Mumbai has the longest jewelry street in Asia, the "Gold Market Street", and there are many shops dealing in gold and silver jewelry. All kinds of gold and silver jewelry are displayed in a dazzling array of windows, and travelers and tourists coming in and out of Mumbai have to come here to choose one or two pieces of satisfactory jewelry. Mumbai is the birthplace of India's textile industry and one of the largest textile export ports in the world. Most of all kinds of Indian cloth and linen are exported from here. Mumbai is also the economic center and industrial base of India. The number of factories in Mumbai accounts for 15% of India, and textile mills account for 40%. history
/kloc-in the 0/7th century, the rise of Malata people in southern India led to the gradual decline and collapse of the Mughal Empire. Shivaji, the most powerful king of Malata people, has an army of 1260 elephants. 1760, the League of Marata sent 350,000 troops, including 400 elephants and many cannons, to the north to compete with Ahmad Shah of the Durani dynasty for control of northern India. Ahmad Shah's Afghan army is superior to Marata in military discipline, tactics, cavalry superiority and artillery power, while I am good at military command and diplomacy. The result ended in the defeat of Malata people, with more than 65438+ 10,000 casualties. This is the third battle of Panipat. In the end, Afghans did not come forward because of heavy losses. This passage of Marx is even more interesting: "The infinite power of the Great Mughal was overthrown by his vassal, the power of the vassal was overthrown by the Malata, and the power of the Malata was overthrown by the Afghans; When everyone was in such a melee, the British recently broke in and conquered everyone. " With the gradual conquest of India by Britain, the elephant soldiers with a history of more than 2,000 years also withdrew from the historical stage as an arm, although individual incidents of fighting with elephants continued until later.
1804, the British launched a war to attack the Malata people. In August, the British army was defeated in Rajputana ... Luo (the vassal) of Bharatpur was encouraged to give up his alliance with Britain and support Holca's attack on Delhi, but the attack failed. 1 13, Holca.
When Malata's Holka destroyed the British-occupied provinces and regions by burning, killing and looting, Indore, the capital, was captured by the British in Mumbai. The British launched four attacks, but it was defeated by the Chaters in Bharatpur at the beginning of 1805. The British army had to make peace with Luo Huan, and the hapless Hoka marched into Punjab to pursue for the British army.
1805165438+1October Britain signed a new treaty with Cynthia of Malata,1806 65438+1October Britain made peace with Holca of Malata,18000.
1627 to 1680 was the reign of the great king Shivaji. Unify the kingdom of Marathi and form a powerful country. The strength of this emerging Marathi country is based on a strong and well-organized army, which can even challenge the Mughal Empire in the north. Aurangzeb, the last Mughal emperor, spent almost the rest of his reign in military transactions with Maladi people in Deccan Plateau. In the18th century, the Mughal Empire gradually retreated from this area, and as a result, almost all parts of western and central India, as well as a large part of northern and eastern India, were controlled by the Marathi Alliance. figure
Sivaji (1630 ~ 1680) was the founder of Indian Mara Federation in17th century and a Hindu hero who resisted the foreign rule of Mughal dynasty. 1630 was born in a small house near Pune, and he was born in a small feudal family of Hindu chief marat. His father, Shojaei Pang Si, works in the Sultanate of Bijabur.
From 65438 to 0646, sivaji was the captain of the youth team of Malai Army, and based in Pune, he waged a struggle against the Sultan of Bijabur and the Mughal Dynasty, uniting Malatai people into a unified fighting collective. 1659, the commander-in-chief of the Sultan of Bijabur, who tried to trap and kill him, was murdered by conspiracy. 1660, sivaji attacked the Mughal Empire, and aurangzeb sent Shahista to suppress and occupy Pune. 1663 sivaji sneaked into Pune, stabbed Sha Sista to death and forced him to leave Deccan. Aurangzeb was uneasy about marat's growing resistance, and Chey Singh, the general of Pairajput, besieged him in Prandal's fortress. Sivaji surrendered temporarily. 1665, the two sides signed the Treaty of Prandel, and sivaji ceded 23 fortresses and land with an annual output value of 6,543.8+6,000 rupees. The treaty also stipulated that the Mughal dynasty would give him preferential treatment as a senior Indian prince. 1666, when sivaji went to Agra to meet the Mughal Emperor, he strongly protested because of the cold reception. Aurangzeb put him under house arrest and tried to kill him. 1667 He managed to escape. 1670 to 1673, sivaji once again rose up against the mughal empire and recovered Pune. 1674 was crowned as "Chat Rapati" (the king of independence) in regal. 1680 died in April.
Sivaji led Malate against Mughal Empire for 35 years, uniting 96 Malate tribes into an independent military force. In terms of internal affairs, popular reforms were carried out and Muslim feudal lords were expelled. The farmers' land tax was reduced to 0/3 of the 65438+ harvest, and the financial source mainly depended on the military protection tax levied on the Mughal Empire. Militarily, light cavalry with strict military discipline, farmers as the backbone and good at mountain guerrilla warfare has been established. Sivaji's guerrilla warfare in Mara dealt a heavy blow to aurangzeb's rule. Traditional handicrafts Mashilu and Himlu Olanjabad are famous for making textiles named Mashilu and Himlu. They are made of cotton thread and silk thread and have a satin luster. Himmlu is an ancient knitting technology, originally called Qom Kowaber. Bidle Olanjabad also has another ship made by ancient craft, named Bidle. It is made of an alloy of zinc and copper, and usually requires complicated and exquisite pure silver processing on the surface of the vessel, which can be covered, inlaid or made into relief. Sawan Wadi process Sawan Wadi is a paint making technology. It is estimated that this technology was introduced into this area at the end of 17. Sawawadi lacquerware produces a wide range of products, but mainly traditional hand-painted furniture and other exquisite items. Describing mythical patterns on the surface of lacquerware is the uniqueness of Sawanwadi lacquerware. There are three different styles of this pattern, namely lemon kata, temple and Ganjifa style. The style of Citracca Tower is characterized by bold and dynamic pattern design. Temple painting is static and is usually used to show sitting gods. Gan's painting style is outstanding. They depicted ten incarnations of Vishnu. The reason why Wali painted Wali painting (or jock) is so named is because the painter is from Wali tribe. Traditionally, Wally's paintings were painted by women at weddings. They are sacred patterns, made of rice paste and straw, and painted on the walls of simple houses of Wali people. The image of the painting is mainly Palcutt, the goddess of trees and crops, symbolizing creativity. Young men also began to participate in painting, and their works were painted on paper. The theme of painting combined modern factors with the traditional basic decorative patterns in Kawara Tsutomu. Traditionally, the dress of Maharashtra women is a nine-yard-long sari called navati. Men like to wear colorful headscarves called Peta. Maharashtra is a region with a long history of textile industry development. There are many kinds of saris with different fabric styles, which are popular in different regions, such as Chabr, Pune and Patan. The jewelry styles of Marathi and Wamen in Beshi are still very popular today. In addition to necklaces, nose rings inlaid with pearls and red and white gems, locally known as Nath, are also very popular accessories for women in Maharashtra. Gorhabur's kapal is famous for its textiles and cotton products, but the most famous one is handmade leather sandals, which the locals call kapal. This kind of leather sandals is world-famous. What makes them famous is their unpretentious style. The price of shoes depends on the quality and design of leather. Generally speaking, the price of Capar in Gorhabur is reasonable and it is worth the money. Pattin's sari has a history of 2000 years. Sari is made of pure silk, and the required "Zhali", that is, gold thread, is made of pure gold. It takes six months to a year and a half to weave a Patan sari full of embossed flowers. The traditional Maharashtra sari is produced in the vicinity of Petsaurabur in Naluoyan. This sari, called Nryana Pate, is woven with silk thread and inlaid with bright Zhali lace. The pattern is usually diamond beads called "rudra Geshe". festival
1.Ganes Chedurti section
Ganes, the patron saint of Maharashtra, is the son of the gods of wisdom, Shiva and Snow Mountain, with an elephant head. Ganes Chedulti Festival is in August. This is an auspicious day, and the God Ganez was born on this day.
2.Guti Padwa Festival
The Guti Padwa Festival (March and April) marks the beginning of the new year in Maharashtra. On this day, businessmen and others will seek advice from astrologers.
3. Nalali Bonima Festival
The full moon in May of the lunar calendar is the day to celebrate Narari Panima Festival, and there are very lively and unique festivals all over Maharashtra. Narali Bonima Festival also marks the arrival of a new fishing season. Fishermen always want to curry favor with Poseidon for protection before leaving Hong Kong with brightly decorated fishing boats. Narali Bonima Festival is a day of singing and dancing.
4.Gokul Ashtami Festival
Celebrate Gokul Ashtami Festival in August to commemorate the birth of the great god Black Sky.
5. Naga Panchami Festival
Naga Panchami means snake festival, which is in late August or early September. In Hindu mythology, cobra has extraordinary significance. During the festival, believers collect hundreds of cobras, put them in clay pots, worship them and sing and dance at the same time. Then, people take them with them and queue up with ox carts and other vehicles. The next day, they were put back where they were caught.