You can see the sun 24 hours a day. The reasons for Britain's development and growth. It is inseparable from the cruel plunder of colonies around the world. The establishment and development of that "east India company" illustrate this problem well.
The East India Company was established on 1600. At first, the British mainly used the East India Company to do business. Slowly, the East India Company became a tool for British colonists to invade India. 16 13, Britain set up a trading post in Sutela, western India, and soon established a commercial pavilion in Madras, southeastern India. 1698, the East India Company bought Kolkata, the Ganges port in the Bay of Bengal, from the Mughal government of India. Although the village in Calcutta is small, it plays a very important role. There are abundant rice and jute around, criss-crossing rivers and endless plains. The East India Company has set up a trade headquarters here, and has been continuously transporting Indian grain and industrial raw materials back to Britain, from which it has made great profits.
Because the East India Company became more and more powerful, it gradually occupied Madras, Calcutta and Mumbai, another city mentioned above. They established three districts here, each under the jurisdiction of a governor, and turned these places into bases for further occupation of other parts of India.
Britain's plunder in India will inevitably cause dissatisfaction among the Indian people. Therefore, in order to invade other areas more smoothly, the British East India Company built a huge fortress in Calcutta, which was full of heavily armed British soldiers. These British troops also actively trained Indians to help them fight.
The East India Company, which was originally a commercial company, made the Indian people very dissatisfied just because of economic plunder. At this time, they established an army again, and the Indian government naturally intervened.
1756, Navvab of Bangladesh protested to the East India Company, demanding that they dismantle the fortress in Kolkata. The British simply ignored it. Navvab was very angry and sent troops to drive away the British and recapture Calcutta. This began the famous "Seven Years' War" between Britain and India in history.
At this time, because the British government granted the East India Company various powers, such as the right to monopolize trade, the right to train the army, the right to declare war and make peace, and the right to set up a court to try its own or colonial residents, it can be seen that the East India Company actually became the agent of the British government's aggression against India.
So, when the Indians recovered Kolkata, Robert Robert Clive, commander-in-chief of the East India Company, hurriedly called officials to Madras to discuss countermeasures.
"How can the British Empire tolerate such insults? Do it! " An official in military uniform suggested to Robert Robert Clive.
"Slow down! I think we should make full preparations before making a decision. " A government official said.
"What? The locals bullied us. What else should we prepare? The army of the British Empire is invincible and nothing.
Nothing can be prepared. "The soldier squinted at the speaker with his eyes and said discontentedly.
"Commander," the government official continued slowly to Robert Clive, seemingly unaware of the soldier's words, "please listen.
Let me explain my reasons. First, Navvab has 70,000 troops, while we only have 900, plus those who have been trained by us.
Indian soldiers, but also 290 thousand people, once the fight, I am afraid it is not difficult to judge the outcome. Second, we are far from home,
After the war, I'm afraid the supply of materials is very problematic. It will take more than two months for ships from England to get here. Third, printing.
German and French support. Ask the commander to consider these three points. "
Hearing this, Robert Robert Clive glanced at the soldiers, who were glaring at the government officials. Robert Robert Clive looked at it again.
Government officials, government officials sat down silently. Robert Robert Clive smiled cunningly and said to everyone:
"Ladies and gentlemen, both have good opinions. I have decided to go to war with India, but ... "Then he went to that.
A government official whispered a few words to him.
The next day, government officials, with several entourage, gave many precious gifts to the main officials of Navvab. It turned out that he
They're bribing Navvab's subordinate officers!
1757 1, Robert Robert Clive led the troops to land at the mouth of the Ganges River, and after a brief fierce battle, he reoccupied Kolkata.
In June, Navvab sent 70,000 troops to fight 900 British troops in Robert Robert Clive Plaset. British soldiers face powerful
The Indian army has long been frightened and won the first battle. However, they bought off many Indian troops with a lot of money and jewels.
Officer, so that the Indian army retreated, then the British army quickly pursued, the Indian army scattered and fled, and even Nafwab was killed by the British army.
The British army took advantage of the momentum and marched straight into the Bangladesh treasury, which opened the door to the national treasury at that time. When they saw Man Ku's gold, silver and jewels.
"Catch it!" The British army suddenly rushed to every corner of the national treasury like open water.
The national treasury was empty, but the British soldiers returned with a full load.
A few years later, when Robert Robert Clive presented the robbery to parliament, he said with great regret, "I was so stupid, I was surrounded."
It's gold and silver jewelry, boxes of gold bars and bags of various gems. But I only took 200,000 pounds! "
According to incomplete statistics, the library in Bangladesh was robbed, and the gold, silver and jewels taken away by the British army were worth 37 million pounds, of which
Excluding those who are pocketed by individuals, for example, the total value of personal plunder by employees of the East India Company is 2,654,380,000. Hiromoto
The total value of these two items is 58 million pounds.
After this battle, the British army defeated the French army again, and occupied Bangladesh alone from then on, and appointed pro-British Indians as laborers.
Navvab。
1767, the British parliament passed the east India company management act, which stipulated the reform of the former governor of Calcutta.
As a governor, he was directly appointed by the state, and his task was to manage all Indian territories under British occupation on behalf of the British government.
At this point, the British government began to rule India directly.
After that, Britain continued to occupy other parts of India, 1774, and occupied the Oder River, 1799. After continuous.
After 23 years of war, Britain occupied Mysore, a powerful feudal country in southern India. Or 1849
Occupied Punjab province in northwestern India. Since then, Britain has completely occupied India, and India has become a British colony.
So, why can the East India Company annex India step by step and firmly control India?
It can be said that the secret of British rule over India lies in the word "divide and rule". India is a big country in South Asia, from 1.
At the beginning of the 6th century, the British Empire began to rule India. On the surface, India is a unified and huge empire. In fact,
India has never achieved reunification. Not only did feudal kingdoms struggle with each other, but there were also contradictions within the central government. At the same time, they didn't
Be invaded by foreign forces. So the national strength is very weak. Coupled with the traditional caste system, all social strata are contradictory.
Very sharp. In this case, Britain successfully entered India. After the British colonists occupied India, they made full use of India.
Various contradictions at home make "Indians hit Indians" and make profits. For example, at the end of 18, the East India Company incited
The Hindu feudal princes attacked Mysore and Islam, and later instigated the princes of Hyderabad to attack Mara and provoke Mara.
After the relationship between princes and princes caused great confusion, the East India Company came forward to clean up the mess and then set up its own colony.
Sovereignty.
The East India Company also trained mercenaries, ostensibly owned by Indian feudal princes, but these feudal kings
Public services are "protected" by the East India Company. In fact, this unit serves the British. It was commanded by European officers,
It played an extremely important role in the process of British occupation of India. It can be said that Britain could not have conquered it without this mercenary.
India.
The East India Company frantically colonized and plundered India. In addition to the robbery of the Bangladesh library mentioned above, it fell at 1799.
When Mysore was the capital, he robbed a royal treasure worth 6.5438+0.5 million pounds.
Another plundering method of Britain in India through the East India Company is to monopolize the opium, salt and tobacco trade. Among them, crows
Film revenue accounts for about one-seventh of the company's total revenue. They forced Bangladeshi farmers to grow opium and smuggled it to China for sale.
Make huge profits from it.
Because of the brutal plunder and oppression of the Indian people by the East India Company, the Indian people suffered endless disasters, only 1770.
1994 During the great famine in Bangladesh, people starved to death100000, accounting for one third of Bangladesh's population.
From the 1960s of 18, the East India Company began to decline. 1767, the company is unable to pay the British government.
The government has given the government a loan of 400,000 pounds, and the financial crisis is getting worse and worse. 18 13, East India Company
The Indian trade monopoly was abolished. 1833, the British government abolished the trade monopoly on China. In this way,
The East India Company had to go bankrupt.
The bankruptcy of the East India Company is not accidental for three reasons: First, corruption and smuggling among the company's employees are rampant, which makes the company always
Income plummeted. Secondly, due to the company's extortion of the Indian people, the Indian people have been uprising. The company will crack down
Yi, you need a lot of money. This forms a vicious circle, which keeps the company in crisis. Third, the East India Company.
It is the representative of commercial monopoly capital. Industrial capital has developed rapidly in Britain, and commercial capital has gradually lost its former position.
A little. This is also the main reason for the company's bankruptcy.
1858, the East India Company was officially cancelled by the British government, and the British government began to rule India directly. East India public
The company is like an aging old man. When it accumulated enough wealth for Britain in a lifetime, it was kicked away.