The first pair of feet are hooked and sharp, and there are poisonous gland mouths at the hook ends, which are generally called palatal teeth, claws or poisonous limbs, and can discharge poisonous juice. After a centipede is bitten, its venom gland secretes a large amount of venom, which is injected into the skin of the bitten person along the mouth of the venom gland of the palatine tooth, causing poisoning. The general length is between 1.5 mm and 34 mm.
Medicinal centipede is a large lipped polypod with only 2/kloc-0 pairs of walking feet and/kloc-0 pairs of jaw feet. Money first "money first" is also a centipede, with only 15 pairs of walking feet and 1 pairs of jaw feet; "Stone centipede" has only 15 feet. Some centipedes have much shorter feet, including 35 pairs, 45 pairs, and the most is 173 pairs.
Medicinal name: centipede
Nicknames: Tianlong, Bai Jiao, martial arts, money first.
Origin: Centipede is a carnivore with flat long arthropods, and each arthropod has a pair of feet. Since Silurian, there are still 2800 species. Like arthropods, it is famous for arthropods.
[drug]
It is the whole body of centipede, a giant centipede with few spines in centipede family. Produced in Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan and other places.
In spring and summer, insert bamboo pieces with two sharp ends into the head and tail, tie them tightly and dry them, or blanch them with boiling water, dry them in the sun and eat them raw.
[Medicinal] It contains centipede poison (histamine-like substance and hemolytic protein), cold amino acid, formic acid and cholesterol.
[pharmacology]
(1) injection has inhibitory effects on transplanted sarcoma S- 180, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, leukemia L 160, liver cancer and so on. It can enhance the function of reticuloendothelial cells.
(2) After 3-9 days of oral administration, mice have antagonistic effects on convulsions caused by pentylenetetrazol, strychnine and pure sodium hydroxide with half convulsion dose. Water immersion agent (1: 4) has inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and various pathogenic dermatophytes in vitro.
(3) Excessive use and long-term use will cause certain damage to the liver. Oral administration of 10 or more at one time is easy to cause erythema all over the body, which is more common in knee joints, and can disappear automatically after stopping taking medicine for 2~3 days.
[medicinal properties]
Salty, pungent and warm. Toxic. Meridian of liver, spleen and lung.
[efficacy]
Detoxicate, anticancer, calming wind, relieve spasm, diminishing inflammation and treating sores.
[medicinal]
(1) is used for detoxification and anticancer, and is used for cancer accumulation;
Liver cancer centipede, Ferula Ferulae, Oletum Trogopterori each 15g, matchmaker (stir-fried glutinous rice) 4.5g, Stewed Stellera Stellera Stellata 9g, Honeycomb 2 1g, Monkey Rush 24g, Scorpion, Bombyx Batryticatus, Semen Momordicae and Epimedii each 30g, and Shā rotto Katakuri 50g * * are ground into fine powder, and the water is soft. It can relieve symptoms, soften lumps and prolong survival time.
2 centipedes for breast cancer, 9 grams of honeycomb, seaweed, kelp and Trichosanthes root, 9 grams of Fritillaria and Scrophularia root 15 grams, 30 grams of oyster and Prunella vulgaris, chopped and decocted in water twice, daily 1 dose. So far, the skin depression has recovered, the lumps and nodules have softened, and the swelling and pain have been eliminated.
Two centipedes of cervical cancer, musk 0. 15g, borneol 0.3g, calomel 3g, realgar 3g, and phellodendron amurense 15g are ground into fine powder, wrapped with appropriate amount of sterile gauze, and sent to the vaginal vault to cling to the cervix. This medicine is given daily/kloc-0 times, and it is stopped during menstrual period. According to the improvement of the disease, the frequency of medication can be reduced until the biopsy turns negative. At the same time, take 1 dose every other day: 2 centipedes, 2.5g of Bupleurum, 3g of scorpion, 4.5g of kelp, seaweed, Rhizoma Cyperi, Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Poria, 6g of angelica, 9g of raw white peony root, chopped and decocted in water. Can be cured in the near future. 2 centipedes with choriocarcinoma, 6 grams of beehive and 60 grams of Agkistrodon are chopped and decocted in water, once a day 1 dose, and decocted twice. It can eliminate lumps, slow down metastatic symptoms, stop vaginal bleeding, and be cured after repeated negative urine pregnancy tests.
Ovarian cancer centipede 15g, frankincense 1g, scorpion 3g, honeycomb 5g, live snail 5g, nux vomica 10g. First, soak the nux vomica in boiling water for 24 hours, change the water for 7- 10 days, take it out, peel it, dry it in the sun, fry it with sesame oil and grind it into powder. Snails are mashed, dried and ground. Grind all the medicines into pills three times a day. Take it with the following decoction: 30g of Hedyotis diffusa, 30g of Coicis Semen, 30g of Dictyophora dictyopteris leaves, 0/5g of Carapax Trionycis/kloc-0, 5g of peach kernel/kloc-0, 5g of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata/kloc-0, 5g of roasted pangolin scales/kloc-0, 5g of Paeonia Rubra/kloc-0, 2g of Radix Paeoniae Rubra. It is also suitable for patients with postoperative vaginal metastasis.
Scolopendra, nux vomica preparata, Shā rotto Katakuri 30g, cooked rhubarb 9g, Arnebia euchroma, coptis root15g, iris seed, Paris polyphylla 45g, chrysanthemum, seaweed, sparganium, zedoary, codonopsis pilosula, astragalus root, honeysuckle flower, Sophora tonkinensis and radix rhapontici 60g, all of which are ground into fine powder and processed with vinegar. If the penis head has changed into a flower shape, local use of Wuhudan (60g of mercury, 60g of alum, 60g of soap alum, 60g of saltpeter, salt * * * until there is no water, and the dripping pill is refined into Wuhudan white crystal), Venenum Bufonis 0.5g, Flos Daturae 1g, and rice as shaping materials. Until the carrion is necrotic and falls off, then seal it with raw muscle powder.
26 centipedes, 26 geckos and 26 toads with leukemia, 24 grams of leeches and 24 grams of impatiens, 48 grams of Xu Changqing and 48 grams of Henxincao, and Hedyotis diffusa. , Xu Changqing, Polygonum cuspidatum, and Hedyotis diffusa each 90g * * are fine powders, which are granulated with pig bile and water chestnut, pressed into tongue cancer tablets, or made into pills, 9g each time, three times a day. At the same time, Xiaoai Powder (Pinellia ternata, Pinellia ternata, Rhizoma Arisaematis, Gardenia, Radix Aconiti, Solidago, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Fructus Toosendan, Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae, 90g of Elsholtzia, 90g of hibiscus leaves and * * * 138g of Taurus) was applied externally to the affected area, and the dressing was changed daily. Through oral administration and external application, the symptoms have been completely relieved, the lump has shrunk and the survival time has been prolonged.
Malignant lymphoma centipede, scorpion, raw leech, realgar dragon's blood and dried alum each 30g, Calomelas 2g, borax, sal ammoniac, storax oil and bletilla striata each 15g * * as fine powder, and water is added to make pills, which are the size of mung beans, 3g each time and three times a day. It can soften the lump and relieve the symptoms of oppression. It can be taken continuously for 3 to 6 months. Good effect can be obtained and the remission period is longer.
Five centipedes for gastric cancer, Rhizoma Sparganii, Rhizoma Curcumae and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus each 65438±02g, Sargassum and Thallus Laminariae each 65438±05g, Hirudo 24g and Flos Lonicerae 90g, chopped, decocted in water for three times, and weighed with white sugar. At first, there may be side effects such as nausea and bloating, which can be relieved by continuing to use. Persisting for 6 months can make the symptoms such as swelling and pain disappear, the lump soften and shrink, the ulcer subsides and the condition improves obviously.
Five centipedes, five jujubes, six grams of scorpion, nine grams of Pinellia ternata, Adenophora adenophora, Inula, Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli, 30 grams of Prunellae Spica, 30 grams of Arnebia euchroma, 30 grams of lalang grass rhizome, 60 grams of Hedyotis diffusa and 60 grams of Scutellaria barbata are chopped, decocted in water for three times, and the decoction is combined with 65438+. After taking the medicine for 4 months, the symptoms basically disappeared and recovered recently.
Lung cancer centipede, pangolin each 24g, sulfur, honeycomb each 9g, Shougong 1 2g, prepared Semen Strychni and Scorpio each 30g, Shijianchuan and grumpy each 30g, fine powder * * * 60g, refined honey and anticancer pills each 3g,1pill, twice a day. The administration method is as follows: 6 g of Radix Rehmanniae, 6 g of Radix Asparagi, 4 g of Radix Ophiopogonis, 4 g of Radix Scrophulariae, 2 g of Fritillaria thunbergii, 2 g of Cortex Moutan, 2 g of parched Radix Paeoniae Alba, 65,438+/-0.5 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and 65,438+/-0.5 g of Herba Menthae are decocted in water for two times, and can also be made into syrup, with 65,438+-0 doses per day. It can relieve symptoms such as blood phlegm and chest pain, make the cancer focus shrink, and the shadow disappears after X-ray reexamination.
Three centipedes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 3g of tortoise plastron, Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, Pheretima and Notoginseng are ground into fine powder, which is taken with yellow wine for three times, and then sent to Flos Magnoliae Powder (ground into fine powder by Flos Magnoliae, Asari, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Akebia Akebia, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Notopterygii Rhizoma, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata) for three times. At the same time, the balsam pear solution (balsam pear 10g) was chopped and soaked in the mixed solution of 75% alcohol and distilled water of 25ml each. After 3 days, add 50 ml of distilled water, stir well, filter with sterile gauze to remove residues (such as 20 ml of glycerol) and drop it into the nose, 3-6 times a day, 2 drops each time. Persist until the lump shrinks and the symptoms such as headache and stuffy nose basically disappear.
(2) calming wind and relieving spasm, which is used for wind-induced spasmodic pain:
3 centipedes with spasmodic apoplexy, 65438±08g of Astragalus membranaceus, 65438±02g of Angelica sinensis, 6g of Scorpio, Notopterygium Rhizoma and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis were chopped and decocted in water to make Qufeng decoction.
Scolopendra and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. 100 day are baked and ground for oral administration, three times a day, each time 1~2 years old 1.5g, 3~4 years old 2g. After continuous administration for 7 days, it was 1 and the effective rate was 90%.
(3) diminishing inflammation and treating sores, used for inflammation, swelling and sores;
Scolopendra with osteomyelitis 10 is baked, ground into powder, divided into 7 parts, and encapsulated, and taken daily 1 part. Scolopendra can also be pressed into tablets to remove dead bones, which can improve the curative effect and shorten the course of treatment. If there is a fistula, vaseline gauze can be dipped in centipede powder to fill the fistula, and the dressing should be changed every day/kloc-0 times. The medicine has anti-inflammatory, bone cladding regeneration and fistula healing effects on acute and chronic osteomyelitis.
Scolopendra 65438 is mixed with nail polish oil +0, and realgar and dried alum 1.5g * * * are ground into fine powder. Take another 1 egg, break one end, pour out part of the egg white, then put the ground powder into the egg, insert the affected finger from the broken end of the egg, and bake around the eggshell with low fire for more than 1 hour, so that the affected finger feels damp and hot. Bake 1~2 times a day, wrap it with sterile gauze after baking, and the swelling and pain will subside. General treatment 1~5 days, can be cured; If the local abscess is formed soon after baking, aseptic operation can be performed to cut and discharge the abscess.
[Dosage] Decoction: 1~5 tablets. Pill powder: 0.3-3g. External use: appropriate amount. Pregnant women should not take it.
There is a saying in China's idiom that "it takes a long time to make further progress". Does a centipede really have a hundred feet? Then let's take a look at the latest research results about centipede feet.
Keitel, a British researcher who specializes in centipedes, is a newly discovered centipede fan. In order to study centipedes, he traveled all over the British Isles and collected thousands of centipede specimens. The purpose is to find out how many pairs of feet centipedes have and what causes different centipedes to have different feet. Centipede, which lives in rotten wood or crevices, belongs to a multi-legged animal. Its trunk is composed of multiple rings, and each ring has a pair of feet. In the past century, more than 3,000 species of centipedes have been found all over the world, with the number ranging from 15 pairs to 1 9 1 pairs. Strangely, centipedes found before are odd pairs regardless of the number of feet, and centipedes have never been found to have even pairs of feet. Keitel's research confirmed that the number of centipede feet varied, but more importantly, he even found pairs of centipedes.
The seemingly insignificant centipede has a mystery, and keitel's new discovery has aroused great interest of experts. Keitel's new discovery will greatly enhance people's understanding of centipedes.
Feed centipede
First, living habits. Under natural conditions, Wu Ye usually lives on hillsides, fields, roadsides or overgrown places, or beside wells, wooden stakes and cracks in bricks and tiles, especially on wet and ancient ground. The basic characteristics of activities are daytime activities and going out at night. Stop eating when the temperature is lower than 10℃, and enter hibernation at MINUS 7℃.
Second, the characteristics of reproduction. The life span of centipedes is only 6 years. After sexual maturity, they usually mate in the early hours of Chu Qing after rain in March-May and July-August, and begin to lay eggs 40 days later. The female centipede lays the fertilized egg on her back in order to hatch in time. Each female centipede ovulates for 2-3 hours at a time and lays 80- 150 eggs at a time. The egg surface is rich in mucus, and the eggs stick together to form egg blocks. During the incubation period, the female centipede does not eat or drink until the young centipede hatches.
Third, feed. Centipede is a typical carnivore with a variety of feeding habits. It especially likes to eat all kinds of insects, such as Tenebrio molitor, crickets, scarabs, termites, cicadas, dragonflies, spiders, flies, bees and their eggs, pupae and larvae. At the same time, they also eat the meat, viscera, blood and cartilage of worms, earthworms, snails and various livestock and aquatic animals, and also eat Shui Pi, potatoes and cartilage.
Fourth, the construction of aquaculture ponds. The artificial culture of centipede can be carried out in ponds and ponds. Use worn-out clay pots or ceramic pots, preferably with a diameter of more than 0.5 meters, buried face down in the soil for about 20 centimeters, and compacted the soil outside. The middle of the cylinder is built with brick or adobe, which is about 10 cm lower than the cylinder surface, and there is a certain gap between the adobe and the cylinder wall. If you use a complete cylinder, don't knock off the bottom, just build adobe in the cylinder. A tank with a diameter of 80 cm can hold about 200 adult centipedes.
When adopting pond culture, the culture pond should be built in a sunny, ventilated, convenient drainage, damp and quiet place. It can be built indoors or outdoors. Made of bricks or stones, leveled with cement, the height of the pond is 80 cm, and the area of the breeding pond is arbitrary, generally 5- 10 square meter is appropriate. Stick a layer of smooth and undamaged plastic film on the inner side around the pool mouth, or set a circle of inner eaves with a width of about 15 cm and at right angles to the pool wall with glass sheets. 500-900 adult centipedes can be put into each square meter of culture pond.
Five, management points. 1. In order to prevent the centipede from escaping, the centipede is impatient. If preventive measures are not in place, centipedes can easily escape. 2. Pay attention to the feeding density. Scolopendra must be fed in groups and pools according to the change of body length. 3. Manage temperature, humidity and light to keep the environment quiet. 4. Feed should be kept clean and hygienic, and don't feed bait contaminated by pesticides. 5. Observe regularly to prevent natural enemies of centipede from entering the culture pond. 6. Prevent food and soil from becoming moldy. 7. Eliminate diseased centipedes in time.
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Centipede belongs to polypod. The first pair of feet are hooked and sharp, and there are poisonous glands at the end of the hook, which are generally called palatal teeth, claws or poisonous limbs and can discharge poisonous juice. After the centipede is bitten, its venom glands secrete a large amount of venom, which is injected into the skin of the bitten person along the palatal teeth to cause poisoning.
clinical picture
Small centipede bites, only local redness and pain, tropical centipede bites, can cause lymphangitis and tissue necrosis, and sometimes the whole limb appears epilepsy. Some are visible.
Headache, fever, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and even nausea, convulsions, coma and other systemic symptoms.
Emergency treatment
Immediately after the centipede bites, wash the wound with soapy water, apply local cold compress or wet compress to the wound, or mash Houttuynia cordata and Taraxacum for external application. People with systemic symptoms should go to the hospital for treatment immediately.
Scorpion stings spiders, and when scorpion stings people, it secretes venom from poisonous glands and enters the human body, which quickly causes a series of poisoning reactions.
Emergency treatment
2 ~ 3 cm above the injured limb, tie it tightly with cloth tape, and relax every 15 minutes 1 ~ 2 minutes. You can use ice around the wound, cut the skin of the wound, suck out the venom with an aspirator or cupping, and wash the wound with potassium permanganate solution and limewater. Those with severe symptoms should go to the hospital for treatment.
How to catch wild centipedes
Centipede, also known as dragon, centipede, centipede and so on. , is less centipede mummy. This property is pungent, warm and toxic. It has the effects of expelling wind, relieving spasm, removing toxic substances, dredging collaterals and relieving pain, and is a traditional animal product medicine in China. Centipede is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Henan and Guangxi provinces. At present, it is in the season of capturing and processing. The capture method is introduced as follows:
Living habits Scolopes likes to live in hilly areas and sandy land. During the day, they lurk in the cracks of masonry, in the dark corners of walls and piles of leaves, weeds and rotten wood, and come out to hunt caterpillars, spiders and cockroaches at night. Generally, when the weather turns cold in May 438+1October in June, they dig holes into the soil on the hillside facing the sun, and lurk in the soil about 12cm deep from the ground. After the winter solstice (early March), as the weather gets warmer, they will move to feed.
Scolopes are usually caught in late spring and early summer, especially from the time of fright to Qingming. If the "long summer" passes, most females will dive into hidden places to lay eggs and molt, which is difficult to catch. Moreover, after a long summer, there is more and more rain, and the centipede caught is difficult to dry, easy to be infected and rotted, with thin meat and poor quality.
Catching centipedes can be carried out according to their activity characteristics. The methods are as follows: ① Centipede is a carnivore, and its foraging time is from 8 pm to 3 am the next day. At this time, you can use a flashlight or a sheltered oil lamp to look for it in its hiding place. If you find a centipede, you can pick it up with bamboo clips or tweezers and put it in a prepared bamboo basket or cloth bag. (2) Choose the hiding place of centipede, dig the layer with pointed hoe or rake, and pick up stones and bricks. If you find a centipede, catch it in the above way. (3) dig a nest to trap. In the habitat where centipedes often move, before and after the spring, a long pit with a cross shape, length 1 ~ 2m, width 0.5m and depth 15 ~ 20cm, was dug in the humid Shan Ye. Chicken feathers, miscellaneous bones, horse manure or bird manure and some rotten grass are put inside, covered with branches, clods or tiles to lure centipedes into the cracks.
Centipede has venom. If you are accidentally stung during the capture process, you should squeeze it with your hands in time to prevent the venom from spreading to the subcutaneous tissue. Then coating 3% ammonia water or 5% ~ 10% baking soda water on the chelating part as soon as possible; Or mashed with fresh mulberry leaves, dandelion leaves or onion, rubbed or externally applied.
The live centipede captured by the processing technology is scalded to death with boiling water, and then the tail is cut off to squeeze out feces and urine. Then, thin bamboo pieces with the same length and width as the centipede are taken, both ends are sharpened, one end is inserted under the upper jaw of the centipede, and the other end is inserted into the tail, and the centipede is straightened and dried by using the elasticity of the bamboo pieces. In case of rainy days, it can be dried with charcoal fire. After drying, take out the bamboo pieces (don't break the head and tail, which will affect the quality), put aside the centipede heads with similar body length, clamp them horizontally on the back and abdomen with thin bamboo pieces with a width of about 1cm, tie them tightly in rows, 50 pieces in each row, and put them in wooden boxes for sealed storage.
Quality requirements: The finished centipede must be dry, oblong, with reddish-brown head and dark green back, shiny, with two protruding ridges, brown belly, shriveled, full yellow or reddish-brown, bent backward, stinging at the end, cracked or hollow section, slightly fishy, pungent and slightly salty, with complete head and tail, no damage, no moth and no mildew.
Scolopes is divided into four grades: super grade, each length exceeds16.5 cm; Level 1, each length is greater than13cm; Secondary, each length is greater than10cm; Three levels, each length is greater than 6.6cm.