The difference between the Medical Security Service Center and the Medical Insurance Bureau lies in their responsibilities and service targets.

The Medical Insurance Bureau is an agency under the National Health Commission. It is mainly responsible for the formulation and management of medical insurance policies, as well as the raising and use of medical insurance funds. The medical security service center is an agency under the local government and is mainly responsible for the specific implementation and management of medical insurance services in the region, including medical insurance participation, reimbursement, and designated hospital management. The service targets are also different. The Medical Insurance Bureau serves the people insured by medical insurance nationwide, while the Medical Security Service Center serves the people insured by medical insurance in the region.

Although the Medical Security Service Center and the Medical Insurance Bureau have different responsibilities and service targets, both exist to protect the people's medical security rights.