catalogue
1. Living habits
2. Morphological characteristics
3. Distribution range
4. Planting techniques
5. shopping tips
6. Nutritional value
Living habits
land
The soil quality is not strict, but it grows well in sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage, and is not suitable for planting in low-lying waters.
moisture
I like it half dry and half wet. Slightly dry before and after flowering. If the soil is too wet, the flowering period will be short. I like to get wet after seeing fruit. If the soil is dry and the fruit withers, it is easy to drop the fruit. The fruit is close to maturity and the soil is slightly dry. If the soil is too wet at the mature stage, the fruit will fall.
illuminate
Not tolerant of shade, the planting place can choose a place that is sheltered from the wind and sunny.
temperature
I like a warm environment, and I can spend the winter in the wilderness of the Jianghuai Valley.
morphological character
Shrub or small tree, up to 5- 10 m, with bark falling off in pieces; Branchlets spineless, cylindrical, pilose when young, soon falling off, purple-red, biennial branches glabrous, purple-brown; Winter buds are semi-circular, with blunt apex, hairless and purplish brown. Leaf blade elliptic-ovoid or elliptic-oblong, sparsely obovate, 5-8 cm long and 3.5-5.5 cm wide, with acute apex, wide wedge-shaped or round base, sharp serrated edge, spiny, glandular teeth, densely covered with yellow-white villi below when young, and soon shedding without hair; Petiole is 5- 10 mm long, puberulent and glandular toothed; Stipules membranous, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, margin glandular toothed, about 7 mm long.
Flowers solitary in leaf axils, pedicels short and thick, 5- 10 mm long, glabrous; Flower diameter 2.5-3 cm; Calyx tube bell-shaped outside glabrous; Sepals triangular-lanceolate, 6- 10 mm long, tapering at the top, glandular teeth at the edge, glabrous outside, densely covered with light brown fluff inside, reflexed; Petals obovate, pale pink; Stamens are numerous, not half as long as petals; Style base connate, pilose, stigma capitate, with inconspicuous division, about as long as stamens or slightly longer. The fruit is oval, long10-15cm, dark yellow, woody, fragrant and short. It blooms in April and bears fruit in September -65438+ 10.
distribution range
China's papaya cultivation areas are distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Taiwan Province and other places.
Planting method
1, Miao. At present, seed propagation is widely used in Lushui County. The method is to take out the seeds after the fruit matures in autumn, without washing the seeds after taking them out. Be careful not to expose the seeds to the sun. Sow the seeds in autumn after picking them, or store them in sand at low temperature until the next spring.
2. Planting. Planting in autumn, spring or before the rainy season, the density is about 40 plants per mu, and it is also planned to plant 60-80 plants per mu. In order to blossom and bear fruit in advance and maintain the excellent characteristics of the mother tree, it is best to adopt cutting and grafting propagation. Then spray a new high-fat film to shorten the suspension period.
3. Soil, fertilizer and water management. Papaya has strong adaptability, but it still needs careful management to achieve high and stable yield. Peas, soybeans, potatoes, etc. Intercropping can be done in young trees. In order to prevent soil erosion, the number of intertillage on steep slopes is less. Every autumn, after fruit harvesting, ditch and apply base fertilizer (farm manure plus appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer). In the spring of the following year, topdressing was carried out again in the young fruit stage with backward flowers, with potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the supplement. In spring, the top dressing during fruit expansion is mainly potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer.
4, plastic trimming. The pruning method of young trees is: after the young trees are planted, they are fixed, and the main branches and lateral branches are cultivated year by year to form the crown skeleton. In this way, when pruning trees, if the crown is too shady, some big branches can be thinned or retracted, and if there are many long upright branches on the crown, they can be cut off or shortened to dry as needed. Cut off dead branches, pests and diseases, and cross branches in the crown. The sprouting branches at the base of the big branches and the lower part of the trunk are generally not cut off, and a small number of positions can be left for crown regeneration. Secondly, put an anti-corrosion film on the trimming mouth to prevent water evaporation and nutrient consumption.
shopping tips
When choosing papaya, we must first identify the maturity. You should choose a darker yellow, which will taste sweeter. Generally, if the surface is turquoise, it means that it is immature and the natural taste is not very sweet.
Papaya with small spots on the epidermis are usually ripe and sweet to eat. However, it should be noted that some overripe papaya will rot slightly and spots will appear on the epidermis, which is a sign of rot, so we should pay attention to distinguish it.
Choose gum with sticky skin, which is sugar gum. Papaya like this is usually sweet.
When choosing papaya, you can smell it. Generally, ripe papaya tastes very fragrant. If there is no taste, it proves that papaya is not ripe. If it stinks, don't buy it It is possible that papaya has rotted and moldy.
Buy papaya not only sweet, but also fresh. Generally, we can start with the pedicel of papaya. If the pedicel of papaya looks green and fresh, papaya is usually just picked for a long time and naturally tastes delicious. You can also see if there is white milk overflowing from the papaya pedicle. Fresh papaya will have white milk, which is papaya gum.
Choose delicious papaya, choose papaya with a bulging belly. Usually the swollen belly will be the mother melon, with more meat and fewer seeds.
Usually, in addition to the sense of smell and vision, you also need to use the sense of touch to choose papaya. You can gently press the stomach of papaya with your hand. If your hand can hold down the papaya and it doesn't collapse, then the papaya is usually ripe.
nutritive value
Papaya is nutritious, sweet, soft and juicy. It can be eaten raw or as a dish. According to modern scientific determination, papaya is rich in vitamins A, B 1, B2 and C, iron, calcium, potassium and other minerals, and also contains natural plant polysaccharides, protein, papain and organic acids. The 17 amino acids contained in it include all essential amino acids, and the proportion is close to that of human protein. The content of phosphorus and potassium is also high; The contents of vitamin A and vitamin C are particularly high, five times that of watermelon and banana.
Papaya enzyme is rich in breast enhancement hormones and vitamin A, which can stimulate the secretion of female hormones and stimulate the secretion of estrogen by ovaries, thus making breasts smooth and achieving the purpose of breast enhancement; It can also promote skin metabolism, help dissolve sebum and aging keratin accumulated in pores, and make skin look brighter and fresher; It can also decompose protein and sugar, decompose fat, remove fat, promote new metabolism, and expel excess fat in time. Green papaya can be used as a good product for body shaping and beauty.
Papaya contains carotene, an antioxidant, which can turn the pulp into orange and reduce the damage caused by environmental pollution. Papaya is also rich in-carotene, a natural antioxidant, which can effectively resist the oxidation of whole body cells and destroy oxygen free radicals that accelerate human aging. Therefore, eating papaya often has the effects of beauty and skin care and delaying aging. Papaya is also rich in vitamin C, which helps to repair body tissues, eliminate toxic substances that damage body cells and enhance human disease resistance.
Flavonoids in papaya have obvious antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anticancer, blood pressure lowering, blood lipid lowering, microcirculation improving, bacteriostasis and anti-inflammatory effects. It also has the effects of stabilizing the elasticity of blood vessels and capillaries, increasing arterial flow, resisting arrhythmia and ulcer. It can also promote the secretion of estrogen hormones and promote the development and proliferation of mammary ducts.
Papaya, as a dual-purpose fruit for medicine and food (Ministry of Health Announcement 1996), has the functions of strengthening the spleen and stomach, promoting digestion, relieving alcoholism, lowering blood pressure, promoting lactation, detoxicating and detumescence, relaxing bowels and expelling worms, etc. It can be used as an adjuvant treatment for diseases such as dyspepsia, gastritis, stomachache, duodenal ulcer, angina pectoris, hypertension, scurvy and hypogalactia, and has a long history of research and application in China.