It is said that it is one of the most beautiful buildings in James I England in the17th century, and it is famous for its exquisite tapestry decoration and precious books. Besides, this manor is so famous because it is the home of the dead of poor headless queen anne boleyn.
Blickling Hall is located in the north of Blickling village near Elsham, Norfolk, England. Covering an area of 1.933 hectares, including 200 hectares of woodland, 0/.80 hectares of parks and 0/.400 hectares of farmland. It is a world-famous ghost paradise. Queen Anne, the daughter of Count Thomas Boleyn, was born in this manor.
Queen Anne was beheaded by Henry VIII on May 9, 536 for treason. It is said that when she is executed every day, she is always seen walking around the tower in a carriage driven by Sleepy Valley with her head under her arm, or kneeling in a corner of the manor, holding her head in her hand and telling people stories of her grievances.
Portrait of Queen anne boleyn
Besides Queen Anne, there are two famous "ghosts" in this manor. One is Count Thomas, who is said to be cursed for not helping his daughter when she died. Every year, his ghost tries to cross the 12 bridge before the cock crows; Another ghost is Sir John Fastov, who was a knight in the15th century and later became the prototype of the protagonist in Shakespeare's comedy Falstaff. It is said that he sold the manor to Sir Thomas, who often went to his house.
Jean Brooks, manager of Blickling Manor, said calmly that many tourists reported seeing the ghosts of these three people, especially around May 19, because that was the day when Queen Anne was beheaded.
Portrait of Henry VIII
Anne boleyn (15011507-1536may19) is the second queen of King Henry VIII of England, the Marquise of pembroke, the biological mother of Queen Elizabeth I and the daughter of Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wilt. Her life is a legend. Henry VIII annulled his marriage with his first wife, Catherine (daughter of Spanish King Ferdinand II), and married Anne. A series of events led him to break away from the Roman Catholic Church and eventually led to the Reformation in England.
Anne was the first queen to be executed and beheaded in English history. The second season of the TV series Tudor Dynasty fully explained this story.
Poster of TV series Tudor Dynasty
First, the political forces before the Tudor Dynasty in Britain
In the Middle Ages before the Tudor Dynasty, although the king of England was the center of state power, and it was more powerful than the kingship of European countries, there were three insurmountable constraints around it: one was the aristocratic group, the other was the power of the church, and the third was the middle class.
As far as personal strength is concerned, of course, the British nobles are unable to compete with the kingship, but the combined strength of the nobles is enough to compete with the kingship. It is precisely because of the previous reasons that the British nobles always fought with the king consciously and unconsciously in order to safeguard and expand their feudal rights and interests, forcing the king to kneel and make concessions. The Magna Carta of 12 15 and the Oxford Regulation of 1258 are two typical examples.
As a part of the huge international religious system, the British Catholic Church, with the strong backing of the Holy See and its monopoly position in the field of ideology and culture, has always played a prominent and important role in the power stage of medieval England, accounting for about 1/3 of the national land resources.
The middle class composed of rural gentry and urban citizens is a new force rising with the development of commodity economy in the13rd century. Although its political function and influence were obviously weaker than that of aristocrats and churches at that time, its huge wealth and vigorous development potential, especially its irreplaceable special financial position as the main tax source of the country, determined that it would inevitably become a political force that could not be ignored in the monarchy.
In such a multi-power contrast structure, although the British monarchy in the Middle Ages was strong enough to maintain the political unity of the country, it was impossible to establish a monarchy above the other three forces.
Anne boleyn in the TV series Tudor Dynasty
Second, Britain became a truly independent sovereign country during the Tudor dynasty, with the king as the incarnation.
Tudor dynasty (English: Tudor dynasty; 1485-1603), the dynasty rulers of this period, henry vii, Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, established and consolidated a powerful monarchy through parliamentary and religious reforms, which ensured the formation of a powerful nation-state. Britain broke through the shackles of the Christian system in the Middle Ages, and gradually formed a Protestant nation-state with absolute monarchy as its core during this period. Tudor dynasty is in the transitional period from feudalism to capitalism in Britain, and it is considered as the golden age in the history of British monarchy.
The dualistic social structure, which has maintained the coexistence of kingship and theocracy and the opposition between church and secular regime for nearly a thousand years, has been replaced by the monistic social structure in which theocracy obeys kingship and the church belongs to the state. Britain became a truly independent sovereign country with the king as the incarnation.
During the Tudor period, the comparative structure of the three major political forces in Britain changed fundamentally.
The aristocratic group was weakened in wars of the roses, and its power declined sharply. Many noble families have died, leaving only a handful of noble families. On the whole, the aristocratic groups are declining, and they can no longer "make waves" on the political stage. Some nobles even had to rely on the snorting of kingship to survive.
Church forces suffered a fatal blow in the Reformation. Religious property was confiscated, monasteries were dissolved, monks were ordered to return to secular life, and papal forces were expelled. Bishops must be elected according to the nomination of the king, and the laws and regulations formulated by the religious assembly must be approved by the king before they can take effect. The church court shall not violate the laws of the state and the orders of the king, and shall not appeal the case to Rome. Tudor's independent theocracy kingdom was destroyed, and the king became the supreme leader of the monks and secular circles.
The middle class (that is, the emerging bourgeoisie). Although with the rapid development of capitalism, its economic strength has been further strengthened, it is not enough to challenge the royal power, nor does it have the political demand to seize the sovereignty. On the contrary, they still need the protection of the royal wings. Therefore, this group is not an alien force of kingship, but a supporter of kingship.
Henry VIII in the TV series Tudor Dynasty
Third, the voice of the early religious reform of Henry VIII in Tudor dynasty
15 19 years, German Martin Luther (1483165438+10-65438+February 18. In Germany, a Protestant movement with Lutheran as the guiding ideology began. Because his thoughts were in line with the interests of the citizens and emerging aristocrats who were generally dissatisfied with the Roman church at that time, Protestant thoughts quickly spread to France, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Britain and Northern Europe. A large number of theologians and philosophers have written books and put forward their own religious theories.
The Englishman william tyndale is one of them. William tyndale (1494? -1536), a famous Christian scholar,1pioneer of religious reform in the 6th century. He is proficient in foreign languages and has been translating the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into English since 152 1. With the help of printing, the English version of the Bible was popularized among ordinary people.
From 65438 to 0528, william tyndale wrote a book on Christian obedience. The core idea of this book is that the church should not obey the Pope, but the king.
Before 1529, religious thoughts in British politics were still relatively traditional. The Catholic Church is recognized as the only legitimate church, and the Pope is recognized as the only legitimate spiritual leader. However, this new idea is tenacious and always finds a way to penetrate into the power center. This time, with the help of a woman, it entered the king's court.
Poster of TV series Tudor Dynasty
Fourth, political marriage is an important way to realize dreams by attaching to kingship.
Anne's father, Sir Thomas Boleyn, later became the Duke of Wiltshire and Aumund. He knew that to realize his official career and family glory, he must rely on kingship. The cultivation of daughters must begin at an early age.
As a diplomat of Henry VIII, Thomas Boleyn has extensive contacts in Europe. 15 14, Henry VIII married his sister Mary Dodd to King Louis XII of France of France, and Anne's father arranged for her (13 years old) to go to France as the bride's dowry officer.
In France, she is the stepdaughter of Marie Dodd, one of the favorite waitresses of Queen Claude of France. During this period, Anne was influenced by French upper-class civilized society, learning French culture and etiquette, dressing, music, dancing, knitting and sewing; I also studied genealogy, arithmetic, reading, writing, history and social interaction. Annie is good at needlework and embroidery, cooking, housework and singing and dancing, as well as playing cards, playing chess, betting on dice, riding horses, hunting, archery and falconry. Therefore, Anne is very cultured, artistic, proficient in many languages and fashionable in clothes, and has won the way of the French court. She also acted as an interpreter when British nobles visited the French court.
When German Martin Luther's Ninth Five-Year Plan spread to France, Anne was deeply influenced and became a staunch supporter of the Reformation.
Anne boleyn's father called her back to China in the winter of 152 1, and she set off for England in June of 1522.
Originally, according to her father Thomas' plan, Anne was sent back to England this time to arrange her marriage with her Irish cousin James, and also to solve the controversial issue of the Earl of Aumund's inheritance. However, contrary to expectations, this political marriage failed due to complex interests.
But the father and daughter were not depressed at all, because Sir Thomas had new expectations and plans as soon as he saw his charming daughter. Anne, who has accumulated enough experience and fighting capacity, hit it off with her old father. Her ambition and desire rose in her heart, and she re-selected her goal and took aim at Henry VIII.
Scene of TV drama "Tudor Dynasty"
Sir Thomas arranged for anne boleyn to enter the palace and became the maid of Queen Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of Henry VIII.
At the masquerade ball on March 4th, 1522, she showed her charm with graceful and skillful dancing, and became an elegant, intelligent and affectionate woman recognized by the court social circle. Sure enough, Henry VIII began to secretly love anne boleyn on 1525 and pursued her.
At the beginning of this relationship, anne boleyn kept a low profile. In order to please Anne, Henry VIII surrounded her with wealth, a lot of jewels, clothes and various luxurious gifts, and wrote at least 17 love letters to her between 1527 and 1528. Faced with precious jewels and passionate love letters, Anne showed unusual calmness and pointedly rejected Henry again and again.
After Henry VIII took the bait, anne boleyn, who seized the opportunity, was in no hurry to have sex with Henry VIII. She claims that she won't be his mistress, but she must get married legally. This move is too awesome. Zhen Xuan also used this trick-let men cherish you and never let them feel too easy to get. In this way, men will not lose interest in you.
Scene of TV drama "Tudor Dynasty"
Anne's intention is obvious: to sit on the throne of the queen. Catherine of Aragon, the first queen of Henry VIII, never gave birth to a male heir to the Tudor dynasty. Under the planning of anne boleyn, Henry VIII believed that anne boleyn was the woman who was destined to give birth to a healthy son for him. For the sake of his son's legal status and heir, Henry VIII officially launched a divorce war with Catherine.
1527, Henry VIII and his ministers submitted an application to the Vatican to annul his marriage with Queen Catherine. Under the pressure of yekaterina's nephew, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Pope Kemian VII refused to approve the application for invalid marriage for six consecutive years.
Portrait of Queen Catherine
Fifth, the divorce of Henry VIII became the fuse of the English Reformation.
With the introduction of the idea of religious reform into Britain, the anti-Catholic sentiment of the masses is rising day by day, and many people with more radical ideas have appeared among the gentry and the bourgeoisie, demanding the destruction of the Catholic Church and the exclusion of the interference of the Holy See. At this time, the divorce of Henry VIII became the fuse of the English Reformation.
Anne boleyn's own religious thought is radical. She opposed conservative Catholic beliefs and believed that the Pope's suppression of secular kingship should be broken. If the Vatican can be ruled out, she herself will take the absolute initiative in the contest with Catherine. She showed Henry william tyndale's On Christian Obedience, and the ideas in the book were exactly what Henry wanted.
Henry VIII was an ambitious man with a strong desire for power. He can't tolerate sharing his power with others, let alone taking the Pope as the supreme forever, tolerating that the Catholic Church has a lot of political and economic privileges, and even his divorce appeal can't be approved for six years. If we can nationalize the land and property occupied by the Catholic Church, if we can deprive the Pope of his privileges and rule the Church of England by himself, we will establish a powerful royal power and our marriage can be arbitrary.
Of course, the consequences of doing so are very serious. Henry not only wants to break with thousands of years of tradition, but also bears the charge of heresy and is an enemy of the powerful Catholic country. However, anne boleyn knew that Henry VIII would not be timid because of these dangers, because she was very aware of Henry's strong desire for power. In order to satisfy his self-centered desire, he dares to despise all forces-from now on, those who stand in my way will die!
Therefore, Henry VIII took action and used Congress to discuss divorce, forcing Congress to pass a series of bills and gain royal power.
Poster of TV series Tudor Dynasty
6. Henry VIII promoted the religious reform in England and gained the highest power through the discussion of divorce proceedings.
From 1529 to 1536, the British Parliament held eight consecutive sessions. Encouraged by the reformists represented by the emerging bourgeoisie, a series of parliamentary bills were passed to implement the religious reform. According to the Act of Parliament, Henry VIII took a large fine from the church, withheld the annual tribute to the Pope, gained the full power to formulate canon and appoint bishops, gained the supreme judicial power of the church, replaced the Pope as the supreme leader of the English church, took the bishop's first year's salary and tithe as his own, dissolved all monasteries, and reverted huge land and property to the royal family. From then on, Britain broke away from the Roman Catholic Church system and established the Church of England, which was controlled by the state power with the king as the supreme ruler.
Henry VIII obtained judicial power (divorce right) as follows:
The congress of 1529 kicked off in a hubbub. Members with different positions expressed their opinions and attacked each other. John Fischer is a member of the House of Lords and a bishop of Rochester. He is strongly opposed to the divorce case. He publicly stated that Henry VIII's actions would destroy the church in England. However, there are obviously more people in Congress who support the reform, especially in the House of Commons, where most of them are the emerging bourgeoisie. They generally hate the privileges of churches and priests, but they are unwilling to compromise on how to reform each other.
Henry saw hope in the cooperative attitude of Congress.
At the end of 1529, the National Assembly passed a bill to deprive clergy of judicial privileges. From now on, the priest's crimes will be treated equally with ordinary civilians.
1530, the national assembly passed the contempt of court act. The crime of contempt of kingship refers to trying to ask foreign forces to handle British domestic affairs. The purpose of the bill is very obvious, which is to attack those who recognize the supreme authority of the Holy See.
The priests also fought back. 1530, they joined some lawyers, claiming that legally speaking, Congress has no right to authorize the archbishop to disobey the orders of the Pope. But in the face of Henry's determination, their resistance immediately collapsed. At this moment, a bizarre poisoning case happened. The servant of Bishop Fischer of Rochester was poisoned after eating porridge. Obviously, someone tried to poison Fischer, but no one knew who was behind it.
153 1 year, Henry VIII announced that he would accuse all Catholic priests who opposed his divorce of contempt of the throne. However, Henry also said that if the Canterbury Pastoral Assembly is willing to pay 654.38 million+pounds, they can be exempted from punishment.
The two sides bargained and finally reached an agreement. First, the Canterbury Pastoral Conference paid 654.38 million+pounds in five years.
Secondly, the Church of England recognized Henry VIII as "the supreme head of the Church of England" and enjoyed judicial power. The Church of England obeys the leadership of the king. In exchange, Henry will drop the charge of contempt of the crown. When the agreement was brought to the clergy meeting for discussion, no one spoke. Archbishop Vollam, who presided over the meeting, said: "If you don't speak, you agree." As a result, all the priests said in unison, "Then we won't talk."
With the new title and power given to him by this meeting, Henry VIII finally gained judicial power and could get rid of Catherine.
When Henry VIII succeeded in liberating Britain from the control of the Pope, it also decided Anne's own tragedy. When kingship became the supreme right in England without any restrictions, Anne's own status lost legal protection, because nothing could hinder Henry VIII's wishes at that time.
Portrait of Henry VIII
Seven, Anne's tragedy is inevitable.
Anne boleyn is smart, decisive, confident, strong, sensitive and skillful in politics. He is the perfect lover of Henry VIII. However, when Anne became Henry's wife, she became suspicious, cruel and mean. Later, Henry was tired of Anne who frequently intervened in politics and tried to push the religious reform in a more radical direction. She thinks she is not fit to be the mother of a country because of her sharp words, pungent personality and ambitious. Especially after Anne was unable to give birth to a son for Henry VIII, she was immediately abandoned by Henry VIII.
Without the restriction of power, Anne's fate must be more miserable than Queen Catherine's, bearing the stigma of adultery until she paid the price of her life.
On June 1533, anne boleyn was crowned Queen of England. Catherine was stripped of the title of queen and imprisoned in a low-level manor. Mary tudor was exiled as an illegitimate daughter and was not allowed to meet her mother.
1533 In September, anne boleyn gave birth to her daughter Elizabeth I, who later became the "virgin queen". Because Anne didn't give birth to a son, Henry VIII turned his mind to Anne's waitress jane seymour.
1536, Henry VIII ordered the arrest of anne boleyn and her brother viscount George. George was accused of having an affair with three of his friends in anne boleyn and planning to assassinate the king. George and his friends were executed, while anne boleyn was convicted of adultery with his younger brother and imprisoned in the Tower of London.
Annie was beheaded. Henry VIII declared his marriage with anne boleyn null and void.
Scene of TV drama "Tudor Dynasty"
This is a game in which power is given, supervision is lost and abused.
Henry VIII opposed the Pope's divorce and mobilized social forces to seize power successfully. In Henry VIII's movement to leave the Pope, aristocrats and emerging bourgeois groups represented by Anne and Anne's father fully supported it. After Henry VIII came to power, he abused his right to divorce. Anne eventually became a victim of uncontrolled abuse of power.
This is a tragedy caused by personal ambition attached to absolute monarchy.
Portrait of Henry VIII
Eight, the audience's evaluation of Anne's father after watching the TV series Tudor Dynasty.
I think the most hateful person in the whole play is not Ann Boleyn, but her father Thomas Boleyn, who is completely selfish and heartless, regardless of the lives of his children and only cares about his own interests.
Why? It's simple. If he really loved his daughter, he wouldn't give his daughters Mary and Ann to the king as mistresses one after another in order to gain more benefits for himself. It is because of Ann's smart, stubborn and competitive personality that she doesn't want to be a mistress who is abandoned at any time, and it is by taking advantage of Henry's infatuation with herself that she finally ascended the throne of the queen. On the other hand, if he really loved his daughter, he wouldn't have caught the plague in Ann, and everyone thought she would miraculously come back to life when she died. The first thing he said to his daughter was to let her go back to the king and continue the court struggle. At this time, Anne showed a completely disappointed look. Until finally, Anne was framed and put in the Tower of London. When her father was being tried, he even blamed all the charges on his daughter in order to save his life. Anne's father is completely behind this tragedy!
I saw the end of the Tudor dynasty in anne boleyn. The Bolin family went from prosperity to decline and died on the guillotine, but Thomas, the parent of Bolin family, escaped death. When he heard Charlie tell him that he was still an earl, he couldn't help smiling. When he saw Anne watching her family beheaded and suffering in the Tower of London, when he saw White writing this poem in prison ... I wish I could go back to the beginning. Anne didn't listen to her father and went to the palace. Instead, she stayed with White. With White's love for her, she would be happy enough not to end up like this. She was framed as having more than 100 lovers, and even had incest with her own brother. These people were born to die. When White learned this sentence in prison, he said, "I'm the only one guilty" and burst into tears. Finally, he watched her go to the guillotine and watch her die. .........
Nine, their own "desire"
Men want beautiful women,
Women are intrigued by all means for power and wealth.
Anne went to ruin for power.
Tudor harem story is absurd and contains human nature.
We all have another self, which is called "desire"
The embodiment of desire and unscrupulous means.
I am always reading the bloody history of Tudor dynasty.