After the death of Cixi, there were two little-known secret arrangements: one was to collect all kinds of priceless treasures to be buried with her; Second, let Guangxu be buried with him.
First, the "secret" in the mausoleum of Empress Dowager Cixi:
How luxurious is Cixi's mausoleum?
Cixi, the uncrowned king in China's modern history, ended three times and decided the heir to the throne twice, playing with the mountains and rivers of the Qing Dynasty. In our impression, Cixi is a traitor and schemer, cruel and cold. So, what's so special about the location and construction of Cixi's mausoleum, such a powerful woman as Yi Guifei of Xianfeng Emperor and Empress Dowager of Qing Dynasty? According to the regulations of the royal mausoleum and the traditional practice of "Higashionishi is small" in China, Cixi and Ci 'an, as Empresses of the two palaces, should accompany the mausoleum of Emperor Xianfeng and use a mausoleum. The location of Empress Dowager Cixi's mausoleum should be like this-Ci 'an is Empress Dowager Cixi, she should be buried in the east of the mausoleum, and Cixi is Empress Dowager Cixi, and she should be buried in the west of the mausoleum. But when we walked into the mausoleum of Empress Dowager Cixi, we found that Empress Dowager Cixi was buried in the west and Empress Dowager Cixi was buried in the east. Why? Does Empress Dowager Cixi occupy the position of loyalty, honesty and kindness?
According to the ancestral system of China Imperial Mausoleum, Ci 'an Mausoleum of the Eastern Empress Dowager was built in the west of Ding Dong Mausoleum, but close to Dingling of Xianfeng Emperor, while Ci 'xi Mausoleum of the Western Empress Dowager was built in the east, but far from Dingling of Xianfeng Emperor. The mausoleum of Empress Dowager Cixi in the West is obviously lower than that of Empress Cian in the East. In addition, the construction scale of the two mausoleums is roughly the same, but Ci 'an Mausoleum used 2.6 million taels of silver and Cixi only used 2.27 million taels. The arrangement of the location of Empress Dowager Cixi's mausoleum has greatly hurt the self-esteem of Empress Dowager Cixi, who is superior everywhere. Cixi has always been a competitive woman and can't fall behind others. In the seventh year of Guangxu (A.D. 188 1), Ci 'an died suddenly, and since then, Cixi has monopolized power. In the second year of her 60th birthday (A.D. 1895), just after the Sino-Japanese War, there was a rare famine in the whole country. Cixi ordered the demolition and reconstruction of her "eternal land" regardless of the large amount of compensation from the state, the displacement of farmers and the lack of food. This project lasted for more than ten years until the death of Cixi. The main building of the rebuilt Empress Dowager Cixi Mausoleum is divided into two parts: the former dynasty is a place for sacrifice and worship, which is mainly composed of the Long 'en Hall and the East-West Attached Hall. The back bedroom is the underground palace where Empress Dowager Cixi was buried. The rebuilt Cixi Mausoleum is exquisite in materials, exquisite in craftsmanship, luxurious in decoration and exquisite in architecture, which dwarfs the adjacent Cian Mausoleum.
When you step into the Long 'en Gate of Cixi's Mausoleum, you can see the unique reddish-brown doors and windows, linghua and beam arch at a glance, which are integrated, giving people a sense of purity and pleasing to the eye. At first glance, it is not as gorgeous as the red lacquer beams and columns that are common in the court. Careful observation shows that wood grain is delicate and elegant in color. This is a precious wood from Huang Huali, mainly produced in Hainan Island. Visiting buildings all over the country, the only temple built with this kind of wood is the mausoleum of Cixi. Among the 64 pillars of the Three Great Halls, except for the 7-meter-high gold pillar and the middle pillar of Long 'en Hall, which is a box, the rest are single straight logs with a diameter of 1 meter and a height of 3.65 meters. These precious materials constitute one of the exquisite Woods of Cixi Mausoleum. The three halls of Cixi Mausoleum are all decorated with colorful paintings, all of which are gilded. The 64 pillars of the Three Halls are all inlaid with gold, which is more magnificent than the six gold pillars of the Taihe Hall in the Forbidden City in Beijing. Inside and outside the three main halls, there are 30 brick walls with an area of 228 square meters, which are engraved with the words "Five bats (longevity)", "the length of ribbon" and "endless words" respectively. The bricks are covered with red gold powder, which makes them even more brilliant. According to records, the three halls of Cixi used Jin Yezi 4598+0403. The luxury of gold ornaments is a must.
In order to show that women are in power, the stone railings around the Long 'en Hall are engraved with the pattern of "Phoenix attracting dragons". Yi Long Phoenix in front of the temple was carved on a stone bench with a length of 3. 18m and a width of1.6m. The phoenix spread its wings in the air and reclined in the clouds. The dragon came out of the water, bent down and held his head high. Phoenix attracts dragons to play with fire beads. On the 69 white marble railings around the Long 'en Hall, the pattern of "Phoenix attracting dragons" was also carefully carved. In particular, the 76 sentries between the railings are the most unconventional. Among the stone fence posts built by the royal family, the "Dragon and Phoenix posts" have the highest level, and most of them are arranged alternately with one dragon and one phoenix. But the platform sentry box of Cixi mausoleum is different. It's like carving a phoenix in Yun Xiang, with a smug face. This pair of "Phoenix attracts dragon" patterns is not only a portrayal of Cixi's greed for power, but also a witness that she does whatever she wants by relying on power. 240 phoenixes and 308 dragons were carved on the whole fence.
How many treasures are there in Cixi Mausoleum?
1908, Cixi died at the age of 74. Cixi is a famous "luxury" queen mother in history. She loved pearls, agates, precious stones, jade articles, gold and silver vessels and other treasures before her death. After her death, the treasure buried in the coffin was worth as much as 200 million taels of silver.
Cixi was overbearing before her death. During the reign of Tongzhi and Guangxu, she actually took charge of state affairs for 48 years. After her death, almost all the treasures she seized in her life were buried with her body. Emerald watermelon and Chinese cabbage circulating in the world are only a tiny part of them.
According to the notes of the eunuch Li at that time, before the body of Cixi entered the coffin, a gold-inlaid brocade mattress was laid at the bottom of the coffin, about 7 inches thick. Wearing a gold beaded silk embroidered dress with an embroidered beaded coat and nine beaded beads wrapped around it; Wearing a pearl crown on his head, there is a four-fold treasure as big as an egg on the crown, with an estimated value of 10000000 silver. Put a green lotus leaf weighing 225 yuan and 40 cents in front of your head. The leaves are all green, and Ye Jin grows naturally.
A tourmaline lotus weighing 36.28 yuan was placed at Cixi's feet. There are two jade watermelons, four jade melons, two jade cabbages and more than 200 treasures of peaches, plums, apricots and dates at the feet. According to Li's grandnephew Li Yingzhou's father's Notes on Aiyuexuan, these two watermelons are green and red with black silk; Two melons with white skin and yellow skin, two with green skin and yellow skin; All four melons are excellent. Chinese cabbage is all green leaves, with a grasshopper in the middle and two yellow wasps beside the leaves. 65,438+00 emerald peaches have cyan and pink tips, 65,438+000 topaz plums, 65,438+000 ruby apricots and 40 ruby dates.
Next to Cixi, there are 27 gold, green, jade and ruby Buddha statues. On the left side of the corpse, there is a three-section jade lotus root with natural gray "sludge" and green lotus leaves on it; Pink lotus and a black water chestnut are said to be rarer than jade watermelon. There is a coral tree on the right side of Cixi's body, and a cherry with green leaves and red fruits is wrapped around the red coral tree. A kingfisher landed on a tree, which is a natural treasure. After the treasure was placed, 4 liters of pearls and precious stones were poured out to fill the gap in the coffin. After filling, it is covered with a pearl net, on which 6000 pearls weighing 2 cents are strung. Just about to put the lid on, big princess came, uncovered the net bead quilt, and put in a set of eight horses, 18 arhats. These eight horses are all made of jade, each less than 2 inches, and their coats are different. 18 Lohan is less than 2 inches high and made of white jade. Lohan's white feet, wearing yellow shoes and red clothes and holding a red lotus flower are also natural growth. These are rare treasures.
After the death of Cixi, she put all the treasures she plundered in her life into the coffin. According to the Qing Palace archives "Chronicle of Empress Dowager", Cixi put six batches of treasures into Jinjing before her death. The picture shows the underground palace of Cixi Mausoleum.
However, what Cixi didn't expect was that it was this rare treasure that she didn't take with her when she died, which made her grave stolen, her coffin destroyed, her body abandoned and her soul restless. 1928, Sun Dianying led his men to blast Cixi's underground palace with explosives, split her coffin, and all the treasures inside were looted. It is reported that the treasures stolen from Cixi Mausoleum were either used for bribery by Sun Dianying and others, or sold, destroyed or even smuggled out of the country, and most of them are still missing.
The body of Empress Dowager Cixi was put into the coffin three times.
Cixi not only had many bizarre experiences before her death, but also had incredible experiences after her death: Cixi's body was buried in the same coffin three times in 76 years, and it is still intact.
Domineering, and then change the mausoleum system.
Tongzhi five years, Xianfeng Emperor Dingling completed. According to the Qing Dynasty, the tombs of his Empresses Ci 'an and Cixi can only be located near Dingling, and only one shopping mall can be built. At that time, it was decided to build tombs for the two queens, with coffins side by side. Cixi was very angry when she saw the throne: "There are two queens buried in the tomb, and even the concubines sleeping in the imperial garden are vouchers. Isn't this a blatant bullying of our sisters? " Ministers had to propose that Baocheng, Baoding and Underground Palace be built side by side in the backyard of the mausoleum, imitating the style of the Double Princess Garden.
Unexpectedly, Cixi forced her to ask, "Are we two dandies? Who says we don't deserve to build a mausoleum alone? " This is another time to break the mausoleum system, but who dares not listen? So Tongzhi 65438+ Tomb-Sweeping Day on the 9th day of March, 18 years old Tongzhi went to Dingling, and after paying homage to Emperor Xianfeng, he came to Pingdingshan and nearby Putuo Mountain to see Feng Shui. On June 5438+05, Pingdingshan was renamed as "Puxiangyu", which is an eternal auspicious place in Ci 'an. Bodhisattva Mountain was changed to "Bodhisattva Valley", which is an eternal auspicious place for Cixi. Shuangling started construction in August of that year and was completed in June of Guangxu five years, which took six years and cost more than five million taels of silver.
The three halls were almost demolished and rebuilt, and "super luxury" overwhelmed the Forbidden City.
The organizational system of Shuangling is the same, but after Ci 'an's death, Cixi had the opportunity to overwhelm Ci 'an. In August, Guangxu 2 1, the guardian minister of Dongling, in order to please Cixi, played on the court and said that Cixi's mausoleum was in urgent need of repair because of years of rain. Cixi appointed the trusted Prince of Qing Dynasty and Rong Lu, the minister of the Ministry of War, as contractors. As a result, all the buildings in the mausoleum have been repaired, and the main hall and the east-west attached hall have been demolished and rebuilt from the original tile-uncovering maintenance! This overhaul project is huge. By the twenty-fifth year of Guangxu, 6.5438+0.5 million yuan had been allocated, and the future funds were a bottomless mystery. In the middle, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China and stopped the project. After Cixi returned to Beijing, she came to the construction site again to see for herself. 1908 18 years 10/8 years, after 13 years of reconstruction, the project was finally completed (coincidentally, Cixi died four days later). Only three halls use 4592 Liang! The single stone in the mausoleum is carved by high relief and through carving technology, with the pattern "Dragon in the bottom, Phoenix in the top". Around Long 'en Temple, 69 white marble slabs are carved with "Phoenix attracts dragons to chase" everywhere, and 74 watchheads break the historical format of one dragon and one phoenix, all of which are "one phoenix presses two dragons", suggesting that she hangs curtains twice.
The first coffin: Cixi was buried in the coffin the day after her death in 1908.
In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), at 3 o'clock on October 22nd, Cixi finished her 74-year life journey and passed away. At 4: 30 that afternoon, the eunuch in charge of Zhang Yisi carried Cixi's body out of Yiyuan Hall in Xiyuan with a yellow auspicious sedan chair. At five o'clock, she was assigned to the palace and put back to bed.
At 8: 05 the next morning, under the reverence of Princess Jin, Cixi's body was buried in the coffin. In the year of Xuantongyuan (1909), on the fourth day of October, Cixi's son Gong was buried in Ding Dong Mausoleum Palace in Putuo Valley.
The second time I entered the coffin: 1928 was dumped by grave robbers and covered with white hair.
The treasure in Cixi's coffin is worth 50 million taels of silver, the highest in the world.
How many treasures are buried with Cixi? His confidant eunuch Li personally attended the treasure burial ceremony of Cixi. According to "Notes on Love Moon Xuan" written by him and his nephew, before Cixi's body entered the coffin, there were three layers of gold beads and a layer of pearls at the bottom of the coffin, which was one foot thick. The head is a green lotus leaf; Pink tourmaline lotus under your feet. Wearing a pearl rockhopper, the largest pearl on the crown is as big as an egg, and its value is 65438+ 1 100 million taels of silver. There are 27 Buddha statues carved with gold, precious stones, jade and jade beside him. Jade watermelons, melons, cabbages and peaches, plums, apricots and dates made of more than 200 precious stones are placed on both sides of the foot. Put a Yu Lian on the left and a jade coral tree on the right. There are also 8 jade horses, 18 arhats, totaling more than 700 pieces. After the funeral, four liters of pearls and 2200 precious stones were poured into the coffin.
A coffin full of treasure, gathered together, is naturally a catastrophe. Only 20 years after she closed her eyes, another robber just like her reached out to her, destroyed her coffin and dumped her body.
20 years after Cixi's death, that is, from July 4th, 1928 to July 10th 10. Sun Dianying, a warlord, stole the Yuling Mausoleum and Cixi Mausoleum of Emperor Qianlong, destroyed coffins and abandoned bodies, and robbed all the buried treasures. Cixi's body was thrown out of the coffin, the orb in her mouth was taken out, her coat was stripped off, and only a pair of underwear was left under her.
After the theft, Puyi sent Zaize, Chennian, Baoxi and others to Dongling to rebury Cixi's body. Zaize and others got into the underground palace and saw the body of Cixi lying on the coffin cover, with her head facing north, her feet facing south and her left hand on her back. In the underground palace, the body has been exposed for more than 40 days, and many spots have appeared on the body, covered with white hair.
Zaize and others saw that the inner coffin was still intact and could continue to be used, so they ordered Mrs. Qi to cover Cixi's body with a piece of yellow silk, spread a yellow satin mattress on one side of the body, and then slowly turned the body over, just lying on the yellow satin mattress. I saw Cixi's face was pale, her eyes were sunken, her cheekbones were towering, and her lips were scarred. Everyone helped, and Cixi's body was carried into the coffin with the wishful board, but the wishful board was not removed. She was covered with a yellow satin quilt, and the nails and lost teeth cut by Cixi from the underground palace were wrapped in yellow satin and placed on the quilt. Zaize also covered the quilt with a yellow satin robe and vest, covered the coffin lid, and sealed the coffin mouth with paint, thus completing the heavy burial.