You will have unexpected gains.
Question 2: How to identify red corundum or ruby with naked eyes? Ruby crystal is very bright in the sunlight.
Question 3: How to distinguish rubies? There are more than a dozen kinds of common jade!
Common jadeites are jadeite (gemmological name is jadeite)/nephrite (commercial name is Xinjiang Jade or Hetian Jade)/serpentine jade (such as Xiuyu and lantian jade). )/dushan jade (zoisite plagioclase)/quartzite jade (such as Dongling stone/wood kerbstone/Hibiscus stone/Beijing white jade, etc.). )/amorphous siliceous jade (opal)/aphanitic quartzite jade (such as agate/chalcedony, etc. )/kyanite (such as lapis lazuli and sodalite)/opal/turquoise.
Moreover, each identification method is completely different and cannot be generalized.
Common identification methods:
Treasures: Precious stones (diamonds, sapphires, rubies, emeralds) and semi-precious stones (crystals, agates, turquoise, lapis lazuli, olivine, opal, .................................................................).
Jade: Hetian jade, emerald, jasper, Nanyang jade, xiuyan jade ...)
Stone: Tianhuang, bloodstone, Gansu Jiuquan jade (luminous cup), white marble (building material) ...
In addition, there are organic gems, teeth, horns, bones, wood, bamboo, leather, silk, gold, silver, copper and so on.
The theoretical basis of naked eye identification method is that different gems have different characteristics in appearance and physical properties.
The visual identification method of gems is as follows:
1) Look at the color
The first thing to pay attention to is to observe the color of the gem. No matter what kind of gem it is, with the different color and tone of the gem, the scope of identification is somewhat narrowed. The special olive green of olivine makes us feel at home. A few gems are bright emeralds, such as emeralds, garnets and some dyed gems. Black gems are only Wugang stone, coal crystal, tourmaline, diopside and biotite. Purple gemstones include amethyst, purple sapphire, spinel and cubic zirconia. When distinguishing jadeite, Malaysian jade and chrysotile, if carefully observed, we can find that jadeite is unevenly distributed in green, its fracture is dim and serrated, Malaysian jade is filiform in color, its fracture is glassy and sandy, and chrysotile is ivory and evenly distributed. Dyed jadeite is unnatural in color and concentrated in cracks, while true jadeite is natural in color and distribution. The naked eye identification of ruby and spinel shows that ruby is somewhat multicolored, and sometimes hexagonal ribbons can be seen when placed in water, while red spinel is absolutely uniform in color.
2) Look at transparency
Transparency can be used to understand the quality of gems. Generally speaking, the transparency of the same gem is more precious. Transparency can also be used to distinguish gems with similar colors but different kinds. For example, spinel and cinnabar root are similar in color, but spinel is transparent, and some cinnabar roots are opaque or translucent. So are topaz and sapphire. Topaz is a transparent crystal, and sapphire is divided into transparent, translucent and opaque.
3) Look at the gloss
The luster of gemstones is an important basis for naked eye identification, and a satisfactory refractive range can be roughly judged. Gloss is determined by refractive index and smoothness of polished surface. Waxy and shiny jade has poor polishing surface, and silky luster indicates that there are many needle-like inclusions in the gem. Amber may have a resin luster, and the curved surface is rich in color, translucent and cloud-like. The sky blue and milky luster is the ice Lunatone. Sodium moonstone with pearl luster and elongated moonstone with yellow-brown and blue luster. It is the sunshine stone that glows golden in the sun. Diamonds have a typical diamond luster.
4) Hardness test
Some gems with similar appearance can be distinguished by testing their hardness. Such as diamond, zircon, crystal, etc. Although the appearance is similar, the hardness is different. Diamonds can scratch zircon and crystals, but crystals can't scratch zircon.
Another example is ruby, spinel, tourmaline, purple tooth black and so on. They are all red gems. Knowing their hardness differences, we can compare and distinguish them by carving.
The following points should be paid attention to when distinguishing gems by hardness:
This method has two limitations. First, some gems with similar colors have similar hardness, such as zircon and purple tooth black; Second, there is nothing we can do about artificial gem, because artificial gem and natural gemstones are physically different ... >; & gt
Question 4: How to tell whether a ruby is true or false? You can't tell the difference in water, just look at one point. Water has a simple way to tell whether more than 2000 rubies are natural or synthetic.
Question 5: How to identify rubies in water nl dry jewelry identification for so many years, I have never heard that rubies can be identified in water.
You need to go to a jewelry appraisal agency to verify the authenticity.
Question 6: Identification method of gemstones: Gems mainly include Jin Gangzuan, luminous pearl, opal, emerald, ruby and sapphire. These are very expensive. Although artificial gem is exquisitely made, it is a fake gem. Generally speaking, fake gems can be divided into four categories, one is plastic and glass imitation; Second, it is made by gluing and imitating stones similar to precious stones; Third, the chemical composition of counterfeit diamonds (such as alumina); The fourth is to add pigments to transparent minerals and pretend to be gems. Here are some identification methods.
1. Appearance: Real gems have clear and natural lines, moire and crystal features; Fake gems have no natural lines, no clouds and no crystal features.
Second, heat transfer: real gems transfer heat slowly after being heated, and feel cold when touched by hand; Fake gems transfer heat quickly after being heated, and feel hot when touched by hand.
3. Observation with a magnifying glass: there are curved spiral flow patterns, round or oval bubbles on the surface and inside of the fake gem, and casting marks can be seen on the fracture surface, but there is no such phenomenon in the real gem.
Hardness: the hardness of diamond is 10 degree, the hardness of ruby and sapphire is 9 degree, and there are lower hardness gems. Draw a diamond on the gem in the part that does not affect the beauty. If it can leave scratches, it is a real diamond. You can also paint a gem on topaz (hardness 8). If you leave a trace, it will be a real gem.
Color: red, blue, green, orange, purple, yellow and other colors. Such as ruby, pigeon blood red is the best, natural gemstones are seen with a magnifying glass, with inclusions and cracks; Artificial gem is particularly pure, with no impurities, no bubbles and no traces of "doing".
6. Polychromaticity: Real gems have multicolored colors. For example, sapphire is blue in the sun and blue-green on the side; Fake gems don't have this characteristic.
Seven, fire roasting: the real gem will not break in the fire roasting; Fake gems will break when the temperature rises to 90 degrees Celsius after being roasted by fire, so they may be fakes.
method of images
This method is suitable for faceted gemstones. The optical properties of ruby determine that it is the only ruby with a central ring and double rainbows partially overlapping. When you see this picture, it is definitely a ruby.
2. Hardness method
Ruby is the only ruby with a hardness of 9, and cubic zirconia has a hardness of 8.5, which belongs to synthetic products. As long as the cubic zirconia is carved with the edge of the ruby to be measured, the ruby will be scratched, and the ruby will not be scratched. This method is suitable for the identification of natural gemstones and various cut rubies. However, it is a destructive appraisal, so be careful with multi-faceted rubies. The sharp edge of cubic zirconia must not be used to carve the ruby table, otherwise it will leave scratches on the ruby.
3. Fluorescence photometry
Among many rubies, only ruby and red spinel show red-dark red fluorescence under the irradiation of long-wave ultraviolet light. Accordingly, the unknown ruby can be tested by fluorescence method first. A ruby that does not emit light is definitely not a ruby, but it may be a ruby or spinel that emits light. Ruby is not isotropic, spinel is isotropic. In general, only a simple polarizer can detect it. The former rotates 360 degrees between orthogonal polarizers, resulting in four extinction and four brightness, while the latter is full extinction.
4.
1. Difference from artificial glass
Green artificial glass is most similar to emerald, and it can be confused in color and appearance. Bubbles or other residues in artificial glass can produce an appearance similar to cracks or fingerprint inclusions, but artificial glass lacks the green velvet feeling of emerald. People who are familiar with emeralds will be suspicious of glass at first sight when they see samples, but some emeralds with yellow-green or blue-green color have a light green velvet feeling when they are light in color, which is not easy to distinguish from artificial glass, so they should be especially careful when identifying them.
First of all, artificial glass is isotropic, and emerald is anisotropic, which can be directly distinguished by polarizer, dichroic mirror or refractometer. But when looking at the polarizer, we should pay attention to the abnormal extinction of artificial glass, which is not always all black, but a shadow moving left and right. Artificial glass has a wide refractive index range.
2. Difference from artificial yttrium aluminum garnet
Artificial yttrium aluminum garnet is also very similar to emerald, because artificial yttrium aluminum garnet is also isotropic, and its difference is similar to artificial glass. It's just that the artificial gadolinium aluminum garnet has a large refractive index, which is generally greater than 1.8 1, which can't be measured by refractometer, while emerald can be directly measured as 1.575- 1.583. The interior of artificial yttrium aluminum garnet is generally clean, with occasional bubbles. The absorption spectrum is different from that of emerald, and the artificial gadolinium aluminum garnet has no soft feeling of emerald velvet to the naked eye.
3. The difference with inlaid gems
Emerald inlaid gems come in many forms, which can have two or three layers. The most common ones are grandmother plus beryl and grandmother ... >>
Question 7: How to tell the quality of a ruby? The visual identification method of gems is as follows:
1) Look at the color
The first thing to pay attention to is to observe the color of the gem. No matter what kind of gem it is, with the different color and tone of the gem, the scope of identification is somewhat narrowed. The special olive green of olivine makes us feel at home. A few gems are bright emeralds, such as emeralds, garnets and some dyed gems. Black gems are only Wugang stone, coal crystal, tourmaline, diopside and biotite. Purple gemstones include amethyst, purple sapphire, spinel and cubic zirconia. When distinguishing jadeite, Malaysian jade and chrysotile, if carefully observed, we can find that jadeite is unevenly distributed in green, its fracture is dim and serrated, Malaysian jade is filiform in color, its fracture is glassy and sandy, and chrysotile is ivory and evenly distributed. Dyed jadeite is unnatural in color and concentrated in cracks, while true jadeite is natural in color and distribution. The naked eye identification of ruby and spinel shows that ruby is somewhat multicolored, and sometimes hexagonal ribbons can be seen when placed in water, while red spinel is absolutely uniform in color.
2) Look at transparency
Transparency can be used to understand the quality of gems. Generally speaking, the transparency of the same gem is more precious. Transparency can also be used to distinguish gems with similar colors but different kinds. For example, spinel and cinnabar root are similar in color, but spinel is transparent, and some cinnabar roots are opaque or translucent. So are topaz and sapphire. Topaz is a transparent crystal, and sapphire is divided into transparent, translucent and opaque.
3) Look at the gloss
The luster of gemstones is an important basis for naked eye identification, and a satisfactory refractive range can be roughly judged. Gloss is determined by refractive index and smoothness of polished surface. Waxy and shiny jade has poor polishing surface, and silky luster indicates that there are many needle-like inclusions in the gem. Amber may have a resin luster, and the curved surface is rich in color, translucent and cloud-like. The sky blue and milky luster is the ice Lunatone. Sodium moonstone with pearl luster and elongated moonstone with yellow-brown and blue luster. It is the sunshine stone that glows golden in the sun. Diamonds have a typical diamond luster.
4) Hardness test
Some gems with similar appearance can be identified by testing their hardness. Such as diamond, zircon, crystal, etc. Although the appearance is similar, the hardness is different. Diamonds can scratch zircon and crystals, but crystals can't scratch zircon.
Another example is ruby, spinel, tourmaline, purple tooth black and so on. They are all red gems. Knowing their hardness differences, we can compare and distinguish them by carving.
The following points should be paid attention to when distinguishing gems by hardness:
This method has two limitations. First, some gems with similar colors have similar hardness, such as zircon and purple tooth black; Secondly, there is nothing we can do about artificial gem, because artificial gem is very similar to natural gemstones in physical properties.
Don't push too hard when testing, especially don't knock and grade, but drag and grade slowly.
Don't test from only one direction, but from different directions, because the hardness of gemstones in different directions is different. For example, kyanite has a hardness of 4.5 degrees in terms of crystal elongation, which can be carved with a knife, but the hardness in the direction perpendicular to it is as high as 6 degrees or more.
Gems, especially gems, can't be carved casually. A safer and more reliable method is to use ground mineral polishing sheets to test. For example, to distinguish the authenticity of a warping stone, it can be used to carve an artificial spinel polishing sheet (hardness 8). If it can mark synthetic spinel, its hardness must be above 8 degrees, which may be ruby.
5) Charge ratio
It is a secret skill for an experienced appraiser to weigh a gem by hand and estimate its proportion. It takes more practice to master them. For example, the ratio of diamond to colorless artificial cubic zirconia is similar to that of diamond with naked eyes, and the ratio of cubic zirconia is 5.8. The ring surface of the same size is weighed by hand, and the lighter one is diamond. Or look at the diameter of the inverted gem, and you can roughly estimate the specific gravity and weight of the gem by hand.
6) observation of inclusions
It is the most reliable method to distinguish natural and artificial products by observing the characteristics of inclusions in transparent gems with a magnifying glass of 10 times. The inclusions in natural gemstones can be solid, liquid and gas, and most of the solids are in crystal form. There are many bubbles in artificial gem, and the swirling solid inclusions are inclusions of synthetic gems.
7) Look at the dispersion
In transparent turning stones, dispersion intensity can provide important clues for identification. Only diamonds, artificial cubic zirconia, zircon, rutile, garnet and cassiterite can be seen with the naked eye.
......& gt& gt
Question 8: Can rubies be illuminated by sunlight? Ruby can be illuminated by sunlight; But not too long!
Question 9: How to distinguish rubies? ruby
Ruby, a kind of corundum, is mainly composed of alumina (Al2O3), and the red color comes from chromium (Cr). The gem without chromium is naturally sapphire.
Most natural rubies come from Asia (Myanmar, Thailand and Sri Lanka), Africa and Australia, and there are some in Montana and South Carolina. Natural rubies are very rare and precious, but artificial rubies are not difficult, so industrial rubies are all artificial.
Character; Role; letter
Color: deep red.
Gloss:
Crystal morphology:
Stripe mark:
Hardness: 9, extremely hard, second only to diamonds.
Specific gravity: 3.97 g/cm3 -4.05 g/cm3.
Fracture:
Question 10: How do gems identify Qing Er?
Gems mainly include Jin Gangzuan, luminous pearl, opal, emerald, ruby and sapphire. , with high value. Although artificial gem is exquisitely made, it is a fake gem. Generally speaking, fake gems can be divided into four categories, one is plastic and glass imitation; Second, it is made by gluing and imitating stones similar to gems; Third, the chemical composition of counterfeit diamonds (such as alumina); The fourth is to add pigments to transparent minerals and pretend to be gems. Here are some identification methods.
1. Appearance: Real gems have clear and natural lines, moire and crystal features; Fake gems have no natural lines, no clouds and no crystal features.
Second, heat transfer: real gems transfer heat slowly after being heated, and feel cold when touched by hand; Fake gems transfer heat quickly after being heated, and feel hot when touched by hand.
3. Observation with a magnifying glass: there are curved spiral flow patterns, round or oval bubbles on the surface and inside of the fake gem, and casting marks can be seen on the fracture surface, but there is no such phenomenon in the real gem.
Hardness: the hardness of diamond is 10 degree, the hardness of ruby and sapphire is 9 degree, and there are lower hardness gems. Draw a diamond on the gem in the part that does not affect the beauty. If it can leave scratches, it is a real diamond. You can also paint a gem on topaz (hardness 8). If you leave a trace, it will be a real gem.
Color: red, blue, green, orange, purple, yellow and other colors. Such as ruby, pigeon blood red is the best, natural gemstones are seen with a magnifying glass, with inclusions and cracks; Artificial gem is particularly pure, with no impurities, no bubbles and no traces of "doing".
6. Polychromaticity: Real gems have multicolored colors. For example, sapphire is blue in the sun and blue-green on the side; Fake gems don't have this characteristic.
Seven, fire roasting: the real gem will not break in the fire roasting; Fake gems will break when the temperature rises to 90 degrees Celsius after being roasted by fire, so they may be fakes.