Qin Shi Huang
Qin Shihuang, the son of Wang Xiang of Qin Zhuang, was an outstanding politician in the history of China. In 246 BC, Ying Zheng, who was only 13 years old, was declared King of Qin. Eight years later, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, held a coronation ceremony in the Palace of Prayer for the Year and took charge of the state affairs. Since then, Ying Zheng has inherited a series of policies since Qin Xiaogong, such as reform and reform, rewarding agricultural war, selecting and appointing talents, enriching Qiang Bing, etc., which conforms to the trend of historical development. From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, after the unified war of1year, the vassal states of Korea, Zhao, Yan, Wei, Chu and Qi were successively wiped out, ending the situation of separatist strife that lasted for hundreds of years since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and establishing the first unified, multi-ethnic and centralized feudal dynasty in China history-Qin Dynasty. He claimed to be the first emperor and was the first emperor in China. This omnipotent monarch not only left a huge legacy to future generations, but also left a confusing mausoleum.
The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is located at the northern foot of Mount Li, 5 kilometers east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province in northern China. There is Lishan in the south and Lishui in the north. It was built from 246 BC to 208 BC and lasted for 39 years. It was planned and designed by Prime Minister Rees and supervised by General Zhang Han. At that time, the total population of the Qin Dynasty was about 20 million, and the labor for building tombs reached 720,000. A large number of stone materials used to repair the mausoleum are taken from Zhongshan and Jun 'e Mountain, north of Weihe River, and all of them depend on manpower. It is very difficult to transport it to Lintong. It is the first large-scale and beautifully designed imperial mausoleum in the history of China.
The mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is about 55.05 meters high and more than 2,000 meters in circumference. According to the survey, the whole cemetery covers an area of 220,000 square meters, with large-scale palaces and pavilions. Mausoleum is divided into inner city and outer city. The inner city is square with a circumference of 252,504 meters and the outer city is 6,264 meters. So the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is called the largest underground mausoleum in the world.
The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is like a huge underground palace, which is the core of the mausoleum. On the top of the tomb is an astronomical star map, which is composed of all kinds of sparkling gems. Below are the five mountains, Kyushu and rivers, lakes and seas composed of mechanically driven mercury. There are palaces in the tomb, and there are hundreds of palaces. The candles made of mermaid cream are burning and will never go out. In addition, there are some organs in the tomb. The whole mausoleum is resplendent and impregnable, which can be said to be an underground "blessed land". So far, this mysterious tomb has not been opened.
The Qin Dynasty is a glorious page in the history of China, and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor concentrated the highest achievements of Qin civilization. Qin Shihuang took all the splendor of his life underground, and regarded death as death, which represented the highest symbol of feudal kingship.
The resurrected underground legion
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang are the funerary objects of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum, located at Lingdong1500m. Terracotta warriors and horses are the epitome of Qin's powerful army. 1 pit is the main force composed of infantry and chariots. When you stand in front of the No.1 pit and look at the terracotta warriors and horses buried by rolling loess for more than 2,000 years, their tall bodies, the momentum of the whole army array and the deterrent force created by the army array, you can imagine the scene of Qin Shihuang sweeping the Liuhe Million Heroes. Terracotta warriors and horses are not simply made of clay. Observe each terracotta figure carefully. You will find that each of them has a different costume, crown and god. There are battle-hardened and bearded veterans, young people who have just entered the battlefield, resolute and mighty generals, high-spirited and somewhat childish soldiers, and riders wearing armor and holding spears. These soldiers and figures are all made according to the image of soldiers in Qin Shihuang's Imperial Forest Army. They are all over 1.7 meters tall, and they are all burly. Therefore, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang are called "resurrected underground legions".
The second pit is a mixed force of infantry, cavalry and chariots. It can be roughly divided into four relatively independent units: crossbowman phalanx, Xu cavalry phalanx, Chebu and cavalry phalanx, and cavalry phalanx. * * * There are 1300 terracotta figures and horses, more than 80 chariots and a large number of metal weapons. The third pit is the headquarters of the whole army. It is concave, with a chariot and 64 samurai statues. When the fourth pit was discovered, there was nothing in it. Maybe Qin Shihuang built it too late.
In the exhibition hall, the four gold-inlaid characters of "Crown of Bronze" are dazzling. The bronze weapons unearthed here include swords, spears, halberds and arrows. Although they have been buried underground for more than 2000 years, their blades are still sharp and shiny. 1974, archaeologists found a completely different bronze sword in the loess of the Terracotta Warriors pit. To the experts' surprise, the length of this sword actually exceeds 9 1 cm. It is amazing that the Qin people can make such a long bronze sword.
Terracotta warriors and horses were originally colored. Archaeologists opened the sealed soil layer for less than three minutes, and all the colors on the terracotta warriors and horses were weathered. Due to technical reasons, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses are not fully open.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Qin Dynasty are the greatest archaeological discoveries in the 20th century, and are listed in the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO. It is not only the pride of the Chinese nation, but also reserves valuable wealth for the whole world.