"Myanmar is a major supplier of jade carvings and jadeites in the world. In addition, there are also a few jadeite deposits in central Kazakhstan, coastal mountainous areas of California, Guatemala, Mexico and Honshu, Japan, but the quality is far less than that of Burmese jadeite. Therefore, Myanmar has become the only country that produces high-grade and commercial jadeite.
The common knowledge of jadeite lovers is that there are jadeites in Meng Gong, Pagang, Nanqi, Xiangdong and Huika in northern Myanmar, but experts report that the best jadeite in the world is produced in the Longken jadeite mining area in Myanmar, which is located in the northwest of Myanmar, 0/36 km northwest of Myitkyina and 65,446 km northwest of Meng Gong. The area producing high-quality jadeite is 70km long and 20km wide, with an area of about1400km2. At present, there are three jade mining camps, including one primary mine and two impact placers, and the jade mineral processing office is located in Long Jun.
Headquartered in Longken, Myanmar's state-owned gem enterprise mines about 500 tons of jadeite gravel every year, all of which are sent to Yangon for processing. The transportation route is: take a bus from Longken to Meng Gong, and then take a train from Meng Gong to Yangon. The jade deposit was discovered in Meng Gong area, that is, in the upper reaches of Wulong River (Lu Wu River) in 187 1 year. Most citizens are engaged in jade mining, processing and jewelry making. In addition, the high-quality jadeite in Longken area is distributed here, so it has the reputation of "the hometown of jade", and because of its geographical location, Longken area is not as good as Bangladesh.
The formation of jadeite jade is formed in a long-term medium-low temperature environment and extremely high pressure. After a large number of simulation experiments in the laboratory, scientists pointed out that jadeite is at the temperature of 10000 atmospheric pressure and 200 ~ 300-size: 13.5pt ">:. We know that the deeper the earth is from the surface to the center of the earth, the higher the temperature and the greater the pressure. Since jadeite is formed under the conditions of low temperature and high pressure, it is certainly impossible to form a deeper part with the earth, so how can it meet the conditions of high pressure? From the geophysical point of view, such a high pressure is caused by the squeezing pressure caused by crustal movement. Experts have found that all places where jadeite deposits are distributed are areas with strong crustal movement. This is one of the conditions for the formation of jade. Another factor is that there are intermediate-basic rocks containing albite (NaAISi3O8) where jadeite is found. Therefore, some geologists believe that jadeite is formed by desilication of albite-bearing rocks at medium-low temperature and high pressure.
According to experts' reports, there are jadeite resources with economic value and exploitation prospect in Itmulund-Qiuerkulam area of Kazakhstan, but there are many jadeites with good texture, size and color in this area, which need further exploration. At present, the jadeite produced in Kazakhstan is rarely seen in the markets in a few northern areas, but its quality grade is only in the middle range at most. No high-quality jadeite has been found in this country, at least not yet.
In addition, there are historical records in China: Jade was produced in Yunnan Province. In recent years, some jade lovers mentioned in their articles that "there are jade products in Yunnan Province, China". However, after long-term exploration and exploration by the geological department, the origin of jadeite has not been found in Yunnan Province. How do you explain this? According to gemologists' research, this is because some jadeite producing areas in Myanmar once belonged to Yongchang, Yunnan, China. So it is true that the world's high-quality jadeite is produced in Myanmar.
The so-called "positive color" and "partial color" are a common standard for jade color classification and color grade in jade industry. Green and red are regarded as positive colors in the jade business circle. All jadeites with noble value and reaching the gem level are required to have positive color or positive color, and have the characteristics of rich, pure, bright and uniform, that is, "strong, positive, positive and uniform".
All six emeralds are positive green.
There are all kinds of greens in jadeite, that is to say, there are many kinds of greens, but only the following six kinds of greens are called positive greens by the jadeite industry:
(1) Brilliant green: dark positive green without yellow tone or other tones, commonly known as high green or royal green. Emerald of this color has the highest value in the market. It makes people feel noble, solemn and generous.
(2) Apple Green: Yellow is invisible to the naked eye, but its green actually contains a little yellow tone, which is slightly deviated from the yellow tone. It gives people a feeling of vitality.
(3) Mabel Miao: The naked eye can observe that there is a little yellow in the green, just like the light green when the seedlings turn green in spring. It gives people a refreshing and vibrant feeling.
(4) Emerald: bright dark green with a slight yellow tone, giving people a pleasing and prosperous feeling. (5) Pretty green: Positive green with moderate depth gives people the feeling of elegance and beauty.
(6) boxwood green: the lighter green is yellowish, giving people a relaxed and elegant feeling.
Three emeralds are red.
There are three true colors of red:
(1) Bright red: bright red with a slight yellow, symbolizing wealth, happiness and good luck.
(2) Orange-red: The mixed color of red and yellow symbolizes happiness, harvest and abundance.
(3) beeswax red: it is a mixed color of red, yellow and white, symbolizing elegance, tranquility and comfort.
colour cast
Other green, red and other colors (grayish blue, yellow, white, black, etc. ) Except for the green and red mentioned above, they are both partial colors. Color cast tends to be blue, black, yellow and other color segments in chromatography. Such as blue-green, gray-green, melon skin green, crimson, brownish red, brownish red, there are many jadeites of these colors in the market, and their value is not high. In addition, for purple, the traditional jade industry regards it as a color cast. However, in recent 20 years, the value of purple, especially violet (commonly known as "spring"), has attracted people's attention and become a color variety with a value second only to green.
High-grade jade green and full of tension. Moisturizing than jadeite, introverted than chrysoprase, and pure than olivine.
Jade, although we are familiar with it, is it a gem or jade? Some people may not understand. Jade, also known as jadeite, has dual characteristics. Since it is called a gem, it can be included in the five precious gems. Also known as jade, it is the king of jade. In the eyes of westerners, jade is mysterious and ethereal, and it is an incredible oriental treasure. Moreover, regional differences have formed a contrast between culture, art and aesthetic taste. As a gem, jadeite is favored in Southeast Asia, especially in the Chinese world. The reason is closely related to the oriental character of advocating peace, harmony and tolerance. Green is a stable, soft, energetic and harmonious color.
The profound connotation of jade culture endows jade with extraordinary charm. Specific geological conditions constitute the humanistic connotation of jadeite jade culture, bearing the vein of jade and precious stones; So we can see two characteristics from its basic characteristics. Jadeite is a mineral object with many fiber crystals densely intertwined, mainly jadeite. Its hardness is 6.5-7, its color includes almost all natural colors, and its density is 3.30-3.34. At the same time, it also has a typical feature that other gems don't have-emerald. The so-called emerald is a kind of flaky flash with uneven size that can be carefully seen by naked eyes or with a magnifying glass, commonly known as "flying wing", and the small flake is called ofloxacin; The texture of jadeite varies greatly, and its luster ranges from glassy to oily and sub-oily. The texture is translucent-sub-transparent-opaque. From physical structure to hardness, color analysis basically conforms to the characteristics of jade. However, due to its unique emerald and dense structure. The bright colors and translucent crystals of glass conform to the important characteristics of precious stones, so we can say that jade is a kind of precious stones in a broad sense, and it can also be called jade (jade, jadeite, Burmese jade) from the unique aesthetic habits and technological characteristics of orientals.
The greenness of jadeite, that is, green, is the most important quality evaluation parameter. In addition to high texture (base and species), high-quality jadeite must be thick, positive, sunny, beautiful and even in color. High-grade jadeite is green and full of tension. It is more moist than emerald, more restrained than chrysotile, and purer than olivine. Its moisture, saturation and purity make other gems look pale. Deep and unobtrusive, calm and not noisy; According to its value, ordinary high-grade materials are processed into rings, pendants and bracelets. Low-middle grade suitable for ornaments or other miscellaneous items; To a certain extent, it inherits the extensive and profound craft ornaments of the Chinese nation, which are closely related to folk customs, customs and concepts. The subject matter is extremely complex and involves a wide range. It is unique in the production process and has formed independent industry rules and practices in business; Usually some gems are priced in grams or carats. Jade should be comprehensively measured and evaluated from the aspects of color, texture, perfection, carving and conception. As the saying goes, "Gold is valuable, jade is priceless". The "jade is priceless" here cannot be misinterpreted as an impossible price, nor can it be mistaken for an infinite price, but it is a standard that is difficult to define accurately, that is, there is often a certain gap between the valuation of jade by merchants and professionals in the industry, but it cannot be used as a scam to make huge profits.
Jade is also called Burmese jade. It was once popular in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Myanmar jadeite is known as the "king of jade" because of its high hardness, good texture, strong toughness, bright and bright ground, bright and peaceful color and high preservation and collection value. It is loved by many people who love and wear jade. There is a lot of knowledge about how to choose the best Burmese jadeite.
Jade is also called Burmese jade. It was once popular in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Myanmar jadeite is known as the "king of jade" because of its high hardness, good texture, strong toughness, bright and bright ground, bright and peaceful color and high preservation and collection value. It is loved by many people who love and wear jade. There is a lot of knowledge about how to choose the best Burmese jadeite.
No matter from the perspective of mineral resources or mining volume in Myanmar, good jadeite is limited. At present, the types of Burmese jade popular in the market are classified according to their authenticity. There are mainly the following four categories.
A goods:
Commodities are both natural textures and natural colors. Among them, Mabel Miao, spinach green, scarlet or purple Roland are more common. Under the naked eye light, the texture is delicate, the color is soft and the stone lines are obvious; Slight impact, crisp and pleasant voice; Holding it in your hand has a heavy feeling, which is obviously different from other parts of the stone.
B goods:
Emerald with black spots is soaked in strong acid, corroded, impurities are removed to increase transparency, and then epoxy resin or substitute filler is injected into microcracks caused by strong acid corrosion with high pressure. At first glance, the color of B goods is good. Look carefully, the color is in a daze. When you look under the lamp, the transparency of the color decreases. After two years, it will lose its luster, be full of cracks and become ugly. Slight impact, muffled sound, no crisp sound of A goods.
C goods:
Completely hand-painted. The color is wrong. If you look closely under the lamp, the color is filled in the cracks of minerals, which are distributed in a network and have no color roots. Observing with Charles filter, green turns red or colorless. Wipe with strong fading spirit, the surface color can be removed or turned brown.
D goods:
Fake jade ornaments are divided into jade, green glass and green plastic. As jade, jadeite has low hardness, low density and weak luster. The substitutes made of green glass and green plastic are mostly dull and ugly, and their luster is very weak. The relative density is very light, the hardness is low, and there is no cold feeling.
Experts say that the transparency of jadeite is one kind, and planting well means high transparency. Some jadeites are bright and beautiful, but their transparency is poor. This kind of jadeite is colorless, so its value will not be very high. Because of the poor transparency, when the light hits its surface, it can't penetrate, but can only be reflected from the surface, and its green color can't be released through the light, which makes people feel that the color of this jade is rigid.
Good jadeite must be excellent in color and species.
What is Fu Lushou?
The color of jadeite is rich and colorful. In particular, there may be several colors on a piece of jade at the same time. If the same jade has green, red and purple, this jade is considered as a very auspicious symbol. On behalf of Fu Lushou and Sanxi.
Especially the three colors can be evenly distributed on the bracelet, which is even more rare. If it is colored, it will be valuable.
What is water head?
Shuitou is an expert's word, which refers to the transparency of jadeite. Experts call it a long head, on the contrary, the poor transparency is called a short head.
You must be very careful when observing the head of jadeite, because the transparency is related to the thickness of jadeite itself. Be especially careful that some jadeite products are hollowed out in the middle, because the hollowed-out jadeite is relatively thin and has much better light transmission performance. It seems that the head has grown a lot.
Relatively speaking, the higher the transparency, the better the jadeite, and of course the more expensive it is.
The germplasm of the glass saddle is transparent, indicating that the water head is sufficient.
What do you mean, Di Zi?
When we talk about jadeite germplasm, we often mention the species of jadeite seeds. The ground is also called the foundation, or "ground" for short, or "bottom", which refers to the basic part of jade except the green part, called the ground, which means the background color. The common ground is as follows.
Glass floor: white or other colors, as transparent and bright as glass.
Ice land: land that is slightly opaque than glass land, but as clear as ice.
Lotus root powder land: translucent land, the same color as cooked lotus root powder, often with some pink or purple.
Bean green land: opaque, yellow-green land. Generally, the grain is coarse and the texture is rough.
Porcelain floor: opaque, white, imitation porcelain floor, poor texture.
Oily land: translucent to transparent, gray-blue-green, although fine in texture, but dull in color is also inferior land.
Structure of jadeite
The transparency, water head, type, foundation and texture of jadeite are actually more than one word. Are used to describe the quality of jade texture, experts use species and foundation to express, ordinary people use transparency to express.
Common varieties of jadeite texture are:
1, glass mill: glass mill means that the structure of jadeite is very delicate, transparent and translucent, just like glass. The transparency of jadeite is measured by naked eyes, which is generally expressed by "water head", that is, jadeite with a moisture content of 3mm is translucent; The dichotomy of water means that 6mm thick jadeite is translucent.
2, ice land: refers to the jade structure is delicate, translucent, like ice.
3. Egg Greenland: It is a kind of turbid glass ground.
4. Oil green land: refers to the main background color of Laokeng jadeite, with fine texture and dark color, such as oil cyan, egg cyan and blue cyan.
5. Dry land: the texture is rough and opaque. Some people describe it like a goldfish in a fish tank, and the dried fish is dead. Jade has no water, and green is dead.
The above texture, with glass floor as the best, is arranged in turn. '