Tang Sancai is a kind of low-temperature glazed pottery. Adding different metal oxides into the colored glaze, after firing, various colors such as light yellow, ochre yellow, light green, dark green, sky blue, brown red and eggplant purple are formed, but most of them are yellow, brown and green. It is a traditional handicraft with China's unique style, mainly the colored glaze coated on the ceramic body. During the firing process, chemical changes occur, the depth of the colored glaze changes, mutual penetration, mottled dripping, natural color coordination and smooth patterns. In the mutual reflection of colors, the three colors of Tang Dynasty show magnificent artistic charm. As a funerary object, Tang Sancai was used for funerary objects, because its fetal quality was crisp, its waterproof performance was poor, and its practicability was far less than that of celadon and white porcelain that had appeared at that time.
The production process of Tang Sancai is very complicated. First of all, the mined mineral soil should be selected, mashed, washed, precipitated and dried, then made into tires with molds and fired in the kiln. The firing method of Tang Sancai is secondary firing. From the raw materials, its carcass is made of white clay and fired in a kiln at 1000- 1 100℃. After cooling, glaze with various prepared glazes at 850-950 degrees Celsius. In terms of glaze color, various oxidized metals are used as colorants, and various colors appear after calcination.
After the glaze burns out, some characters need to start over. The so-called face-opening means that the antique products of characters' heads are not glazed, and they have to be inserted, lipped and painted. Such a process, and then this product of Tang Sancai is completed.
The characteristics of three colors in Tang Dynasty can be summarized into two aspects. The first is modeling. In terms of modeling, its modeling is different from ordinary handicrafts and horses unearthed in other times. First of all, its appearance is relatively fat. This breed of horse is said to have come from the western regions at that time, so it is a little different from the shape of the horse we see now. Horses have fat hips and a wide neck. The modeling characteristics of Tangma are mainly static, but driven by static. You can see that this is a stationary horse. But it depicts the eyes of a horse. The horse's eyes are carved into triangles, and the eyes are round, and then the horse's ears are attached. As if listening or hearing something. This detailed description shows the inner spirit and rhythm of Tang Ma.
Another feature of the tri-colored Tang Dynasty is glaze color. As utensils, the use of three glaze colors, red, green and white, first began in the Tang Dynasty, but craftsmen skillfully used the method of glazing to make it staggered. Then, after firing at high temperature, it is glazed and melted to form a unique melting process. After coming out of the kiln, the tricolor changed into many colors, including primary colors, composite colors and double colors.
The tri-colored objects in the Tang Dynasty are round and full, which is consistent with the characteristics of fullness, bodybuilding and width in the art of the Tang Dynasty. Tri-colored sculptures in Tang Dynasty are rich and colorful, which can be roughly divided into three categories: animals, household appliances and figures, among which animals are the most. Tri-color figures and animals have moderate proportions, natural shapes, smooth lines and liveliness. Among the characters, the warrior is muscular, glaring and nervous; The female figurines are slim, graceful, leisurely and elegant, and very plump. Animals are mostly horses and camels.
A camel-carrying figurine was unearthed in General Cemetery, the right-back in the Tang Dynasty. The camel stands with its head held high, brown all over, with long hair hanging from the top of its head to its neck, and from its lower jaw to its abdomen and upper limbs. It is soft and beautiful. The hunchback has a platform and a blanket. On the platform, there are two Le Hu statuettes sitting on the left and right. They are sitting back to back, playing musical instruments, and there is a statuette standing in the middle, dancing. These three musical figures all have deep eyes, high noses and beards, wearing green lapels and white felt boots, and only the front one is wearing yellow shoulder armor. This tall camel carrying music and dance statues is exquisite and amazing!
The producing areas of Tang Sancai are An, Luoyang and Yangzhou, which are the connection points of the ancient Silk Road on land and at sea. On the ancient Silk Road, camels were the main means of transportation in the Tang Dynasty. It is conceivable that in the desert, people and camels trudge and lean against each other, so people and camels have a sense of intimacy. Its tall shape and resolute expression seem to carry the Wan Li dust of the ancient Silk Road.
Tri-colored pottery in the Tang Dynasty is the essence of pottery in the Tang Dynasty, reaching its peak in the early and prosperous Tang Dynasty. After the Anshi Rebellion, with the gradual decline of the Tang Dynasty and the rapid development of porcelain, the production of tricolor utensils gradually declined. Later, "Liao Sancai" and "Jin Sancai" appeared, but they were far inferior to Tang Sancai in quantity, quality and artistry.
Tang Sancai was exported to foreign countries as early as the early Tang Dynasty and was deeply loved by foreign people. This colorful glazed pottery is famous for its gorgeous glaze, bright luster and exquisite shape. Tri-colored pottery in Tang Dynasty is a bright pearl in China ancient pottery.