For example, two 28-cm-long fish-shaped ornaments made of turquoise were unearthed at Yangshao Cultural Site in Dahe Village, Zhengzhou, Henan Province (4400-6500 years ago). A large turquoise dragon was unearthed from Erlitou site in Yanshi, Henan Province. This turquoise dragon has grown up, with a huge curly tail, a curved dragon body and gorgeous colors. The length of the dragon is 64.5 cm, and the widest part in the middle is 4 cm. Turquoise ornaments, including beads, pendants, fish pendants and owl ornaments, have been found in the site of Hongshan Culture in Northeast China and the Liaohe River Basin, such as Guojiawan in Dalian, Donggou in Dandong, Dongzui in Xizuo, Hutougou in Fuxin and Hexigten Banner in Inner Mongolia.
Why is turquoise so popular? Look at its history and you will know that turquoise, a colorful gem, has been deeply loved by people since ancient times.
In the history of ancient Persia, turquoise was regarded as a mysterious thing to ward off evil spirits and made into amulets. Turquoise ornaments were found in many ancient Persian tombs.
The ancient Egyptians also carved the goddess of love with turquoise to protect their treasures. Four gold bracelets inlaid with turquoise were found on the mummy arm of the queen of ancient Egypt more than 5,000 years ago. When unearthed in 1900, the ornaments were still dazzling, which was really rare in the world. It is considered as the oldest and most precious turquoise product. A large number of turquoise inlays were used on the gold mask of the famous King Tutankhamun in ancient Egypt.
Ancient Indians regarded turquoise as sacred stone. They believe that wearing turquoise ornaments can be protected by the gods, which also symbolizes "trust and trust" and can bring good luck and good luck to the expedition. It is called the stone of success and luck. They think that the blue-green color of turquoise comes from the sky, which is the source of air. Therefore, they believe that wearing turquoise is good for the lungs and respiratory system, good for the eyes, and can also block the damage of cosmic rays.
In ancient China, turquoise has always been a favorite and often worn gem by nobles. It is also a gem that Tibetans believe can carry people's souls. Almost everyone in Tibet wears turquoise.
Ancient History of Turquoise in Shiyan, Hubei: Turquoise is produced in China and northwest Hubei, and was called Jingzhou Stone or Xiangyang Dianzi in ancient times.
Hubei turquoise is famous at home and abroad for its large output and excellent quality. Mainly distributed in Yunxian, Zhushan and Yunxi in northwest Hubei. The mine is located in the western end of Wudang Mountain and some areas south of Hanshui River. Turquoise is one of the "four famous jade" in China. Since the Neolithic Age, there have been many turquoise products in cultural relics, which are traditional jade articles with a long history and rich resources.
The ancients called it "Bidianzi" and "Qinglanggan", while Europeans called it "Turkic Jade" or "Turkic Jade". Turquoise is not produced in Turkey. It is believed that turquoise was produced in ancient Persia and transported to Europe via Turkey. People think it is produced in Turkey, hence its name.
1927 Mr. Zhang, an old-timer in China's geological field, explained in his masterpiece Cliff: "This (turquoise) is named because it looks like a pine cone and its color is close to pine green", which means that turquoise is called "turquoise" because its natural products are often nodular and spherical, and its color is like the green of pine trees. It can be said that it is very vivid, and it can also be called "Songshi" for short.
According to experts' research, the famous Heshibi in the history of China is made of turquoise. This piece is directly related to idiom stories such as "priceless" and "returning to Zhao in perfect condition". If it is really turquoise, it can be seen that the ancients cherish turquoise.
Legend has it that in the land of Zhushan County, Shang Yong, there is a myth that Zhu Rong, the god of fire, and Shuishen always work together at odds. In a PK, the defeated workers smashed the pillars of Beitianmen because of their face, and the rainstorm fell from the sky. In addition, many volcanoes erupted on the surface, and the cooled magma blocked the riverbed, forming a "river blockage". In order to save the people from fire and water, Nu Wa Niangniang collected Artemisia as fuel and piled it on the "burning slope", collecting the gas of Danyang to refine colored stones, making up the leaks in the sky and bringing everything back to life.
Later, the allusion of "* * * workers touching the mountain" became the origin of the place name of "Zhushan" (the dialect "touch" is homophonic with "bamboo"). This river blocking in Qinba Mountain is called river blocking, and the colorful stones that Nu Wa used to fill the sky have been refined to form the present turquoise. Nu Wa, the goddess of mending heaven, is related to Zhushan culture: the geological environment of Zhushan is fragile, and two fault zones, Qingfeng and Yangriwan, cross the county. It is said that volcanoes, earthquakes and floods frequently block rivers, making it difficult for ancestors to survive in dire straits; In shadow play, folk songs, paper-cuts, folk stories and other folk cultures 10, the shadow of "Nu Wa" can be heard or seen everywhere. There are more than 30 place names related to Nuwa's activities. The multicolored (yellow, white, red, black and green) stones used in "Goddess Mending Heaven" correspond to the colors of rich mineral deposits such as gold (copper), silver, iron, stone coal and turquoise in the county. There are more than 0 kinds of classics 10, such as Historical Records of Five Emperors, Records of Different Records, Kangxi Dictionary, etc., which proves that Zhushan is a sacred place for Nu Wa to refine stones and make up the sky.
How old is the history of turquoise? Turquoise is one of the ancient gems, with a glorious history of thousands of years, which is deeply loved by people at home and abroad.
Before 5500 AD, ancient Egypt mined turquoise in Sinai Peninsula. In the first dynasty, the king of Egypt sent a well-organized labor force of 2,000 to 3,000 people, accompanied by military guards, to find and mine turquoise. Archaeologists found that as early as 5500 BC, the king of Egypt had already worn turquoise beads when excavating Egyptian tombs.
1927, Mr. Zhang, an old-timer in China's geological field, explained in his masterpiece Cliff: "This (turquoise) is named because it looks like a pine cone and its color is close to pine green", which means that turquoise is called "turquoise" because its natural output is often nodular and spherical, and its color is like the green of pine trees. It can be said that it is very vivid, and it can also be called "Songshi" for short.
According to experts' research, the famous Heshibi in the history of China is made of turquoise. This piece is directly related to idiom stories such as "priceless" and "returning to Zhao in perfect condition". If it is really turquoise, it can be seen that the ancients cherish turquoise.
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How is turquoise defined? Also called turquoise, it is called Turkish jade abroad. Turquoise has a long history in China. It was widely used from the Neolithic Age to the Qing Dynasty, and there were also many turquoise products in historical relics.
For example, 20 turquoise beads dating from 3800 years ago were unearthed in Yongjing, Gansu. The chemical composition of turquoise is basic phosphate of copper and aluminum.
Some turquoise has spherulite, banded, grape-like structure and timely particles. Soft, the softer the turquoise, the larger the pore, including 18%? 20% adsorbed water and structured water.
Turquoise is opaque, and some turquoise flakes can transmit light, which is a defective product with a large amount of time. Turquoise is delicate in texture, soft in luster, striking and bright in color from sea blue to green.
This is because copper participates in the composition of turquoise, and its appearance is bright sky blue (copper sulfate color) and green (copper rust green). In addition, the existence of iron oxides also has a great influence on the color of turquoise.
Turquoise in China is produced in Yunxian, Yunxi and Zhushan counties in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, and the largest turquoise mine is located in Yungai Mountain in Yunxian County. The output of turquoise is mostly small pieces, generally below 50 grams, and large pieces are rare.
Turquoise with hard quality, blue color, large block and waxy luster is the best. According to hardness and color, turquoise can be generally divided into four varieties: porcelain pine, green pine, flour pine and iron pine.
The best turquoise is porcelain pine, followed by green pine, wire pine and surface pine. Porcelain pine is the hardest turquoise with a hardness of 5.
5? 6 degrees, because the luster and texture after polishing are similar to porcelain, hence the name. Usually the color of porcelain pine is pure sky blue, which is the top grade of turquoise.
Pine, hardness is slightly lower than porcelain pine, hardness is 4. 5? 5。
5 degrees, the color varies from blue-green to bean green, slightly softer than porcelain pine, and of medium quality. Iron pine is a kind of turquoise with black turtle back, net or vein. The wire is slender and hard, and it blends with turquoise, which is very beautiful.
Among them, the spider-patterned turquoise is the best, and the mud-line turquoise has no use value. Face pine, also known as foam pine, has a hardness of 4.
Below 5 degrees, the color varies from light blue to moonlight, and the texture is soft and loose, which can be carved with a knife. It is the turquoise with the worst quality, and only large pieces have use value.
Ancient History of Turquoise in Shiyan, Hubei: Turquoise is produced in China and northwest Hubei, and was called Jingzhou Stone or Xiangyang Dianzi in ancient times. Hubei turquoise is famous at home and abroad for its large output and excellent quality. Mainly distributed in Yunxian, Zhushan and Yunxi in northwest Hubei. The mine is located in the western end of Wudang Mountain and some areas south of Hanshui River.
Turquoise is one of the "four famous jade" in China. Since the Neolithic Age, there have been many turquoise products in cultural relics, which is a traditional jade with a long history and rich resources. The ancients called it "Bidianzi" and "Qinglanggan", while Europeans called it "Turkic Jade" or "Turkic Jade". Turquoise is not produced in Turkey. It is believed that turquoise was produced in ancient Persia and transported to Europe via Turkey.
Europe, named after people think it is produced in Turkey. 1927 Mr. Zhang, an old-timer in China's geological field, explained in his masterpiece Cliff: "This (turquoise) is named because it looks like a pine cone and its color is close to pine green", which means that turquoise is called "turquoise" because its natural products are often nodular and spherical, and its color is like the green of pine trees. It can be said that it is very vivid, and it can also be called "Songshi" for short. According to experts' research, the famous Heshibi in the history of China is made of turquoise. This piece is directly related to idiom stories such as "priceless" and "returning to Zhao in perfect condition". If it is really turquoise, it can be seen that the ancients cherish turquoise.
One legend is that ...
In the land of Zhushan County, Shang Yong, there is a myth that Zhu Rong, the Vulcan God, and Shuishen have never worked in harmony. In a PK, the defeated workers smashed the pillars of Beitianmen because of their face, and the rainstorm fell from the sky. In addition, many volcanoes erupted on the surface, and the cooled magma blocked the riverbed, forming a "river blockage". In order to save the people from fire and water, Nu Wa Niangniang collected Artemisia as fuel and piled it on the "burning slope", collecting the gas of Danyang to refine colored stones, making up the leaks in the sky and bringing everything back to life. Later, the allusion of "* * * workers touching the mountain" became the origin of the place name of "Zhushan" (the dialect "touch" is homophonic with "bamboo"). This river blocking in Qinba Mountain is called river blocking, and the colorful stones that Nu Wa used to fill the sky have been refined to form the present turquoise. Nvwa Patches up the Sky
Nu Wa is related to Zhushan culture: the geological environment of Zhushan is fragile, and two fault zones, Qingfeng and Yangriwan, cross the county. It is said that volcanoes, earthquakes and floods frequently block rivers, making it difficult for ancestors to survive in dire straits; In shadow play, folk songs, paper-cuts, folk stories and other folk cultures 10, the shadow of "Nu Wa" can be heard or seen everywhere. There are more than 30 place names related to Nuwa's activities. The multicolored (yellow, white, red, black and green) stones used in "Goddess Mending Heaven" correspond to the colors of rich mineral deposits such as gold (copper), silver, iron, stone coal and turquoise in the county. There are more than 0 kinds of ancient books 10, such as Historical Records of the Five Emperors, Records of Different Records, Kangxi Dictionary, etc., which proves that Zhushan is a sacred place for Nuwa to refine stones and mend the sky. ...
What is the definition of turquoise? It can also be called "turquoise" for short. The ancients called it "Bidianzi" and "Qingqixuan". It is a traditional jade with a long history and rich resources, and is listed as one of the "Four Famous Jade" in China.
Turquoise symbolizes success and victory among the world's jewels and jade, and is designated as the birthstone of 65438+February. Mr. Zhang, an old-timer in China's geological field, explained in his famous work "Cliff": "This (turquoise) is shaped like a pine ball, and its color is near pine green, hence the name."
Turquoise is formed by precipitation in cracks after copper-bearing surface water reacts with minerals or rocks containing aluminum and phosphorus, and belongs to monoclinic system. Crystal morphology is dense aphanitic * * * body, sometimes shell-shaped, nodular, single crystal is extremely rare.
The colors are mostly sky blue, light blue, green blue, green and light green white. It is glassy to oily, with white stripes and opacity.
Mohs hardness is 5-6, and density is 2.6g/cm3-2.9g/cm3.
What is turquoise like in history? Turquoise does not appear as the main decorative material, and it rarely appears in tombs and documents.
But turquoise is still very popular with people, especially in the ornaments of nomadic people, and it is very common in the ruins of the capital city and Erlitou in the late Xia Dynasty. Thousands of turquoise pieces have been unearthed, and quite a few of them have traces of cutting, headdress and necklace. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was used to distinguish between noble and noble, and the decorative forms were diverse.
There are many small animal carvings with auspicious themes unearthed from Han tombs. Besides amber, turquoise carvings are also common. After the Tang Dynasty, the use of turquoise beads was also found in the group ornaments of the Ming Dynasty.
Turquoise beads used to connect components are usually abacus beads and tube beads, which are similar in shape and technology to turquoise beads unearthed in Yin Ruins.