebbles (such as clang, stones, stones and pebbles).
(4) Verbs as nouns. Zhao Yan's collection, Han Wei's management (referring to jade jewelry)
(5) Verb conation usage. Later generations mourn it but don't follow it (take ... as a lesson)
Five, classical Chinese sentence patterns
True or false:
1, six countries destroyed, not Qin.
2, Qin family is also Qin, not the world.
A person's heart is the heart of thousands of people in Qian Qian.
interrogative sentence
(1) Long Bridge lies on the waves, He Long has no clouds (interrogative pronoun "he" indicates doubt)
(2) What can be done to save money? It is like sand (the pronoun "helplessness" expresses doubt)
(3) Who wins and who loses (the interrogative pronouns "Who" and "Ye" express doubts)
elliptical sentence
(1) five steps (same) on the first floor, ten steps (same) on a pavilion (provincial predicate "same")
② The long bridge lies in the waves, but there is no cloud (omitting the preposition "in").
(3) For generations, people have been plundered (in) (keep the preposition "in")
(4) Whoever wins and the family dies (Qin State) also (save the object "Qin State")
inverted sentence
(1) There are more farmers in the negative building than in Nanmu.
(2) Qin people can't bear to feel sorry for themselves (self-pity, prepositional object)
Passive sentence:
Shout, shout, Hanguguan.