The history of the Three Seas can be traced back to the Liao Dynasty in A.D. 10, which was called Yaoyu at that time. It is a playground in the northern suburb of Nanjing, Liaoning. In the 19th year of Jin Dading (1 179), a large-scale construction was carried out at the current site of Beihai, and many exquisite detached palaces were built, first named Daning Palace and later renamed Wanning Palace. According to "Historical Geography of Jin Dynasty", "There is Daning Palace in the north of Beijing ... and Wanning Palace in the second year of Ming Chang. Joan Lin Yuan owns the Hengcui Palace. There are Daxiongtai, Qionghua Island and Daxiongtai Building in the West Park of Ningde Palace. " It can be seen that the scale of the building is still quite large. At that time, the layout of the garden was generally centered on Qionghua Island, and palaces were built around the island and Haizi. Its position is equivalent to today's Beihai and Tuancheng parts. According to documents, the stone of Taihu Lake in Bianjing (Kaifeng) was demolished in the Jin Dynasty to build Qionghua Island.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Haizi and Qionghua Island in the Jin Dynasty were the major capitals, so it became a forbidden garden in the imperial city, which was called "Shangyuan". After years of operation, in Zheng Zheng for eight years (1348), the mountain was named Wanshou Mountain (also known as Wanshou Mountain) and the water was named Taiye Pool. There are many documents about Wanshou Mountain and Taiyechi in Yuan Dynasty. Tao, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, said in "Falling Fields": "Long live the northwest mountain in Inner Mongolia and the sun in Taiye Pool. The golden name Qionghua Island was renovated three years after the reunification of China. Its mountains are piled with exquisite stones. Surrounded by mountains and peaks, pines and cypresses are long and melancholy, and they are beautiful. ..... There are seven halls of Guanghan on the mountain. Renzhitang is halfway up the mountain, with three rooms. The white jade stone bridge in front of the mountain is 200 feet long and reaches the right side of the Temple of Heaven, which is eleven meters long and faces the Long Live Mountain. " In the south of Yitian Temple (now Beihai and Yuanbao), there is an island named Tiantai in the water south of Taiye Pool. The whole Yutai Pool is roughly equivalent to the North Sea and the Sea of China.
The Ming Dynasty expanded the park on the basis of the Yuan Dynasty's ban, and established the scale of the Three Seas. In the early Ming Dynasty, only some buildings of Guanghan Hall, Qingshu Hall and Qionghua Island were slightly repaired. During the Tianshun period, Xiyuan was expanded on a large scale. The main projects include: opening up the South China Sea, expanding the scope of Yu Tai Pool, and completing the layout of North Sea, China Sea and South China Sea. Fill the water surface between Yitian Temple and the Forbidden City, and build the Tuancheng. Many new buildings have been added along Qionghua Island and Taiye Pool.
In the Qing Dynasty, Xiyuan was built and rebuilt. There are two important buildings: in the eighth year of Shunzhi (165 1), the Guanghan Hall, the main building on the top of Qionghua Island, and the surrounding pavilions and pavilions were demolished, and the giant Lama Tower and Buddhist Temple were built, and the Long Live Mountain was renamed Baita Mountain. During the Qianlong period, in addition to rebuilding most buildings in Qionghua Island (Baita Mountain) in Beihai, many buildings were built in the northeast and north coast of Beihai. During the Ming Dynasty, palaces, castles and courtyards were built in Nanping Terrace in the South China Sea (now Yingtai) and the east coast of China Sea. At present, the overall pattern and garden architecture of the Three Seas were mainly completed in the Qianlong period. Although it was repaired repeatedly later, it only increased in some places.
Since the opening of the South China Sea in Ming Dynasty, the scale of the Three Seas has formed a bag-like water area, which runs through the north and south of the imperial city. The two stone bridges on the Ethereum are divided into three water surfaces: the North Sea to the north of Hongqiao, the South China Sea to the south of Wu Tong Bridge, and the China Sea between the two bridges. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty said in one of his poems, The Hall of Happy Hearts is Full of Questions: "The liquid pool is just a lake, which will be divided into three seas next season." For hundreds of years, the names of Sanhai and Xiyuan have been used together; The Sea of China and the South China Sea are closely related, and are usually collectively referred to as * * *.
The overall layout of the Three Seas inherits the tradition of ancient gardening art in China: the islands are arranged in the water, connected with the shore by bridges, and the buildings and scenic spots are arranged on the islands and along the coast. The whole park covers an area of more than 2,500 mu (1 mu is 666.66 m2), and the water surface accounts for more than half, so the landscape is relatively open. Qiongdao stands in the north, Yingtai faces south, and the long bridge lies like a rainbow. The rocks and buildings on the island set off against each other to form a whole. Many scenic spots are patchwork and densely interspersed among them.
The main scenery of Beihai is concentrated in Baita Mountain. White Pagoda, Anji, Qingxiaolou, Tang Yilan, Drum Tower, and many rockeries, caves, cloisters, winding paths and other buildings are arranged on Qiongdao, including the "Spring Shade of Qiongdao" stone tablet, one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing mentioned by Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, and the bronze statue of immortal dew set up by Zhang Jian Palace in Han Dynasty. On the northeast bank of Beihai, there are gardens and Buddhist temples such as Huafangzhai, Haopujian, Jingqingzhai, Tianwang Hall, Wulong Pavilion and Xiaoxitian. To the south is Tuancheng, which is located by the water. Among the pines and cypresses in the city, there is a large-scale and exquisite Chengguang Hall.
The main scenic spots in China Sea are Ziguangge, Bajiao Garden and Shuiyunxie in isolated water. This pavilion was originally the former site of Taiye Pool Tiantai in Yuan Dynasty, and there is still the "Taiye Autumn Wind" monument, one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing mentioned by Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty.
The main scenery of the South China Sea is Yingtai, which is a water island scenic spot composed of a group of temples, pavilions and rockeries. Important buildings include Xiangluan Pavilion, Hanyuan Hall, Xiangyi Hall, Zaoyun Building, Daiyue Pavilion and Yingxun Pavilion. The existing stone bridge in Yingtai East reaches the shore. In addition * * *, there are Fengze Garden and Jinggu, all of which are gardens in the garden, especially the lake rockery in Jinggu.
The artistic value of the Three Seas is first-class in the existing ancient gardens in China. Since Liao and Jin Dynasties, it has been running continuously for 1000 years, with rich historical documents, most of which still have traces to be found. The layout of buildings, rocks and gardens in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty remained basically (only * * * changed greatly), which was rare in other palaces and even private gardens. The remains of Genyue in Qionghua Island in the Jin Dynasty, the giant jade urn in Guanghan Hall in the Yuan Dynasty, Tuancheng in the Ming Dynasty, and pines and cypresses with a tree age of 8900 are all valuable witnesses to the development history of Beijing. The gardening art of Sanhai inherits the traditional gardening skills of China, and develops and innovates. There is a garden in the garden, and the layout techniques such as borrowing scenery inside and outside have been skillfully used. In addition to cypress and pine, there are many kinds of flowers and trees planted in the park, such as shore willow, pond lotus, begonia, peony, plantain, bamboo, kudzu root, radish, famous flowers and exotic fruits. These flowers and trees are combined with rockery Chi Pan and attic platform to form a landscape, which embodies the artistic level of China gardens.
Is there Dongba Hospital in Chaoyang District, Beijing? I am anxious to know the answer. Who knows? Please give me an answer. Dongba Hospital is located in Dongba Village. Basically, what does that stupid hospital do? Basically, people nearby go to Huaxin, the former Jiuxianqiao Hospital.
Please answer the work-related injury claim. 1. Find out whether your friend and his employer have a labor relationship or an employment relationship.
2. If your friend and his unit have a labor relationship, then the labor administrative department should put forward the work-related injury appraisal. If it is confirmed as a work-related injury, then the Regulations on Work-related Injury Insurance should be applied for compensation. The specific compensation depends on the appraisal results.
3. If your friend has an employment relationship with his company, you should apply the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Personal Injury Compensation Cases, which can compensate you for medical care, lost time, nutrition and other expenses directly related to the damage results. The specific amount is subject to the bill.
Please give an answer! Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures, Chinese-foreign cooperative ventures and foreign-funded enterprises generally established in China are collectively referred to as foreign-funded enterprises.
It is an economic entity that is approved by the relevant departments of our country, abides by the relevant laws and regulations of our country, engages in certain business activities, and is jointly or independently operated by one or more foreign investors and China investors, with independent accounting and self-financing.
Since the reform and opening up, foreign-funded enterprises have become an integral part of China's enterprise system. Running foreign-funded enterprises well is of great significance for attracting foreign investment, introducing advanced technology and management experience, and expanding export channels.
1. Sino-foreign joint ventures Sino-foreign joint ventures, also known as Sino-foreign joint ventures. Refers to foreign companies, enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals, in accordance with the principle of equality and mutual benefit, with the approval of China, to engage in certain business activities with companies, enterprises or other economic organizations in China in People's Republic of China (PRC). Its organizational form is a limited liability company. Sino-foreign joint ventures are characterized by:
(1) A joint venture holds shares as stipulated in the contract, but only has a certificate of capital contribution and does not issue shares. Therefore, different foreign joint-stock companies have holding problems. Whoever holds more shares in the company will control the management right of the company.
(2) Foreign countries stipulate that foreign investors can only hold less than 49% of the shares, and domestic investment must account for more than 565,438+0%. But the regulations in China are different from those in foreign countries. For the shares of a foreign-funded joint venture, there is only a lower limit of not less than 25%, and there is no clear upper limit.
(3) There is a certain proportion between the registered capital and the total investment. If the total investment is less than USD 3 million, the registered capital shall be equal to 70% of the total investment; Moreover, the registered capital shall not be reduced during the term of the joint venture, and it shall not be liable for the capital subscribed by the parties to the joint venture.
(4) Sino-foreign joint ventures are limited liability companies, and their economic responsibilities are limited to their respective capital contributions.
(5) The profits earned by foreign investors and their legitimate income can only be remitted in foreign exchange, which requires that the export proportion of products be stipulated in the contract and the balance of foreign exchange payments be emphasized in the operation.
2. Chinese-foreign joint ventures Chinese-foreign joint ventures, also known as Chinese-foreign cooperative ventures, refer to non-equity economic organizations established by foreign companies, enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and operating in accordance with the investment conditions, income distribution, risk responsibility and mode of operation of all parties stipulated in the contract. A joint venture may be a legal person enterprise or an unincorporated organization established to implement a project or an economic activity. Chinese-foreign joint ventures generally provide land (right to use), natural resources, labor or existing factories, devices and corresponding hydropower facilities by Chinese partners; Only foreign cooperation can provide funds, advanced equipment, technology and materials.
Sino-foreign joint ventures are characterized by:
(1) Both parties to a Sino-foreign joint venture sign a cooperative operation contract as legal persons, and distribute profits according to the investment mode and distribution ratio stipulated in the contract. It can be an enterprise with legal person qualification or a joint venture entity without independent qualification.
(2) The rights and obligations of each partner must be based on the principle of equality and mutual benefit, and the cooperation conditions provided by each partner should be clearly stipulated in the contract. Investment shares are generally not converted into currency, and profits are not distributed according to the capital contribution of each partner. After the expiration of the cooperation period, the distribution of income, the sharing of risks and debts, the management mode and liquidation method of the enterprise shall be agreed in the contract.
(3) There are three ways to provide cooperation conditions for joint ventures and registered sauces: first, the funds provided by foreign partners, interest-free installations and a small amount of cash invested by the Chinese side are registered funds; The third is to convert the cooperation conditions provided by both parties into investment principal as registered capital. At present, choose the third way.
(4) A wholly-owned enterprise may recover its investment in advance by accelerated depreciation or other means, and shall still be liable for the debts of the joint venture according to the original investment amount within the unexpired term of the joint venture. Otherwise, once the joint venture loses money after repaying the principal, it will not be able to repay it and the interests of creditors will not be guaranteed.
3. Foreign-funded enterprises Foreign-funded enterprises are also called wholly foreign-owned enterprises. Refers to enterprises established within the territory of China, all of whose capital is invested by foreign enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals (excluding branches established by foreign enterprises and other economic organizations within the territory of China).
The characteristics of foreign-funded enterprises are:
(1) A foreign-funded enterprise is registered in China, with its legal address in China and most of its business activities in China. Therefore, anyone who meets the legal person requirements of China can obtain the legal person qualification of China according to law and be governed and protected by the laws of China.
(2) The current foreign-funded enterprises in China are only relative to Sino-foreign joint ventures and Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises. Because there is not necessarily only one investor, it can be a company established by several foreign investors in China, so it is different from the "sole proprietorship enterprise" that is usually said internationally.
(3) As foreign-funded enterprises are operated by foreign investors themselves, they cannot directly transfer technology to China enterprises. Therefore, a foreign-funded enterprise established in China must be an advanced technology-based enterprise or an export-oriented enterprise that is conducive to the development of China's national economy.
(4) The most important characteristics of foreign-funded enterprises are: self-investment, self-management, self-financing and self-enjoyment.
4. The difference between foreign-funded enterprises:
(1) The difference between organizational form and legal status. Sino-foreign joint ventures are business units in the form of companies, which belong to limited companies and are legal persons in China with independent property rights. Sino-foreign joint venture is a kind of partnership with unclear organizational form. It can be an enterprise with China legal person qualification and independent property rights; It can also be a loose economic association, which has no legal personality and independent property rights in China. Its main basis is the contract and articles of association evaluated by both parties. Most foreign-funded enterprises are also limited liability companies, and their registered capital is all invested by foreign investors, so they are enterprises with legal personality in China.
(2) The mode of investment is different from that of Sino-foreign joint ventures. All parties to the joint venture must invest, including cash, industrial property rights, physical objects and the right to use the site. All these investments are converted into registered currency, so as to determine their respective shares. Its registered capital is the sum of the capital subscribed by the parties to the joint venture. A wholly foreign-owned enterprise may invest in the form of joint venture or the cooperation conditions provided by the parties to the joint venture (including cash, industrial property rights, physical objects and site use rights). However, the cooperation conditions provided by the parties to the joint venture must be converted into registered currency, so there is no comparable concept of quantity and no proportion of shares. The mode of investment of foreign-invested enterprises is provided by foreign investors alone, and their registered capital is invested by foreign investors.
(3) The difference between distribution mode and capital recovery. The profit and loss distribution of Sino-foreign joint ventures shall be conducted in strict accordance with the equity ratio of the parties to the joint venture. In the process of joint venture, as long as the investment ratio and profit ratio remain unchanged, all parties to the joint venture can only recover capital from the profits obtained by the enterprise. After the expiration of the joint venture, if the Chinese side takes over the enterprise, it still needs to pay the foreign capital contribution. The profits and losses of Sino-foreign joint ventures are allocated according to the provisions of the contract, and the recovery of their investment is often carried out by extracting depreciation expenses for equipment. If accelerated depreciation is used to repay the principal, all the fixed assets of the joint venture will be owned by the Chinese side free of charge after the expiration of the cooperation stipulated in the contract. The profit and loss of a foreign-capital enterprise does not involve the Chinese side, and its capital can only be recovered from the profits of the enterprise or when the enterprise is dissolved according to law.
(4) The management mode is different from that of Sino-foreign joint ventures. The management system is the general manager responsibility system under the leadership of the board of directors. The board of directors is the highest authority, responsible for the management institutions under the decision of the management, and the general manager is responsible for daily management. If the Sino-foreign joint venture is a legal person enterprise, the management system is the same as that of the Sino-foreign joint venture, and it can also be managed by a separate management institution composed of Chinese and foreign investors. The management mode of Sino-foreign joint ventures is more flexible. Foreign-funded enterprises also have boards of directors, but their management methods are more flexible.
Which mountains in Zhangjiagang have bamboo? Please answer if you know. Thank you. One is on Wushan Mountain and the other is beside Xiangshan Cemetery.
N97 price of Hong Kong Bank ~ Please give an answer to the insider ~ It didn't come out! At present, there are only engineering machines ~!
There is no genuine product!
Excuse me, who knows the number of buses in Beijing? There are about 20,000 vehicles in Beijing Public Transport Group and about 1.200 vehicles in express delivery company.
It can't be 2,684 vehicles. There are almost 3,000 vehicles in three branches.
And Beijing Public Transport Group has the first and the second. . . . Seventh Branch, Tram Passenger Transport Branch, Dedicated Passenger Transport Branch, Double-decker Passenger Transport Branch, Xinao Passenger Transport Branch ~
Excuse me, does anyone know the origin of Tai? Thai surname: a rare surname nowadays.
There are three sources:
First, one of the four friends is too upset. See Yuan's Surname Code. It is said that the four friends of Wen Wang are giants of Yao, Tai Gong Wang, Nan Gong's family and Sanyisheng, and people who are too upset are too upset. They are not one of the four friends, but just the sages of Zhou Wenwang.
Second, there is a Xue among our cadres. Gaoche is another name of ancient national Tiele. Because the wheels of Tiele are very high, it is named Gao Che.
Third, Koreans have surnames.
Some changed their surnames to Thai surnames.
King Jing Zhao and Xianyang
Widely distributed, but few in number. Tianjin Wuqing, Shandong Xintai, Shanxi Changle, Taiyuan, Datong, Hubei Laohekou, Yunnan Qiubei, Henan wen county, Anhui Huainan, Yunnan Lushui, Hebei Dongchuan, Sanhe, Sichuan Laoting, Zhangdian, Weichang, Hanyuan, Huili, Inner Mongolia Hohhot, Liaoning Jinzhou, Heilongjiang Qingyuan, Jilin Yanji and Nenjiang.
A probe into the origin of Thai surname
In the first year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (7 13), Da Zuorong, the leader of Jurchen ancestors, established the Bohai Kingdom. Emperor Tang Ming made him king of Bohai County.
Later, in the Yuan Dynasty, people followed Genghis Khan's expedition to the south, repeatedly made meritorious military service, and named him "Prince of Peace". Later, people took Yitai as their surname. Up to now, there are still descendants in Kunming, Yunnan, and the nationality is still Mongolian, and most of them live in the Han nationality.
Does anyone know what is good about plastic surgery in Beijing? Please don't worry, plastic surgery needs to go to a regular hospital, which is necessary. You can't trust some advertisements, and you can't just save money, otherwise it may lead to failure and lifelong pain. There are many such posts in Baidu Post Bar and Beijing Plastic Surgery Bar. You can refer to it in detail It's really true to do more research. Don't be afraid of trouble. After all, is the body your own or given by your parents? You are responsible for yourself and your family.