I hope that good luck will come in the new year, which means getting rich, good luck and peace.

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Couplets, also known as antithesis, door-to-door, spring stickers, Spring Festival couplets, couplets and so on. It is a antithesis written on paper, cloth or carved on bamboo, wood and columns. The antithesis of couplets is neat and even, which is a unique artistic form of Chinese. Couplets are the treasures of China traditional culture.

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Fu's On the Characteristics of China Couplets summarizes the characteristics of couplets into five opposites:?

Uniqueness and universality

It is generally believed that couplets are the most unique literary form in China. What is unique about it? Mainly in structure and language. Couplets can be called "dual structure" style. Standard couplets always consist of two opposing parts. The former part is called "Lian", which is also called "sentence", "antithesis" and "antithesis". The latter part is called "bottom link", which is also called "antithesis", "antithesis" and "antithesis". These two parts are paired.

Only the upper part or the lower part can be regarded as semi-joint. Of course, many couplets, especially those written and hung, have horizontal comments in addition to the upper and lower couplets. Horizontal criticism is an organic part of this kind of couplets, which is often a summary, the finishing touch or compatible with couplets. Generally, it is four words, but also two, three, five and seven words.

From the linguistic point of view, the language of couplets is neither a verse language nor a prose language, but a special language that pursues antithesis and richness. The special "language structure" of couplets is completely determined by the special nature of Chinese and its characters. The uniqueness of this "language structure" makes the creation of couplets different from other literary forms in conception, conception, layout and planning.

With the same objective object and content, we always try to observe and describe things from two aspects and angles, and strive to "shape" the language into a binary and symmetrical structure.

Parasitism and tolerance

The so-called parasitism refers to couplets developed from parallel prose in China's ancient ci and fu. In short, they are a pair of compound sentence, so they can be parasitic in various styles. Poetry, ci, qu, fu, parallel prose, even prose, drama, novel, all have no neat antithesis. On the other hand, couplets are extremely inclusive. It can combine the characteristics of other styles, absorb the expressive techniques of other styles, especially long couplet and super-long couplet, and simply combine the achievements of Chinese stylistic techniques.

For example, the refined meaning of poetry, the exaggeration of fu, the long tone of words, the significance of songs, the free and easy prose, the short rhyme of scriptures, etc., are all eclectic and innovative.

Practicality and artistry

As mentioned earlier, couplets are a classical literary form of China, which is naturally literary and artistic. It embodies the artistic style of Chinese characters in China with unprecedented flexibility and perfection in poems, words and songs. The beauty of couplets lies in symmetry, contrast and unity of opposites. In Song Dynasty, Hu Zai recorded it in Fu Zhai Man Lu, the last volume of Tiao Xi Yu Yin Cong Hua. Yan Shu once invited Wang Qi to dinner and said his last sentence: "I can't help spending it", but I hated it.

Answer: "I have seen Yan before." Yan Shu was overjoyed and wrote this wonderful antithesis into the word Huanxisha. Yang Shen called this antithesis "a beautiful second language, a natural equivalent". This is the artistic charm of couplets.

The artistry of couplets can be summarized by a pair of couplets by contemporary scholar Mr. Bai: it is sincere and sincere to the non-trail, which can be satirized and sung, comparable to poetry and prose, just like a pearl reflecting Baoyu; Combining this grand view has a long history and is also interesting. It adds luster to halls, mountains and rivers and people, just like old trees and new flowers.

Fashion and elegance

People often say that * * * appreciates the elegant customs of couplets, which is true. Imagine that there is another literary form, like couplets, which is dominated by scholars and elegant people. The obedient son of a woman likes listening to music. It can not only enter the ivory tower, but also enter the people of Long Mu, which is both a Chun Xue and a beautiful chin. What is this wonderful unity?

The reason is that couplets are a simple and complex, pure and rich art. As mentioned above, the rules of couplets are not complicated, especially the color and style of language, and there is no requirement for theme and content. They are generally short and pithy, and are widely used in social life. Unlike other literary forms, they are easy to learn, understand and remember. As long as it is right, regardless of the vulgarity and elegance of the language, the size of the theme and the depth of thought, it will become a couplet. But other literature is not inevitable.

Poetry is elegant and connotative, such as "mountains and rivers are blurred, wells are dark, yellow dogs are white, and white dogs are swollen", which can only be called "doggerel". Most people are afraid to ask poetry for fear of writing limerick. And couplets, if written by every family and posted on holidays, are the most popular in literature. However, couplets are both vulgar and elegant.

The rules of couplets are simple and the form is pure, but they are profound and infinite in terms of Tao and art, short and meaningful, and the word is natural, which is beyond the reach of vulgar hands; The long giant is embroidered, just like an epic. Unless it is big, it can't be done. Those excellent places of interest reflect the mountains and rivers and shine forever; Those famous philosophical aphorisms are handed down to the world and will last forever; Isn't it elegant that those people with lofty ideals are generous and aboveboard?

serious

Generally speaking, literature and art are serious, and people oppose the casual creative attitude of literature and language. But for couplets, the situation is different. Couplets are serious. For example, in the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (190 1), Pingyang, Zhejiang "Intelligent Higher Girls' School" and "Zhang Dezhi Min Ming Kai Fan; Learning to lead women's rights is elegant and serious. At the end of Qing Dynasty, a man named Zhao Fan wrote a couplet in Wuhou Temple in Chengdu. This connection is serious. Li Anyun:

If you can attack his heart, you will be self-defeating. Since ancient times, knowing that soldiers are not good at fighting;

It is wrong to combine leniency with severity without judging the situation. You should think hard about governing Shu in the future.

This pair of couplets not only summarizes the characteristics of Zhuge Liang's use of troops in Sichuan, but also summarizes Zhuge Liang's general plan of governing Sichuan, thus putting forward his own political views of pros and cons, combining leniency with severity, peace with war, and being both civil and military. It is very philosophical and contains profound dialectics, which is thought-provoking. Compared with any excellent philosophical poem in history, it shows no weakness. Since its publication, the association has received rave reviews. What people "value" is the profundity and seriousness of this connection. When Mao Zedong visited Wuhou Temple on 1958, he read this couplet carefully and spoke highly of it.

The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Couplet.