Emerald in English comes from Persian zumurud (emerald), and later evolved into Latin smaragdus, which was misrepresented as esmeraude and emeraude, and later became an English spelling form. Chinese is transliteration. Tao transliterated as "supporting the wooden thorn" in his "Dropping out of Farming". The old fashions in China have names such as "mother green" and "water-helping green". Hong Kong is also called "Lu Zongqing".
Emerald, known as the king of emeralds, is one of the most precious gems (May Birthstone).
Emerald is one of the oldest gemstone varieties and was used as jewelry in ancient Egypt. Cleopatra (Cleopatra's name), a famous mine at that time, has been exhausted by a large number of mining.
Emerald is a rare and flawless gem. In fact, it can be said that there must be some cracks and inclusions in emeralds, and the types of cracks and inclusions are very complicated, even called "garden" by researchers.
Too many inclusions will naturally affect the value of gems, but for gem researchers, the inclusions of emeralds are rare samples. By observing different inclusions, we can distinguish different origins and growing environments of gems.
Although the inclusion of emerald greatly affects the beauty of gemstones, its beautiful green color is still incomparable to other gemstones.
The green color of emeralds comes from chromium ions, which can be observed by Charles filter.
Under the Charles filter, most emeralds will appear dark red due to the existence of chromium ions, while most other green substitutes will appear dark green. This rule can only be used as a reference for identification and cannot be used to judge whether it is true or not, because some African emeralds are not red under the color filter, on the contrary, some artificial emeralds are strongly red.
Emerald belongs to beryl family and belongs to hexagonal system.
Emerald crystals are usually hexagonal columns with few vertebral surfaces. There are pits on the cylindrical surface and the bottom axial surface.
Almost all emeralds are broken in appearance, with many inclusions and extremely rare crystals, because they are generated in rock strata that are often squeezed by stress.
The green color of emeralds is different from other natural emeralds. Because of its many inclusions, more experienced people can distinguish it.
As for the synthesis of gems, the efforts to synthesize emeralds can be said to be one after another. Basically, synthetic emeralds are made by hydrothermal method or flux method, not by Vinuel method.
There is a limitation in making synthetic gemstones by Vinu Erffa, that is, this method is only suitable for making gemstones with stable composition at high temperature, such as corundum and spinel, while emeralds belong to silicates, and their composition will decompose before reaching the temperature required by Vinu Erffa, so it is not applicable. The hydrothermal method of emerald is mainly to put the seeds into the solution containing emerald components and make them crystallize slowly. The crystallized gem is pure and flawless, which is not equal to many inclusions in natural emeralds.
Therefore, imitators will add some flux to the process, so that people can make emerald crystals and produce inclusions that look like natural clouds. Because of the different types of fluxes and the different shapes of inclusions, very interesting patterns can often be formed.
Because there are too many cracks, the best treatment of jadeite is mainly in the treatment of cracks.
The most famous optimization treatment of emeralds is oil soaking. If the crack of emerald extends to the surface, it will be soaked in some special oil, because the crack is not so obvious because of the soaking of oil. This treatment method is widely used in many emeralds with poor quality.
Sometimes even after oil immersion, the crack entrance is covered with special materials to avoid oil leakage.