Landscape planning and design? Is a very broad word, which can refer to everything visible on the surface of the earth at present. Landscape design is divided into specific design objects, including the planning and design of scenic spots and urban green space system; At the micro level, there are specific design categories such as parks, street green spaces, residential quarters, factory greening, squares, etc.
Laws and regulations related to landscape planning and design
00 1? People's Republic of China (PRC) forest law
002? People's Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law
003? People's Republic of China (PRC) Building Law?
004? People's Republic of China (PRC) wildlife protection law
005? People's Republic of China (PRC) Cultural Relics Protection Law?
006? People's Republic of China (PRC) City Planning Law
007? Code for planning and design of urban road greening
008? Protection methods of ancient and famous trees
009? Code for planning and design of urban residential areas
0 10? standard for classification of urban green space
0 1 1? Code for construction and acceptance of urban greening projects?
0 12? Provisions on indicators of urban greening planning and construction
0 13? Urban greening regulations?
0 14? Guidelines for planning and design of urban wetland parks (for Trial Implementation)
0 15? Interim regulations on the administration of scenic spots?
0 16? Graphic standard of landscape architecture legend
0 17? Code for design of highway environmental protection
0 18? Code for Design of CJJ Park? 48—92
0 19? Hygienic standard for drinking water? GB5749
020? Code for design of green space in residential areas
02 1? Code for design of forestry nursery engineering?
022? Technical management regulations of sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation engineering
023? Code for overall design of forest park
024? Manual of Landscape Design and Construction Technology Planting Specification
025? Basic terminology standard of landscape architecture?
026? Measures of the State Environmental Protection Bureau for the Award of Scientific and Technological Progress in Environmental Protection
027? Code for design of outdoor water supply GB? 500 13-2006
2. What green space is natural layout, regular layout or mixed layout? Ordinary garden
Conventional gardens are also called holistic, geometric and architectural gardens. The whole plane layout, three-dimensional modeling, buildings, squares, streets, water, flowers and trees, etc. All require strict symmetry. /kloc-before the emergence of British landscape architecture in the 0/8th century, western gardens were mainly regular, including Italian terrace gardens in the Renaissance and French Rainotte in the 0/9th century. Notre) plane geometric pattern garden as the representative. The Tiantan in Beijing and the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing all adopt regular layout. Regular gardens give people a sense of solemnity, grandeur and neatness, and are generally used for memorial gardens with serious atmosphere or buildings with symmetrical axes.
Natural form
Natural gardens are also called landscape gardens, irregular gardens and landscape gardens. China gardens began in the Zhou Dynasty and experienced several generations of development. Whether it is the royal court garden or the private house garden, it is mainly based on natural landscape gardens. Royal gardens developed in the Qing Dynasty and have been preserved to this day, such as the Summer Palace and chengde mountain resort. Private gardens, such as Humble Administrator's Garden and Netlion Garden in Suzhou, are all representative works of natural landscape gardens. It was introduced to Japan in the 6th century, and to Britain after18th century. Natural gardens mainly imitate and reproduce nature, rather than pursuing symmetrical plane layout. Three-dimensional modeling and the layout of garden elements are more natural and free, and the relationship between them is more subtle and subtle. This form is more suitable for the environment with mountains, water and undulating terrain, and is famous for its implication, elegance and far-reaching artistic conception.
Mixed garden
The so-called mixed garden mainly refers to the staggered combination of regular and natural styles. The whole garden does not have or cannot form the main axis and secondary axis that control the whole garden. Only local scenic spots and buildings are symmetrically arranged along the central axis, or the whole garden has no obvious natural landscape skeleton, so it is impossible to form a natural pattern. Generally speaking, combined with the terrain, on the original flat terrain, regular layout is arranged according to the needs of the overall planning. In the primitive terrain, the conditions are complex, including rolling hills, valleys and depressions. , combined with the terrain planning into a natural style. The combination of two different planning forms is the mixed garden.
3. What role does color play in garden green space? Function, 1, visually, enrich the landscape level.
2, psychologically, cheerful mood,
3. Sometimes, color can also be used as a guide for traffic guidance.
"Pure Land Garden" should be called "Pure Land Zongyuan". An early pattern of Japanese gardens is actually a temple garden, which is mainly composed of "Golden Temple", "Hamashima" and "Nakajima", similar to "Academy Garden". They all return to the garden.
4. How many forms are there in the arrangement of garden plants? List 10 common tree species suitable for solitary and opposite planting and explain their characteristics.
20 Tree Species Suitable for Single Planting
Ficus macrophylla, Sophora japonica, Ginkgo biloba, Pinus tabulaeformis, Platanus acerifolia, Ficus albizzia, weeping willow, Cedar, Podocarpus, Aralia elata, Plum Blossom, Cherry Blossom, Osmanthus fragrans, Magnolia grandiflora, Liquidambar formosana, Cotinus coggygria, Prunus purpurea, Pinus bungeana, Torch Tree,
The hedgehog of Caprifoliaceae is a real hedgehog. These plants are elegant, colorful, solitary and clustered. ?
Viburnum butterfly belongs to Viburnum of Caprifoliaceae. It blooms in May, the flowers are slightly fragrant, and the fruit quantity is large after autumn. It is an excellent ornamental flower for flower viewing in spring and summer and fruit viewing in autumn and winter. ?
Deciduous trees of Aceraceae belong to Aceraceae, with bloody bark and paper-like peel, which are peculiar and impressive. In autumn, the leaves are bright red, and they can be planted in bushes alone or in groups, which can show high garden ornamental value. ?
Acer (Aceraceae) is a deciduous tree with beautiful appearance and red leaves in summer, which can be used as landscape forest, shade tree or street tree. ?
Mountain Bai Shu Hamamelidaceae Mountain Bai Shu. Endemic to China, it is an ornamental plant with a long fruiting sequence of 10 to 20cm, and its shape is very peculiar. Can be used in courtyard greening. ?
The persimmon of Junqianzi belongs to Persimmon Family. Suitable for street trees and suburban street trees, with strong anti-pollution ability. ?
Tapiscia sinensis tree tapiscia sinensis tree is a tall deciduous tree in tapiscia sinensis family. Feather compound leaves can reach 30 cm, and the petiole is red, which can be used as landscape forest and shade tree. ?
Tall deciduous tree of Hovenia of Rhamnaceae, with spreading branches, can form a round or inverted oval crown, which is suitable for being used as a shade tree for street trees in courtyards and suburbs or as an upper shade tree for shade-loving plants. ?
Cornus officinalis, Cornaceae, Cornus officinalis. Yellow flowers are full of trees in early spring and red fruits are full of trees in summer, which is an economic tree species in southern Shaanxi and a good greening tree species. ?
5. How to choose plants according to the functional requirements of gardens? Give two examples. Principles and requirements for the disposition of garden plants
20 10- 1 1- 12? 18:35:08| Classification:? Introduction to Landscape Architecture | Font Size? subscribe
Configuration principle of garden plants
From the perspective of maintaining ecological balance and beautifying the environment, garden plants are the most important elements in garden green space. Under normal circumstances, garden green space should be mainly based on plant landscaping, supplemented by sketch facilities. The ornamental effect and artistic level of garden green space largely depend on the configuration of garden plants. Therefore, the key to the construction of garden green space is to arrange garden plants well. So, how to configure garden plants? Generally speaking, there are two basic problems to be solved in plant configuration, namely, the selection of plant species and the determination of configuration methods. In principle, we should focus on these two basic issues when configuring garden plants. Meet the following four requirements:
1. Functional requirements of Futai Garden Green Space
When arranging garden plants, we should first consider the nature and function of garden green space. For example, in order to reflect the nature of the martyrs cemetery and create a solemn atmosphere, when choosing plant species, we should choose pine and cypress with regular crown shape, which means it will last forever; In the configuration mode, opposite planting or decided planting is often adopted. As we know, garden green space has many functions, but as far as a green space is concerned, it has its specific main functions. For example, the main function of street trees in street greening is to shade and dust, beautify the city and organize traffic. In order to meet this specific functional requirement, when selecting plants, we should choose trees with beautiful crown and dense branches and leaves. The configuration mode should be row planting. For another example, a comprehensive city park should not only have a large lawn for collective activities, but also have graceful solitary trees and colorful flowering shrubs, as well as sparse grasslands or dense forests to meet the needs of quiet rest. In short, the trees and flowers in the garden should meet the requirements of the use and protection function of the garden green space to the maximum extent.
2. Consider the artistic requirements of garden green space
Garden is a space environment art characterized by natural beauty, which integrates natural beauty, architectural beauty, painting beauty and literary beauty. Therefore, in the configuration of garden plants, it is necessary to meet the requirements of the practical function of garden green space, achieve the "green" effect, and give people beautiful enjoyment. According to the requirements of artistic law, choose plant species and determine the layout.
6. Talk about your understanding of landscape planning and design prospects. When it comes to China gardens, people admire its profoundness. The saying that there is heaven on earth and Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth expresses people's infinite yearning for a beautiful environment. In the long history of thousands of years, countless parks have been built on the land of the motherland, and a large number of classical gardens such as Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden in Suzhou have also been included in the world cultural heritage. However, due to the influence of war, natural disasters and man-made disasters, as well as the different needs of different times and different societies for gardens, the development of gardens in China has gone through a difficult and tortuous road. Real modern gardens and urban greening began to develop rapidly after the founding of the People's Republic of China. After the founding of New China, the Party and the government attached great importance to the construction of urban green space, and various localities successively set up landscaping management departments to undertake the construction of garden undertakings. During the first five-year plan period, the policy of "universal greening with emphasis on beautification" was also put forward and incorporated into the overall urban construction plan. The spring breeze of reform and opening up has brought bright prospects and vigorous vitality to the garden green belt. By the end of 1995, the total area of urban green space in China reached 67.83hm2, the urban green coverage rate reached 23.9%, and the urban parks were 3? 6 19 places, with a park area of 7.28h㎡ and a per capita public green area of 5 m ㎡. The flowers and trees of the motherland are in perfect harmony.
However, in recent years, due to the rapid development of industry and the rapid growth of urban population, the urban environment is getting worse and worse, and the original garden green space can no longer meet the needs of the unprecedented urbanization process. Although there are many large-scale garden construction activities, they have played a positive role, such as the emergence of garden cities. However, due to the influence of traditional gardens, the construction of these gardens did not fundamentally prevent the further deterioration of the environment. The severe environmental reality makes modern gardens in China face severe challenges and rare opportunities.
The rapid expansion of urban population has seriously threatened the basic living environment of residents, and outdoor sports and leisure space is extremely lacking; The extreme shortage of land resources makes it difficult to improve the environment by greatly expanding the green area; Limited financial resources, it is difficult to achieve high-input urban landscaping and environmental governance projects; The recycling of natural resources, biodiversity protection is imminent, and the overall natural ecology is very fragile; The invasion of European and American cultures has caused unprecedented impact on local culture and so on. These problems are self-evident. However, flower beds and "Eleventh" and "May Day" flowers are becoming more and more popular.
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